The Chancellor.
Before proceeding to examine the merits of this cause, it is proper to notice one or two objections that were made upon the argument, which relate to matters of form. On the part of the defendant Warner it was insisted that there was no equity in the bill which could authorize the complainant to make him a party; and that he was a mere witness. This objection is untenable, if the allegation in the bill is true, that Warner, at the time of the purchase of the notes, was the agent of the complainant to obtain a compromise of his Providence debts at an amount not exceeding fifty cents on the dollar. If such was the fact, the transfer of the notes to Johnson, for the whole nominal amount thereof, was a fraud upon the rights of the complainant;, which would have authorized him to file a bill in this court to compel the defendant Warner to indemnify him against the payment of any more of the notes than was equitably due, as between him .and Warner, at the time of the transfer of the notes to Johnson. And as the notes were transferred to" Johnson and Harris after they became due, and therefore subject to all equities which existed against such notes in the hands of Warner, the complainant had a right to join them with Warner, as defendants in the suit, for the purpose of having the account of what was due ascertained, to prevent a recovery at law for any more than was justly due. (See Baily v. Inglee, 2 Paige’s Rep. 278. Again ; it appears, from the answer of the defendant Johnson, that Warner sold and transferred the notes to him as being justly due to the extent of the full nominal amount thereof. And that he gave to Johnson no information as to the existence of the agreement of the 23d of April, Í 830, or that any equitable claim existed to prevent the recovery of the full amount of the notes, with interest. This being the fact. [654]*654the defendants Johnson and Harris would probably have had the right to insist that Warner should be made a party, to assist them in the defence of the suit, and that he might be primarily charged with the costs, if the complainant succeeded; and also that they might have a decree over against him, for so much of the nominal amount of the notes as was not equitably due from Reed at the time they were sold to Johnson.
The copy of the answer of Warner which was served on the complainant’s solicitor, has no jurat attached to it; and it is objected that, for this reason, it is to have no greater effect, as evidence, even where it is responsive to the bill, than if an answer on oath had been waived by the complainant, under the provision of the revised statutes on that subject. (2 R. S. 175, § 44.) This is probably a mere slip of the defendant’s solicitor," as I presume the original answer on file was duly sworn to, in the usual manner. The 40th rule makes it the duty of the complainant, if he wishes to waive an answer on oath, so as to obtain the benefit of this provision of the revised statutes, to insert .such waiver in his bill. And where he has a right to an answer on oath, and neglects to insert such a waiver in his bill, he ought not to bo permitted to take advantage of a technical objection of this kind, to deprive the defendant of the benefit of such parts of the answer as are responsive to the bill. If, from the copy served, the answer did not appear to have been properly verified, the complainant’s solicitor should have refused to receive it, or he should have returned it to the defendant’s solicitor, as soon as the mistake was discovered, and proceeded as if no answer had been put in. But by filing a replication and proceeding to a hearing upon pleadings and proofs, the irregularity of serving an answer to which no jurat was attached, was waived.
The answer of the defendant Warner is in direct collision with the testimony of W. H. Priest, one of the complainant’s witnesses, as to the fact of Warner’s having assumed to act as the agent of Reed, in compromising with his Providence creditors, previous to the purchase of these notes; and the letters of Warner, before and after the transfer of the notes of Davis, Babbitt & &o. to him, strongly corroborate the testimony of Priest, in this respect. There is some little doubt as to the [655]*655tíme when the notes were actually sold to Warner, in exchange for the land. Warner, in his answer, says he thinks it was about the last of March. But Davis and Babbitt, both of whom were examined as witnesses, in one of the suits at law, and whose testimony was read in this cause, by agreement of the parties, swear that the bargain for the transfer of the notes was closed about the 13th of April. This difference in time, however, is not very material, as none of the letters to the complainant are dated between the 16th of March and the time of the arrangement between him and Warner, at New-York, when the latter agreed to accept $350, in full for the notes. Priest swears that sometime in the latter part of the winter of 1889,53Q, he thinks in the month of February, Warner was at New-York, and had an interview with Reed, at. the store of the latter; that Reed requested Warner to assist him in compromising with his Providence creditors, and told him he would compensate him for his services, and pay all the expenses which he, Warner, might be put to, in the business ; that Warner replied that he had no objection to do what be could for the complainant, but that it would be useless for him to stir in the business, unless Reed was prepared to pay fifty cents on the dollar, as he was confident the creditors would take no less ; that after some farther conversation, the complainant authorized Warner to settle with the creditors on those terms, if he could not do better, but requested him to settle on the best terms he could, and to get as long a time for the payment of the fifty cents on the dollar as possible; and that Warner then said he would do what he could for him, and would let him know the result as soon as possible.
The first loiter of Warner to the complainant, after the interview testified to by Priest, is dated at Providence, on the 16th of March, 1830. 'In this letter Warner says, ecI have made some inquiry respecting your business, and think, from what I can discover, that you will find some difficulty in settling at fifty cents on the dollar, cash down. Patten says he will have seventy-five. Mr. Frost says the same. I will look about and ascertain what others will do, and will write you soon. ■ I should recommend you to settle with Mumford, if possible.” Again, upon the 88th of April, he writes to Reed, [656]*656and says, among other things: “ I have this day seen Mi* Mumford, respecting your business. I saw Mr. Jenks yesterday. It will be necessary for Mr. Jenks to have his money by the 12th of May. Mr. Mumford says, in conversation I had with him, that he expects to get the whole of his demand against you, as you have nearly settled all your business. He does not know that I was authorized to offer any terms from you.” These two letters, and the subsequent claim which Warner made upon Reed for compensation for his services in endeavoring to make a settlement with the Providence creditors, in connection with the positive testimony of Priest, satisfy me that it is true, as alleged in the bill, that Warner had assumed to act as the agent of Reed in effecting a compromise with his Providence creditors, previous to the purchase of the notes of Davis, Babbitt & Co., notwithstanding thé denial in the answer.
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The Chancellor.
Before proceeding to examine the merits of this cause, it is proper to notice one or two objections that were made upon the argument, which relate to matters of form. On the part of the defendant Warner it was insisted that there was no equity in the bill which could authorize the complainant to make him a party; and that he was a mere witness. This objection is untenable, if the allegation in the bill is true, that Warner, at the time of the purchase of the notes, was the agent of the complainant to obtain a compromise of his Providence debts at an amount not exceeding fifty cents on the dollar. If such was the fact, the transfer of the notes to Johnson, for the whole nominal amount thereof, was a fraud upon the rights of the complainant;, which would have authorized him to file a bill in this court to compel the defendant Warner to indemnify him against the payment of any more of the notes than was equitably due, as between him .and Warner, at the time of the transfer of the notes to Johnson. And as the notes were transferred to" Johnson and Harris after they became due, and therefore subject to all equities which existed against such notes in the hands of Warner, the complainant had a right to join them with Warner, as defendants in the suit, for the purpose of having the account of what was due ascertained, to prevent a recovery at law for any more than was justly due. (See Baily v. Inglee, 2 Paige’s Rep. 278. Again ; it appears, from the answer of the defendant Johnson, that Warner sold and transferred the notes to him as being justly due to the extent of the full nominal amount thereof. And that he gave to Johnson no information as to the existence of the agreement of the 23d of April, Í 830, or that any equitable claim existed to prevent the recovery of the full amount of the notes, with interest. This being the fact. [654]*654the defendants Johnson and Harris would probably have had the right to insist that Warner should be made a party, to assist them in the defence of the suit, and that he might be primarily charged with the costs, if the complainant succeeded; and also that they might have a decree over against him, for so much of the nominal amount of the notes as was not equitably due from Reed at the time they were sold to Johnson.
The copy of the answer of Warner which was served on the complainant’s solicitor, has no jurat attached to it; and it is objected that, for this reason, it is to have no greater effect, as evidence, even where it is responsive to the bill, than if an answer on oath had been waived by the complainant, under the provision of the revised statutes on that subject. (2 R. S. 175, § 44.) This is probably a mere slip of the defendant’s solicitor," as I presume the original answer on file was duly sworn to, in the usual manner. The 40th rule makes it the duty of the complainant, if he wishes to waive an answer on oath, so as to obtain the benefit of this provision of the revised statutes, to insert .such waiver in his bill. And where he has a right to an answer on oath, and neglects to insert such a waiver in his bill, he ought not to bo permitted to take advantage of a technical objection of this kind, to deprive the defendant of the benefit of such parts of the answer as are responsive to the bill. If, from the copy served, the answer did not appear to have been properly verified, the complainant’s solicitor should have refused to receive it, or he should have returned it to the defendant’s solicitor, as soon as the mistake was discovered, and proceeded as if no answer had been put in. But by filing a replication and proceeding to a hearing upon pleadings and proofs, the irregularity of serving an answer to which no jurat was attached, was waived.
The answer of the defendant Warner is in direct collision with the testimony of W. H. Priest, one of the complainant’s witnesses, as to the fact of Warner’s having assumed to act as the agent of Reed, in compromising with his Providence creditors, previous to the purchase of these notes; and the letters of Warner, before and after the transfer of the notes of Davis, Babbitt & &o. to him, strongly corroborate the testimony of Priest, in this respect. There is some little doubt as to the [655]*655tíme when the notes were actually sold to Warner, in exchange for the land. Warner, in his answer, says he thinks it was about the last of March. But Davis and Babbitt, both of whom were examined as witnesses, in one of the suits at law, and whose testimony was read in this cause, by agreement of the parties, swear that the bargain for the transfer of the notes was closed about the 13th of April. This difference in time, however, is not very material, as none of the letters to the complainant are dated between the 16th of March and the time of the arrangement between him and Warner, at New-York, when the latter agreed to accept $350, in full for the notes. Priest swears that sometime in the latter part of the winter of 1889,53Q, he thinks in the month of February, Warner was at New-York, and had an interview with Reed, at. the store of the latter; that Reed requested Warner to assist him in compromising with his Providence creditors, and told him he would compensate him for his services, and pay all the expenses which he, Warner, might be put to, in the business ; that Warner replied that he had no objection to do what be could for the complainant, but that it would be useless for him to stir in the business, unless Reed was prepared to pay fifty cents on the dollar, as he was confident the creditors would take no less ; that after some farther conversation, the complainant authorized Warner to settle with the creditors on those terms, if he could not do better, but requested him to settle on the best terms he could, and to get as long a time for the payment of the fifty cents on the dollar as possible; and that Warner then said he would do what he could for him, and would let him know the result as soon as possible.
The first loiter of Warner to the complainant, after the interview testified to by Priest, is dated at Providence, on the 16th of March, 1830. 'In this letter Warner says, ecI have made some inquiry respecting your business, and think, from what I can discover, that you will find some difficulty in settling at fifty cents on the dollar, cash down. Patten says he will have seventy-five. Mr. Frost says the same. I will look about and ascertain what others will do, and will write you soon. ■ I should recommend you to settle with Mumford, if possible.” Again, upon the 88th of April, he writes to Reed, [656]*656and says, among other things: “ I have this day seen Mi* Mumford, respecting your business. I saw Mr. Jenks yesterday. It will be necessary for Mr. Jenks to have his money by the 12th of May. Mr. Mumford says, in conversation I had with him, that he expects to get the whole of his demand against you, as you have nearly settled all your business. He does not know that I was authorized to offer any terms from you.” These two letters, and the subsequent claim which Warner made upon Reed for compensation for his services in endeavoring to make a settlement with the Providence creditors, in connection with the positive testimony of Priest, satisfy me that it is true, as alleged in the bill, that Warner had assumed to act as the agent of Reed in effecting a compromise with his Providence creditors, previous to the purchase of the notes of Davis, Babbitt & Co., notwithstanding thé denial in the answer. He therefore had no right, while that relationship continued, to purchase and hold those notes for a greater sum than he actually paid, not' exceeding fifty cents on the dollar and a reasonable compensation for his services. And although it was a breach of good faith, on the part of Reed, not to pay the $350 and interest within the time given him for that purpose by the memorandum of the 23d of April, that did not authorize Warner to hold the notes for their full amount, or to demand any thing more-than a reasonable compensation for his services as agent. It is a well settled principle of equity that an agent employed to purchase .an estate, or to transact any particular business for another, cannot purchase for himself, or act for. his own benefit in relation to the subject matter of the agency, to the injury of his principal. (See Lees v. Nuttall, Taml. Rep. 282; 2 Myln. & Keen, 819, S. C.; Parkist v. Alexander, 1 John. Ch. Rep. 394.) The amount offered by the complainant, in August, 1830, including the $50 for his services as agent, which probably was more than those services were actually worth, was as much as Warner had any equitable right to claim. And if that amount had been actually tendered in money, instead of being in part offered ih the note of a third person, I should hold the complainant discharged from the payment of interest af[657]*657ter that date, or any of the costs of the suits at law upon the notes.
As the notes were transferred to Johnson, after they became due, and under circumstances sufficient to put him on inquiry, as to the equities existing between the maker and the holder of the notes, Johnson cannot be permitted to bold them for any thing more than the two sums offered by Reed, in August, 1830, with interest from the 13th of that month ; which, from the casting on exhibit No. 11, appears to be the day on which that offer was made. The complainant is not wholly without fault in this business, as he should have paid the amount of the two smallest notes, and tendered sufficient upon the other to make up the $406,45 and interest, from August 13th, 1830. In that case the costs of the suits upon the two smaller notes would have been saved. He must, therefore, pay the whole amount of those two notes, and the costs of the suits thereon ; and so much of the larger note as will, with the principal and interest of the two smallest, make up the $406,45 and interest. And upon the payment of that amount, the defendants must be perpetually enjoined from proceeding in the suit upon the larger note, and the same must be deposited with the register and cancelled.
The defendants Harris and Johnson appear to have acted in good faith, and I shall not charge them with the costs of the complainant in this suit; but he is entitled to recover his costs as against the defendant Warner. As the defendants have all appeared by one solicitor, and the cause was argued by the same counsel, on the hearing, it would be improper for me, at this time, to undertake to settle their rights between themselves, although it is probable that sufficient appears upon the pleadings and proofs to enable me to make such a decree as would be equitable in that respect. I shall therefore reserve the questions which arise between the defendants themselves, and give permission to any or either of them hereafter to apply for such further directions in this respect as may be just. z