Ravanna Spencer v. Lance Courtier

552 F. App'x 121
CourtCourt of Appeals for the Third Circuit
DecidedJanuary 14, 2014
Docket12-3520
StatusUnpublished
Cited by8 cases

This text of 552 F. App'x 121 (Ravanna Spencer v. Lance Courtier) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Ravanna Spencer v. Lance Courtier, 552 F. App'x 121 (3d Cir. 2014).

Opinion

OPINION

PER CURIAM.

Ravanna Spencer appeals the District Court’s orders granting Appellees’ motions for summary judgment. For the reasons below, we will affirm the District Court’s judgment.

The procedural history of this case and the details of Spencer’s claims are well known to the parties, set forth in the District Court’s memorandum order, and need not be discussed at length. In his complaint, Spencer argued that his placement in the Special Management Unit (SMU) in prison was unconstitutional because it exacerbated his mental health problems. He also complained of the conditions in the SMU. The District Court granted the Ap-pellees’ motions for summary judgment. Spencer filed a notice of appeal. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291.

*123 Statute of Limitations

Appellees argue that Spencer’s claims are barred by the statute of limitations. The statute of limitations for claims under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 is two years. See Sameric Corp. of Del. v. City of Philadelphia, 142 F.3d 582, 599 (3d Cir.1998). Spencer dated his complaint May 24, 2009. Thus, any act by Appellees occurring before May 24, 2007, is barred by the statute of limitations. In his complaint, Spencer does not allege any act by any Appellee that falls within the statute of limitations.

Spencer argues, and the District Court agreed, that his claims were timely under the continuing violations theory. We disagree. The continuing violations doctrine is an equitable exception to the statute of limitations. If a defendant’s conduct constitutes a continuing practice, the entire claim may be timely if the last act of the practice falls within the statute of limitations. Cowell v. Palmer Twp., 263 F.3d 286, 292 (3d Cir.2001). The continuing violations theory focuses on affirmative acts of the defendants. Id. at 293. We consider three factors in determining whether the defendant’s conduct was more than isolated or sporadic acts: (1) the subject matter; (2) the frequency; and (3) the degree of permanence. Id. at 292.

In considering the subject matter, we look at whether the violations constitute the same type of violation. Here, Spencer challenged his placement in the SMU, the lack of psychiatric treatment, and the conditions of confinement, which we conclude are of a similar subject matter. As for frequency, Spencer alleged in his complaint that he was placed in the SMU in January 2006, denied medication in April and October 2006, and denied medication in January 2007. 1 These acts were months apart.

The degree of permanence is the most important factor. Id. The relevant question is “whether the act had a degree of permanence which should trigger the plaintiffs awareness of and duty to assert his/her rights and whether the consequences of the act would continue even in the absence of a continuing intent to discriminate.” Id. Spencer’s placement in SMU had a degree of permanence because normally, an inmate does not leave the SMU until he progresses through the levels of the program and earns his release. Spencer knew of the alleged exacerbation of his mental health problems as early as May 2006 when he filed a similar civil rights complaint against many of the same defendants challenging his placement and treatment in the SMU, see Spencer v. Maxwell, M.D. Pa. Civ. No. 06-cvl099, and in October 2006 when he grieved the issue. See also Barnes v. Am. Tobacco Co., 161 F.3d 127, 154 (3d Cir.1998) (“We understand Fowlces [v. Pennsylvania R.R. Co., 264 F.2d 397 (3d Cir.1959) ] to mean that continuing conduct of defendant will not stop the ticking of the limitations clock begun when plaintiff obtained requisite information. On discovering an injury and its cause, a claimant must choose to sue or forego that remedy.”) (quoting Kichline v. Consol. Rail Corp., 800 F.2d 356, 360 (3d Cir.1986)). Spencer filed the instant complaint a few weeks after summary judgment was granted against him in Spencer v. Maxwell. It is clear he was aware of his claims and could have brought them in a timely manner.

We conclude that the continuing violations theory is not applicable here, and any allegations dated before May 24, 2007, are time-barred. Even if application of the *124 continuing violations doctrine was appropriate, Spencer has not alleged any affirmative acts by the Appellees within the statute of limitations. Furthermore, even if his claims were timely, they are without merit as discussed below.

Deliberate Indifference

The crux of Spencer’s complaint is that Appellees were indifferent to his serious medical needs by placing him in the SMU and denying him treatment. Prison officials cannot be held to be deliberately indifferent merely because they did not respond to the medical complaints of a prisoner who was already being treated by the prison medical staff. Durmer v. O’Carroll, 991 F.2d 64, 69 (8d Cir.1993). “[Ajbsent a reason to believe (or actual knowledge) that prison doctors or their assistants are mistreating (or not treating) a prisoner, a non-medical prison official ... will not be chargeable with the Eighth Amendment scienter requirement of deliberate indifference.” Spruill v. Gillis, 372 F.3d 218, 236 (3d Cir.2004). Spencer has not shown any genuine issue of material fact concerning whether the non-medical Appellees had a reason to believe the medical staff were not treating him properly. Medical professionals determined that Spencer was not suffering from any condition which would preclude SMU placement. According to the medical records and other exhibits, Spencer was seen in 2006 by the medical staff on January 11th, January 24th, several times in April, July 28th, August 25th, and September 4th. He refused visits on January 23rd and February 14th. While Spencer alleges that the staff failed to provide treatment, he did not allege any specific occasion where he requested to speak with medical staff and was denied.

As for the medical staff, Spencer has not shown any genuine issue of material fact exists with respect to whether the medical staffs alleged failure to diagnose him with serious mental illness was deliberately indifferent as opposed to merely negligent or a difference of opinion.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
552 F. App'x 121, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/ravanna-spencer-v-lance-courtier-ca3-2014.