1 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
2 DISTRICT OF NEVADA
3 TIM RADECKI, Case No. 2:22-cv-01726-ART-EJY
4 Plaintiff, ORDER v. 5 BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., et al., 6 Defendants. 7 8 This case involves a dispute over the validity of the parties’ claim to title 9 over a property located in Las Vegas, Nevada. On December 1, 2023, Defendants 10 recorded a Notice of Sale and scheduled a foreclosure sale of the property for 11 January 12, 2024. (ECF No. 62, Ex. 5.) Before the Court are Plaintiff Tim 12 Radecki’s Emergency Motions for Temporary Restraining Order and Preliminary 13 Injunction (ECF Nos. 62, 63) seeking to enjoin the foreclosure. Because federal 14 law precludes the injunctive relief Plaintiff requests, the Court denies Plaintiff’s 15 Emergency Motions. 16 I. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY 17 Non-party borrowers purchased the property at issue, 6507 Copper Smith 18 Court, North Las Vegas, NV 89084, in March of 2008, subject to a mortgage held 19 by non-party Countrywide Bank FSB in the amount of $179,550. (ECF No. 62, 20 Ex. 1, 2.) The next month, Fannie Mae acquired the loan, which it continues to 21 own today. (ECF No. 67, Ex. 3.) Defendant Bank of America, N.A. (“BANA”) is the 22 loan servicer for Fannie Mae and the current beneficiary of record of the Deed of 23 Trust. (ECF No. 67, Ex. 4.) 24 The borrowers became delinquent on their loan in 2009. (ECF No. 67, Ex. 25 5.) Three Notices of Default were recorded against the property in 2010. (Id.) The 26 borrowers filed for bankruptcy in 2011, listing the property as one of their assets. 27 (ECF No. 67, Ex. 8.) The bankruptcy court issued a bankruptcy discharge as to 28 the borrowers on June 1, 2011. (ECF No. 67, Ex. 9.) 1 Because the borrowers also failed to pay HOA assessments, the HOA 2 foreclosed on the property in 2013. (ECF No. 67, Ex. 10, 11.) Plaintiff purchased 3 the property at the HOA foreclosure sale for $29,000. (ECF No. 67, Ex. 11.) 4 In 2014, Plaintiff commenced a quiet-title action against BANA and 5 recorded a lis pendens against the property, arguing that the HOA sale 6 extinguished the Deed of Trust held by BANA. (ECF No. 67, Ex. 12.) The state 7 court disagreed, finding the Plaintiff’s arguments failed because of the Housing 8 and Economic Recovery Act’s (“HERA”) Federal Foreclosure Bar, 12 U.S.C. § 9 4617(j)(3). (ECF No. 67, Ex. 3.) In 2020, the Nevada Supreme Court affirmed the 10 judgment. (ECF No. 67, Ex. 13.) 11 The current litigation stems from the 2022 Notice of Default recorded 12 against the property following the conclusion of the prior quiet-title action and 13 the lifting of COVID restrictions. (ECF No. 67, Ex. 4.) In September of 2022, 14 Plaintiff filed this action in state court and recorded a lis pendens against the 15 property. (ECF No. 1-1; ECF No. 67, Ex. 14.) BANA subsequently removed the 16 action to this Court. (ECF No. 1.) 17 On December 1, 2023, Defendants recorded a Notice of Sale and scheduled 18 a foreclosure sale of the property for January 12, 2024. (ECF No. 62, Ex. 5.) The 19 Notice of Sale provided that the amount in delinquency was $421,739.44. (Id.) A 20 payoff statement BANA provided to Plaintiff on December 13, 2023 reflects a 21 slightly different total of $423,884.82. (ECF No. 67, Ex. 16.) 22 On December 27, 2023, Plaintiff filed Emergency Motions for Temporary 23 Restraining Order and Preliminary Injunction (ECF Nos. 62, 63) seeking to enjoin 24 the foreclosure. Defendants filed their responses on January 3, 2024. (ECF Nos. 25 67, 68.) The Court held an oral argument on the motions on January 5, 2024. 26 II. DISCUSSION 27 Factually, this case is typical of many actions for quiet title concerning 28 homes in Nevada bought and sold at HOA foreclosure auctions during the fallout 1 of the 2008 housing crisis. Plaintiff purchased the property at issue here in a 2 HOA foreclosure sale for $29,000. In state court, the parties litigated the validity 3 of Defendants’ Deed of Trust following Plaintiff’s purchase, and Defendants 4 prevailed on summary judgment. Plaintiff then filed this action principally 5 arguing that Defendants’ interest in the property was extinguished by operation 6 of NRS 106.240. 7 This Court recently decided a case with strikingly similar facts: SFR Invs. 8 Pool 1, LLC v. Nationstar Mortg. LLC, No. 2:22-cv-2035-ART-BNW, 2023 WL 9 6311468 (D. Nev. Sept. 27, 2023). In SFR Invs. Pool 1, the Court denied injunctive 10 relief preventing foreclosure, finding that HERA includes an “anti-injunction” 11 provision that prohibited the relief the plaintiff sought. See 12 U.S.C. § 4617(f). 12 Because the facts of this case are sufficiently analogous, the Court makes the 13 same finding here. 14 Restraining orders and preliminary injunctions are “extraordinary 15 remed[ies] never awarded as of right.” Winter v. Nat. Res. Def. Council, Inc., 555 16 U.S. 7, 24 (2008). The legal standard for obtaining a temporary restraining order 17 and the legal standard for obtaining a preliminary injunction are “substantially 18 identical.” See Stuhlbarg Intern. Sales Co. v. John D. Bush and Co., 240 F.3d 832, 19 839 n.7 (9th Cir. 2001), overruled on other grounds by Winter, 555 U.S. at 20. The 20 Supreme Court clarified the standard for these forms of equitable relief in Winter, 21 instructing that the plaintiff “must establish that [it] is likely to succeed on the 22 merits, that [it] is likely to suffer irreparable harm in the absence of preliminary 23 relief, that the balance of equities tips in [its] favor, and that an injunction [or 24 restraining order] is in the public interest.” 555 U.S. at 20. The Ninth Circuit also 25 recognizes an additional standard: “if a plaintiff can only show that there are 26 ‘serious questions going to the merits’—a lesser showing than likelihood of 27 success on the merits—then a preliminary injunction may still issue if the 28 ‘balance of hardships tips sharply in the plaintiff’s favor, and the other two Winter 1 factors are satisfied.’” Shell Offshore, Inc. v. Greenpeace, Inc., 709 F.3d 1281, 1291 2 (9th Cir. 2013) (quoting Alliance for the Wild Rockies v. Cottrell, 632 F.3d 1127, 3 1135 (9th Cir. 2011)). 4 Before addressing the Winter factors, there is a threshold jurisdictional 5 question because the loan at issue here is owned by Fannie Mae. Neither party 6 contests that Defendants’ interest in the property is owned by Fannie Mae. (ECF 7 No. 67, Ex. 3.) As a response to the 2008 housing crisis, “Congress passed the 8 Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008 (‘HERA’), which . . . established the 9 Federal Housing Finance Agency (‘FHFA’), an independent agency charged with 10 supervising [Fannie Mae].” Cnty. of Sonoma v. Fed. Hous. Fin. Agency, 710 F.3d 11 987, 989 (9th Cir. 2013). HERA also granted the FHFA the power to place Fannie 12 Mae into conservatorship, which the FHFA did on September 6, 2008. Id.; see 13 also 12 U.S.C. § 4617(a)(2). 14 As conservator, the FHFA has separate statutory powers.
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1 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
2 DISTRICT OF NEVADA
3 TIM RADECKI, Case No. 2:22-cv-01726-ART-EJY
4 Plaintiff, ORDER v. 5 BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., et al., 6 Defendants. 7 8 This case involves a dispute over the validity of the parties’ claim to title 9 over a property located in Las Vegas, Nevada. On December 1, 2023, Defendants 10 recorded a Notice of Sale and scheduled a foreclosure sale of the property for 11 January 12, 2024. (ECF No. 62, Ex. 5.) Before the Court are Plaintiff Tim 12 Radecki’s Emergency Motions for Temporary Restraining Order and Preliminary 13 Injunction (ECF Nos. 62, 63) seeking to enjoin the foreclosure. Because federal 14 law precludes the injunctive relief Plaintiff requests, the Court denies Plaintiff’s 15 Emergency Motions. 16 I. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY 17 Non-party borrowers purchased the property at issue, 6507 Copper Smith 18 Court, North Las Vegas, NV 89084, in March of 2008, subject to a mortgage held 19 by non-party Countrywide Bank FSB in the amount of $179,550. (ECF No. 62, 20 Ex. 1, 2.) The next month, Fannie Mae acquired the loan, which it continues to 21 own today. (ECF No. 67, Ex. 3.) Defendant Bank of America, N.A. (“BANA”) is the 22 loan servicer for Fannie Mae and the current beneficiary of record of the Deed of 23 Trust. (ECF No. 67, Ex. 4.) 24 The borrowers became delinquent on their loan in 2009. (ECF No. 67, Ex. 25 5.) Three Notices of Default were recorded against the property in 2010. (Id.) The 26 borrowers filed for bankruptcy in 2011, listing the property as one of their assets. 27 (ECF No. 67, Ex. 8.) The bankruptcy court issued a bankruptcy discharge as to 28 the borrowers on June 1, 2011. (ECF No. 67, Ex. 9.) 1 Because the borrowers also failed to pay HOA assessments, the HOA 2 foreclosed on the property in 2013. (ECF No. 67, Ex. 10, 11.) Plaintiff purchased 3 the property at the HOA foreclosure sale for $29,000. (ECF No. 67, Ex. 11.) 4 In 2014, Plaintiff commenced a quiet-title action against BANA and 5 recorded a lis pendens against the property, arguing that the HOA sale 6 extinguished the Deed of Trust held by BANA. (ECF No. 67, Ex. 12.) The state 7 court disagreed, finding the Plaintiff’s arguments failed because of the Housing 8 and Economic Recovery Act’s (“HERA”) Federal Foreclosure Bar, 12 U.S.C. § 9 4617(j)(3). (ECF No. 67, Ex. 3.) In 2020, the Nevada Supreme Court affirmed the 10 judgment. (ECF No. 67, Ex. 13.) 11 The current litigation stems from the 2022 Notice of Default recorded 12 against the property following the conclusion of the prior quiet-title action and 13 the lifting of COVID restrictions. (ECF No. 67, Ex. 4.) In September of 2022, 14 Plaintiff filed this action in state court and recorded a lis pendens against the 15 property. (ECF No. 1-1; ECF No. 67, Ex. 14.) BANA subsequently removed the 16 action to this Court. (ECF No. 1.) 17 On December 1, 2023, Defendants recorded a Notice of Sale and scheduled 18 a foreclosure sale of the property for January 12, 2024. (ECF No. 62, Ex. 5.) The 19 Notice of Sale provided that the amount in delinquency was $421,739.44. (Id.) A 20 payoff statement BANA provided to Plaintiff on December 13, 2023 reflects a 21 slightly different total of $423,884.82. (ECF No. 67, Ex. 16.) 22 On December 27, 2023, Plaintiff filed Emergency Motions for Temporary 23 Restraining Order and Preliminary Injunction (ECF Nos. 62, 63) seeking to enjoin 24 the foreclosure. Defendants filed their responses on January 3, 2024. (ECF Nos. 25 67, 68.) The Court held an oral argument on the motions on January 5, 2024. 26 II. DISCUSSION 27 Factually, this case is typical of many actions for quiet title concerning 28 homes in Nevada bought and sold at HOA foreclosure auctions during the fallout 1 of the 2008 housing crisis. Plaintiff purchased the property at issue here in a 2 HOA foreclosure sale for $29,000. In state court, the parties litigated the validity 3 of Defendants’ Deed of Trust following Plaintiff’s purchase, and Defendants 4 prevailed on summary judgment. Plaintiff then filed this action principally 5 arguing that Defendants’ interest in the property was extinguished by operation 6 of NRS 106.240. 7 This Court recently decided a case with strikingly similar facts: SFR Invs. 8 Pool 1, LLC v. Nationstar Mortg. LLC, No. 2:22-cv-2035-ART-BNW, 2023 WL 9 6311468 (D. Nev. Sept. 27, 2023). In SFR Invs. Pool 1, the Court denied injunctive 10 relief preventing foreclosure, finding that HERA includes an “anti-injunction” 11 provision that prohibited the relief the plaintiff sought. See 12 U.S.C. § 4617(f). 12 Because the facts of this case are sufficiently analogous, the Court makes the 13 same finding here. 14 Restraining orders and preliminary injunctions are “extraordinary 15 remed[ies] never awarded as of right.” Winter v. Nat. Res. Def. Council, Inc., 555 16 U.S. 7, 24 (2008). The legal standard for obtaining a temporary restraining order 17 and the legal standard for obtaining a preliminary injunction are “substantially 18 identical.” See Stuhlbarg Intern. Sales Co. v. John D. Bush and Co., 240 F.3d 832, 19 839 n.7 (9th Cir. 2001), overruled on other grounds by Winter, 555 U.S. at 20. The 20 Supreme Court clarified the standard for these forms of equitable relief in Winter, 21 instructing that the plaintiff “must establish that [it] is likely to succeed on the 22 merits, that [it] is likely to suffer irreparable harm in the absence of preliminary 23 relief, that the balance of equities tips in [its] favor, and that an injunction [or 24 restraining order] is in the public interest.” 555 U.S. at 20. The Ninth Circuit also 25 recognizes an additional standard: “if a plaintiff can only show that there are 26 ‘serious questions going to the merits’—a lesser showing than likelihood of 27 success on the merits—then a preliminary injunction may still issue if the 28 ‘balance of hardships tips sharply in the plaintiff’s favor, and the other two Winter 1 factors are satisfied.’” Shell Offshore, Inc. v. Greenpeace, Inc., 709 F.3d 1281, 1291 2 (9th Cir. 2013) (quoting Alliance for the Wild Rockies v. Cottrell, 632 F.3d 1127, 3 1135 (9th Cir. 2011)). 4 Before addressing the Winter factors, there is a threshold jurisdictional 5 question because the loan at issue here is owned by Fannie Mae. Neither party 6 contests that Defendants’ interest in the property is owned by Fannie Mae. (ECF 7 No. 67, Ex. 3.) As a response to the 2008 housing crisis, “Congress passed the 8 Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008 (‘HERA’), which . . . established the 9 Federal Housing Finance Agency (‘FHFA’), an independent agency charged with 10 supervising [Fannie Mae].” Cnty. of Sonoma v. Fed. Hous. Fin. Agency, 710 F.3d 11 987, 989 (9th Cir. 2013). HERA also granted the FHFA the power to place Fannie 12 Mae into conservatorship, which the FHFA did on September 6, 2008. Id.; see 13 also 12 U.S.C. § 4617(a)(2). 14 As conservator, the FHFA has separate statutory powers. For example, 15 HERA authorizes the FHFA to take action “necessary to put the regulated entity 16 in a sound and solvent condition” and actions as may be appropriate to “preserve 17 and conserve the assets and property of the regulated entity.” 12 U.S.C. § 18 4617(b)(2)(D). Further, FHFA succeeds to “all . . . titles . . . of the regulated entity.” 19 12 U.S.C. § 4617(b)(2)(A). 20 HERA also “substantially limits judicial review of FHFA’s actions as 21 conservator.” Cnty. of Sonoma, 710 F.3d at 990; see also Saxton v. Fed. Hous. Fin. 22 Agency, 901 F.3d 954, 957 (8th Cir. 2018) (calling Section 4617(f) an “anti- 23 injunction provision”); Robinson v. Fed. Hous. Fin. Agency, 876 F.3d 220, 227 (6th 24 Cir. 2017) (referring to the statute’s “anti-injunction language”); Perry Cap. LLC 25 v. Mnuchin, 864 F.3d 591, 613–14 (D.C. Cir. 2017) (finding HERA limits judicial 26 remedies, including “injunctive, declaratory, and other equitable relief”); Jacobs 27 v. Fed. Hous. Fin. Agency, 908 F.3d 884, 894 (3d Cir. 2018) (concluding that 28 Section 4617(f) limits not only equitable relief, but also some monetary claims). 1 “Except as provided in this section or at the request of the Director, no court may 2 take any action to restrain or affect the exercise of powers or functions of the 3 Agency as a conservator.” 12 U.S.C. § 4617(f). Thus, if the action Plaintiff seeks 4 to enjoin here “is a lawful exercise of FHFA’s power as conservator of [Fannie 5 Mae], the courts have no jurisdiction over [Plaintiff’s] claims, and this [motion 6 must be denied].” Cnty. of Sonoma, 710 F.3d at 990 (vacating a district court’s 7 order granting a preliminary injunction of an FHFA directive). On the other hand, 8 section 4617(f) is “inapplicable when FHFA acts beyond the scope of its 9 conservator power.” Id. At 992. The question before the Court, then, is whether 10 foreclosing on a loan when the borrower is delinquent falls within FHFA’s 11 conservator powers. 12 The Court finds that foreclosure does fall within FHFA’s conservator 13 powers. HERA “grants the FHFA expansive authority in its role as a conservator. 14 . . . [T]he [FHFA] is authorized to take control of a regulated entity's assets and 15 operations, conduct business on its behalf, and transfer or sell any of its assets 16 or liabilities.” Collins v. Yellen, 141 S. Ct. 1761, 1776 (2021) (citing 12 U.S.C. §§ 17 4617(b)(2)(B)–(C), (G)). “When the FHFA exercises these powers, its actions must 18 be ‘necessary to put the regulated entity in a sound and solvent condition’ and 19 must be ‘appropriate to carry on the business of the regulated entity and preserve 20 and conserve [its] assets and property.’” Id. (quoting 12 U.S.C. § 4617(b)(2)(D)). 21 Here, Fannie Mae’s loan has been in default since 2009. As conservator, 22 the FHFA assumes Fannie Mae’s assets and liabilities, including the loan at issue 23 here. 12 U.S.C. § 4617(b)(2)(A). HERA grants the FHFA, through Fannie Mae, the 24 power to transfer or sell any of its assets or liabilities. 12 U.S.C. § 4617(b)(2)(G). 25 So long as the action taken puts Fannie Mae “in a sound and solvent condition” 26 and helps to “preserve and conserve” Fannie Mae’s assets and property, the 27 action is within the FHFA’s statutory powers as conservator. 12 U.S.C. § 28 4617(b)(2)(D). Foreclosure on the property to collect on obligations due to Fannie 1 || Mae is a valid exercise of the FHFA’s powers as conservator under HERA to 2 || preserve and conserve Fannie Mae’s asset. Thus, this Court has no jurisdiction 3 || to enjoin the foreclosure. 4 The Court need not analyze Plaintiffs Emergency Motions under the Winter 5 || factors because of HERA’s anti-injunction provision and makes no conclusions 6 || on those arguments or any other arguments Plaintiff raised. Accordingly, 7 || Plaintiffs Emergency Motions for Temporary Restraining Order and Preliminary 8 || Injunction are denied. IV. CONCLUSION 10 The Court denies Plaintiffs Emergency Motion for Temporary Restraining 11 || Order (ECF No. 62) and Plaintiffs Emergency Motion for Preliminary Injunction 12 || (ECF No. 63). 13 The parties are directed to file a joint status report within 14 days of this 14 || decision concerning the status of the foreclosure and the effect of any foreclosure 15 || on Plaintiffs remaining claims and the pending Motion to Dismiss. 16 17 DATED THIS 11 day of January 2024. 18 oan 19 2 fous Voted om ANNE R. TRAUM 20 UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28