Purgatoire River Water Conservancy District v. Kuiper

593 P.2d 333, 197 Colo. 200, 1979 Colo. LEXIS 637
CourtSupreme Court of Colorado
DecidedMarch 5, 1979
Docket27962
StatusPublished
Cited by4 cases

This text of 593 P.2d 333 (Purgatoire River Water Conservancy District v. Kuiper) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of Colorado primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Purgatoire River Water Conservancy District v. Kuiper, 593 P.2d 333, 197 Colo. 200, 1979 Colo. LEXIS 637 (Colo. 1979).

Opinions

MR. JUSTICE GROVES

delivered the opinion of the Court.

This proceeding relates to the administration of certain water rights by reason of the construction and operation of the Trinidad Project. We reverse.

The Trinidad Project consists of an on-stream dam and a 114,000 acre foot reservoir (TRINIDAD RESERVOIR) on the Purgatoire River approximately four miles upstream from the City of Trinidad. This is a multi-use flood control, reclamation and recreation project authorized by Congress in 19581 under the Flood Control Act of 1944.2 The corps of [203]*203engineers and the Bureau of Reclamation had engaged in planning the project since 1937. The dam was completed and the reservoir ready for the impoundment of water on January 1, 1976.3

IDENTIFICATIONS

The MODEL RESERVOIR, which takes its water from the Purgatoire River (here called the “river”), is located downstream from Trinidad. It was owned by the Model Land and Irrigation Company. There was decreed to the Model Reservoir for annual storage 20,000 acre feet of water with priority date of January 22, 1908. This is called the “MODEL STORAGE RIGHT.”

The “DISTRICT” is the Purgatoire River Water Conservancy District. In 1960 it was organized under the Colorado Water Conservancy Act4 upon petition of the “PROJECT DITCHES,” which are ten ditch companies or the ditches owned by them. Among the reasons for its creation and existence were and are: (1) to contract with the United States in connection with the construction and operation of the Trinidad Project; (2) to own the Model Storage Right for the benefit of the users of the Project ditches; and (3) to direct the distribution among the Project ditches of all of their direct flow rights, as well as all storage rights of the District.

The Project ditches divert their water from the Purgatoire River below the Trinidad Dam. They are upstream from the ditches “Highland” mentioned below. These ditches, together with the District, are the plaintiffs-appellants here.

The defendants-appellees Highland Irrigation Company and Nine Mile Canal Co. are referred to collectively as “HIGHLAND.” They have direct flow rights for water diverted from the Purgatoire River more than 75 miles downstream from the Trinidad Dam. .The intervenor-defendantsappellees Amity Mutual Irrigation Company and the Fort Lyon Canal Company (here called “AMITY” and “FORT LYON” respectively) take water from the Arkansas River at points below its confluence with the Purgatoire River. Their water priorities are junior to those of Highland. Return flows from the irrigation of land under Highland supply water for the water rights of Amity and Fort Lyon. Therefore, anything that benefits Highland in this case also benefits Amity and Fort Lyon.

The following gages are on the river. The MADRID GAGE on the river is just above the Trinidad Reservoir. The R-BAR GAGE is on the [204]*204river 25 or 30 miles below the dam. It is below the headgates of the District ditches. The THATCHER GAGE, also on the river, is about 30 miles downstream from the R-Bar Gage. This record discloses that all return flow to the river from irrigation under the Project ditches returns to the river upstream from the Thatcher Gage.

PRIORITIES

Of the decreed rights of the Project ditches, 83.44 c.f.s. (cubic feet per second of time) are senior to the rights of Highland. The Model Storage Right is junior to the Highland rights.

FURTHER FACTS

Historically, in addition to use during the irrigation season, the Project ditches and the Highland have been used for winter irrigation. This has been necessitated by the fact that there has not been a sufficient and steady flow of water during the irrigation season. Winter irrigation is a difficult, less efficient method of irrigation. If possible, a much preferable operation is to store the direct flow winter water and use it later in the year.

It was a part of the plan of the Trinidad Project that the Model Storage Right be transferred to the District and the place of storage be changed to the Trinidad Reservoir, effective at the time of its completion. Then, the winter direct flow rights of the Project ditches would be held in storage in the Trinidad Reservoir for use as needed in the spring and summer.5

KEY DOCUMENTS

Some of the principal documents in this case are:

1. House Document No. 325. Footnote 1, supra.

2. Contract between the United States and the District dated February 10, 1967 for the construction and payment for the Trinidad Dam and reservoir.6

3. Decree of the district court dated March 20, 1967 confirming that contract.

4. “Operating Principies-Trinidad Dam and Reservoir Project,” here called the Operating Principles.

5. Decree of the District Court of Las Animas County, Colorado dated April 15, 1965, changing the place of storage of the Model Reservoir Right and providing that storage at the new location would be “conducted in accordance with . . . conditions of operation . . . prescribed by [205]*205House Document 325 ... as implemented by . . . the ‘Operating Principies-Trinidad Dam and Reservoir Project’”.

THE PLAN OF THE PROJECT

The lands irrigated by the Project ditches consist of 19,717 acres. Studies leading to the adoption of House Document No. 325 indicated that, by reason of the erratic flows of the Purgatoire River, only about 63% of optimum plant growth on these Project lands (i.e., the 19,717 acres) had been obtained historically. The Project was intended to increase this optimum beneficial use of water to 84%. To accomplish this, as already mentioned, the plan contemplated change of the Model Storage Right to the Trinidad Reservoir and the storage there of the winter direct flow water of the Project ditches. Winter direct flow irrigation of the Project lands would be terminated. All water used under the District’s rights to storage and under all of the Project ditches would be administered by the District without regard to the respective priorities of the individual Project ditches.

COURT PROCEEDINGS

On December 3, 1976 the court in the proceedings to change the Model Storage Right entered an order which recited “that the Trinidad Dam has been finally constructed and will be ready for operation on or about January 1, 1977.” Accordingly, the District prepared to close the gates of the dam and to commence storage on January 1, 1977. Highland then made a “call” to the Division Engineer of Water Division No. 2, demanding that he enforce their water priority rights which are senior to the Model Storage Right. Acting thereon, and after consultation with the State Engineer, the Division Engineer on December 29, 1976 entered an order forbidding storage in the reservoir. This order stated.

“In the event the downstream calling senior water rights become satisfied or remove their call, the model decree comes in priority, let Trinidad store in accordance with the transferred decree.”

On January 3, 1977 the District brought this action against the state water officials and Highland asking that the officials be enjoined from honoring the Highland call.

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Purgatoire River Water Conservancy District v. Kuiper
593 P.2d 333 (Supreme Court of Colorado, 1979)

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Bluebook (online)
593 P.2d 333, 197 Colo. 200, 1979 Colo. LEXIS 637, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/purgatoire-river-water-conservancy-district-v-kuiper-colo-1979.