Reeners v. McCormick

Opinion

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE MIDDLE DISTRICT OF TENNESSEE NASHVILLE DIVISION

PATRICK REENERS, ) Plaintiff, ) ) v. ) Civil Action No. 3:24-cv-555 ) Judge Crenshaw/Frensley NEKEISHA MCCORMICK, et al. ) Jury Demand Defendants. )

REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION

Pending before the court is a motion to dismiss filed by Defendant Joseph Tompson in this matter. Docket No. 51. The Defendant filed a supporting memorandum of law. Docket No. 52. The plaintiff did not respond to the motion in the time allowed by the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and Local Rules of Court. As a result, the court entered a show cause order ordering the Plaintiff to show cause by April 25, 2025, why his claim should not be dismissed for failure to prosecute or for the reasons stated in the defendant’s motion to dismiss. Docket No. 53. The Plaintiff was forewarned that failure to respond to the order could lead to a recommendation that his claims be dismissed. Id. The Plaintiff has not responded to the motion to dismiss or this Court’s show cause order. For the reasons stated herein, the undersigned recommends that the action be DISMISSED WITHOUT PREJUDICE, and that the defendant’s motion to dismiss be FOUND MOOT. BACKGROUND I. BACKGROUND On May 3, 2024, Plaintiff filed his original pro se complaint in this court against various defendants pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 asserting claims for violations of his due process rights and for malicious prosecution surrounding an order of protection issued against him in state court. Docket No. 1. On May 17, 2024, prior to summonses being issued, Plaintiff filed an Amended Complaint to correct spelling errors in his original complaint and provide additional facts. Docket No. 5, p. 2. On May 20, 2024, Plaintiff filed a Second Amended Complaint without leave of court. Docket

No. 6. Plaintiff attached as exhibits to his Second Amended Complaint various handwritten documents, as well as pleadings and other documents from his underlying state court case. Docket No. 6-1 and attachments thereto.1 On May 29, 2024, Plaintiff filed a Third Amended Complaint, this time without the previously attached documentation, and, again, without leave of court. Docket No. 9. In his Third Amended Complaint, Plaintiff names as defendants Judge Nekeisha Bryant McCormick of the Sumner County General Sessions Court; Judge Gregory Traylor of the Macon County General Sessions Court; Judge Joseph Thompson of the Sumner County Circuit Court; Janice Draper, clerk of the Sumner County General Sessions Court; Judge Allegra Birdine Walker of the Davidson County General Sessions Court, and Jane and John Doe court clerks. Plaintiff sues all defendants

in their personal and official capacities. On May 30, 2024, summonses were issued on the Third Amended Complaint. Docket No. 10. While the Third Amended Complaint filed on May 29, 2024, is the operative pleading now before the court (Docket No. 9), the gravamen of the allegations gleaned from all of Plaintiff’s

1 As a general rule, a court is not to consider matters outside of the pleadings when ruling on a Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss. See, e.g., Seaton v. TripAdvisor LLC, 728 F.3d 592 (6th Cir. 2013). However, a court need not convert the motion under Rule 12(d) if it considers only "the Complaint and any exhibits attached thereto, public records, items appearing in the record of the case and exhibits attached to defendant's motion to dismiss so long as they are referred to in the Complaint and are central to the claims contained therein." Bassett v. Nat'l Collegiate Athletic Ass'n, 528 F.3d 426, 430 (6th Cir. 2008); see also, Lynch v. Leis, 382 F.3d 642, 647 n. 5 (6th Cir. 2004) (courts may take judicial notice of proceedings in other courts of record). complaints are the same. This case arises out of a proceeding in the General Sessions Court for Sumner County, Michelle Lynn Jouvence v. Patrick Jayson Reeners, No. 2023-CV-1355, involving a Petition for an Order of Protection against Patrick Jason Reeners, the plaintiff in this case. (“Reeners” or

“Plaintiff”) Docket No. 6-1, p. 10. Sumner County General Sessions Judge Ne’Keisha Bryant- McCormick was assigned to the case. Id. Petitioner Michelle Lynn Jouvence was represented by attorney Randolph L. Lucas. On February 12, 2025, the court issued an Order adopting the report and recommendation filed in this matter dismissing all claims against Defendants Nekeisha Bryant McCormick, Gregory Traylor, Allegra Birdine Walker and Janice Draper. Docket No. 49. Defendant Joseph Thompson now moves this Court to dismiss the Third Amended Complaint on the grounds that the Court lacks subject matter jurisdiction to review state court proceedings under the Rooker-Feldman doctrine. Docket No. 51 He argues in the alternative that regardless of the Court’s jurisdiction, their actions are subject to judicial immunity, and therefore

the Third Amended Complaint fails to state a claim. Docket No. 52. Plaintiff has not responded to the motion to dismiss and the time to do so has passed. II. LAW AND ANALYSIS A. Legal Standard

Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(b) “confers on district courts the authority to dismiss an action for failure of a Plaintiff to prosecute the claim or comply with the Rules or any order of the Court. Schafer v. City of Defiance Police Department, 529 F. 3d 731, 736 (6th Cir. 2008)(citing Knoll v. AT & T, 176 F. 3d 359, 362-3 (6th Cir. 1999)); Carpenter v. City of Flint, 723 F. 3d 700, 704 (6th Cir. 2013)(“It is well settled that a district court has the authority to dismiss sua sponte a lawsuit for failure to prosecute.”). Similarly, this court’s Local Rules provides that “[c]ivil suits that have been pending for an unreasonable period of time without any action having been taken by any party may be summarily dismissed . . . without prejudice to refile or to move the Court to set aside the order of dismissal for just cause.” Local Rule 41.01(a)(dismissal for unreasonable

delay. Dismissal for failure to prosecute is a tool for district courts to manage their dockets and avoid unnecessary burdens on opposing parties and the judiciary. See Schafer, 529 F. 3d at 736 (quoting Knoll, 176 F. 3d at 363). The Court considers four factors in determining whether dismissal under Rule 41(b) is appropriate: (1) the willfulness, bad faith, or fault of the plaintiff; (2) whether the opposing party has been prejudiced by the plaintiff’s conduct; (3) whether the plaintiff was warned that failure to cooperate could lead to dismissal; and (4) the availability and appropriateness of other, less drastic sanctions. Schafer v. City of Defiance Police Dep’t, 529 F. 3d 731, 737 (6th Cir. 2008). A dismissal for failure to prosecute under Rule 41(b) constitutes an adjudication on the merits unless the dismissal order states otherwise. Fed. R. Civ. P. 41(b). The Court of Appeals for the Sixth

Circuit has noted, however, that dismissal under Rule 41(b) is a “harsh sanction” and should only apply in extreme situations where there is a “clear record of delay or contumacious conduct by the plaintiff.” Carter, 636 F. 2d at 161, quoting Silas v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., Inc., 586 F. 2d 382, 385 (5th Cir. 1978). Rule 41(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure authorizes the involuntary dismissal of an action if a plaintiff fails to prosecute or to comply with an order of the court. See, Jourdan v. Jabe, 951 F. 2d 108, 109 (6th Cir., 1991). “[W]hile pro se litigants may be granted some latitude when dealing with sophisticated legal issues, acknowledging their lack of formal training, there is no cause for extending this margin to straightforward procedural requirements that a lay person can comprehend as easily as a lawyer.” Id. “[T]he lenient treatment of pro se litigants has limits.” Pilgrim v. Littlefield, 92 F. 3d 413, 416 (6th Cir. 1996). When a pro se litigant fails to comply with an easily understood court-imposed deadline, there is no basis for treating that party more favorably than a party who is represented. Id.

Additionally, courts have an inherent power “acting on their own initiative, to clear their calendars of cases that have remained dormant because of inaction or dilatoriness of the party seeking relief.” Link v. Wabash Railroad Co., 370 U. S. 626, 630 (1962). This is not a case of a plaintiff simply filing documents past deadlines or filing inadequate briefs. See Mulbah v. Detroit Bd. of Educ., 261 F. 3d 586, 593-94 (6th Cir. 2001) (finding that the district court abused its discretion by granting a motion to dismiss for failure to prosecute). Giving due consideration to each of the factors, the court finds that dismissal for failure to prosecute is an appropriate and necessary sanction, as no alternative sanction “would protect the integrity of pre-trial procedures.” Carter v. City of Memphis, 636 F. 2d 159, 161 (6th Cir. 1980). B. The Case at Bar

The undersigned finds that dismissal under Rule 41(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure is appropriate because the four relevant factors, considered under the “relaxed” standard for dismissal without prejudice show a record of delay, refusal to advance the case and failure to comply with the court’s orders by the Plaintiff. 1. Bad Faith, Willfulness, or Fault

A plaintiff’s actions demonstrate bad faith, willfulness, or fault where they “display either an intent to thwart judicial proceedings or a reckless disregard for the effect of [plaintiff’s] conduct on those proceedings.” Wu v. T.W. Wang, Inc., 420 F. 3d 641, 643 (6th Cir. 2005) (quoting Mulbah, 261 F. 3d at 591(6th Cir 2001)). Although there is no indication that the plaintiffs’ failure to file a response to the defendants’ motion to dismiss by the deadline was driven by bad faith, he is still “at fault for failing to comply with the Court’s Order[ ].” Malott v. Haas, 2017 WL 1319839, at *2 (E.D. Mich. Feb. 8, 2017), report and recommendation adopted by 2017 WL 1244991 (E.D. Mich. Apr. 5, 2017); see id. (finding that first factor weighed in favor of dismissal where plaintiff

had failed to respond to the defendants’ summary judgment motion, despite receiving additional time to do so, and had failed to respond to the court’s show-cause orders). This factor weighs in favor of dismissal. 2. Prejudice

The Sixth Circuit has held that “[a] defendant is prejudiced by a plaintiff’s dilatory conduct if the defendant is ‘required to waste time, money, and effort in pursuit of cooperation which [the plaintiff] was legally obligated to provide.’” Carpenter, 723 F. 3d at 707 (second alteration in original) (quoting Harmon v. CSX Transp., Inc., 110 F. 3d 364, 368 (6th Cir. 1997)); see also Schafer, 529 F. 3d at 739 (same). Such prejudice typically arises in the discovery context. See, e.g., Harmon, 110 F. 3d at 368 (finding prejudice where plaintiff failed to respond to defendant’s interrogatories and a related motion to compel); Wright v. City of Germantown, 2013 WL 1729105, at *2 (W. D. Tenn. Apr. 22, 2013) (finding prejudice where defendant “expended time and money pursuing [plaintiff’s] required initial disclosures and deposition testimony”). Notably, time and effort spent on “typical steps in the early stages of litigation[,]” such as answering a complaint or filing pretrial motions to advance the defendant’s position, are not actions “necessitated by any lack of cooperation” and therefore do not weigh in favor of dismissal for failure to prosecute. Schafer, 529 F. 3d at 739. The Sixth Circuit explained in Schafer v. City of Defiance Police Department that “[i]f such efforts . . . [were] alone sufficient to establish prejudice,” for the purpose of Rule 41(b), “then every defendant who answers a complaint and responds minimally to a lawsuit would be able to claim prejudice[,]” a “result [that] would defy common sense.” 529 F. 3d at 740. Here, the defendant filed a motion to dismiss. Docket No. 51. The plaintiff’s failure to take any steps to advance the litigation does prejudice the defendant. All parties are entitled to a just and prompt resolution of their cases. The failure to advance litigation, as the plaintiff has here,

prejudices the parties and reflects the type of situation where the court should intervene. The failure of a party to respond to dispositive motions deprives the court of that party’s opposition, reflects a lack of interest in the litigation and forces the court to address matters without the benefit of the nonmoving party’s advocacy. Thus, this factor weighs in favor of dismissal. 3. Prior Notice

Whether a party was warned that failure to cooperate could lead to dismissal “is a ‘key consideration’” in the Rule 41(b) analysis. Schafer, 529 F. 3d at 740 (quoting Stough, 138 F. 3d at 615). The Plaintiff did not respond to the Motion to Dismiss in the time required by the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and the Local Rules of Court. Thereafter, the Court entered a show cause order further extending Plaintiff’s deadline to April 25, 2025, to indicate why his claim should not be dismissed for failure to prosecute. Docket No. 53. The Show Cause Order further warned the Plaintiff that his failure to respond to the Order may lead to a recommendation that his claims be dismissed. Id. The plaintiff has not responded to the motion to dismiss or this court’s show cause order. This factor weighs in favor of dismissal. 4. Appropriateness of Other Sanctions

The less-drastic sanction of dismissal without prejudice is available and appropriate here. Dismissal without prejudice balances the court’s interest in “sound judicial case and docket management” with “the public policy interest in the disposition of cases on their merits.” Muncy, 110 F. App’x at 557 n. 5; see also Mulbah, 261 F. 3d at 590–91. That is so even though the defendants have filed a motion to dismiss. See Watsy v. Richards, No. 86-1856, 1987 WL 37151, at *1 (6th Cir. Apr. 20, 1987) (affirming dismissal of action for failure to prosecute where plaintiff had not provided the court with a current mailing address or responded to the defendants’ motion dismiss despite a sixty-day extension); Thomas-Wilson v. Green Tree Servicing LLC, No. 3:14-cv-

01968, 2016 WL 4775738, at *1 (M.D. Tenn. Jan. 15, 2016) (dismissing pro se plaintiff’s claims without prejudice for failure to prosecute and finding defendants’ pending motion for summary judgment moot). Such a sanction is particularly appropriate in cases of prolonged inactivity and where, as here, the plaintiff appears pro se. See Schafer, 529 F. 3d at 737 (noting that courts apply the four-factor test “more stringently in cases where the plaintiff’s attorney’s conduct is responsible for the dismissal.” Id. (quoting Harmon, 110 F. 3d at 367)). All four factors set forth above weigh in favor of dismissal of this case. While dismissal under Rule 41(b) is a “harsh” sanction. plaintiff has been given every opportunity to participate in this litigation and has chosen not to do so. The plaintiff has been given ample opportunity to cure the defects and specifically advised that his failure to cooperate and comply with the Court’s orders

could lead to dismissal. No further less drastic sanction would be appropriate in this case. III. CONCLUSION For the foregoing reasons, the undersigned RECOMMENDS that this action be DISMISSED WITHOUT PREJUDICE under Rule 41(b) for failure to prosecute and that the Motion to Dismiss (Docket No. 51) be FOUND MOOT. Under Rule 72(b) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, any party has fourteen (14) days from receipt of this Report and Recommendation in which to file any written objections to this Recommendation with the District Court. Any party opposing said objections shall have fourteen (14) days from receipt of any objections filed in this Report in which to file any response to said objections. Failure to file specific objections within fourteen (14) days of receipt of this Report and Recommendation can constitute a waiver of further appeal of this Recommendation. Thomas v. Arn, 474 U.S. 140, 106 S. Ct. 466, 88 L. Ed. 2d 435 (1985), reh’g denied, 474 U.S. 1111 (1986). IT IS SO ORDERED. \ JEFFERY S. FRENSLEY United States Magistrate Judge