1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 DAVID WESTON CRAMER, No. 2:24-cv-01982-DJC-CKD PS 12 Plaintiff, ORDER GRANTING IFP REQUEST AND GRANTING LEAVE TO AMEND 13 v.
14 EL DORADO SUPERIOR COURT, et al., (ECF Nos. 1, 2.) 15 Defendants. 16
17 18 Plaintiff David Weston Cramer is representing himself in this action and seeks leave to 19 proceed in forma pauperis (“IFP”) pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915.1 (ECF Nos. 1, 2.) Plaintiff’s 20 application in support of the IFP request makes the required financial showing. Accordingly, the 21 court grants Plaintiff’s IFP request. 22 The determination that a plaintiff may proceed IFP does not complete the required 23 inquiry, however. Pursuant to the IFP statute, federal courts must screen IFP complaints and 24 dismiss the case if the action is “frivolous or malicious,” “fails to state a claim on which relief 25 may be granted,” or seeks monetary relief against an immune defendant. 28 U.S.C. 26 § 1915(e)(2)(B); Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1126-27 (9th Cir. 2000) (en banc) 27 1 This action proceeds before the undersigned pursuant to Local Rule 302(c)(21) and 28 U.S.C. 28 § 636(b)(1). 1 (“[S]ection 1915(e) not only permits but requires a district court to dismiss an [IFP] complaint 2 that fails to state a claim.”). 3 SCREENING STANDARD 4 To avoid dismissal for failure to state a claim, a complaint must contain more than “naked 5 assertions,” “labels and conclusions,” or “a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of 6 action.” Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555-57 (2007). In other words, 7 “[t]hreadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported by mere conclusory 8 statements do not suffice.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009). Furthermore, relief 9 cannot be granted for a claim that lacks facial plausibility. Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570. “A claim 10 has facial plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the 11 reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.” Iqbal, 556 U.S. 12 at 678. When considering whether a complaint states a claim upon which relief can be granted, 13 the court must accept the well-pled factual allegations as true, Erickson v. Pardus, 551 U.S. 89, 94 14 (2007), and construe the complaint in the light most favorable to the plaintiff, see Papasan v. 15 Allain, 478 U.S. 265, 283 (1986). 16 In addition, Rule 8 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure requires pleadings to include: 17 (1) “a short and plain statement of the grounds for the court’s jurisdiction” and (2) “a short and 18 plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a). 19 The court must dismiss a case if, at any time, it determines that it lacks subject-matter 20 jurisdiction. Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(h)(3). A federal district court generally has jurisdiction over a 21 civil action when (1) a federal question is presented in an action “arising under the Constitution, 22 laws, or treaties of the United States” or (2) there is complete diversity of citizenship between the 23 parties and the amount in controversy exceeds $75,000. See 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331, 1332(a). 24 Pleadings by self-represented litigants are liberally construed. Hebbe v. Pliler, 627 F.3d 25 338, 342 & n.7 (9th Cir. 2010) (liberal construction appropriate even post–Iqbal). Unless it is 26 clear that no amendment can cure the defects of a complaint, a self-represented plaintiff 27 proceeding IFP is ordinarily entitled to notice and an opportunity to amend before dismissal. See 28 Lopez, 203 F.3d at 1130-31. Nevertheless, if amendment would be futile, no leave to amend need 1 be given. Cahill v. Liberty Mut. Ins. Co., 80 F.3d 336, 339 (9th Cir. 1996). 2 THE COMPLAINT 3 Plaintiff’s two-page complaint against Defendants El Dorado Superior Court, El Dorado 4 County, and Auburn Lake Trails HOA is minimal and difficult to comprehend. It appears that 5 Plaintiff’s action arises from a seizure of Plaintiff’s property. Plaintiff alleges “an El Dorado 6 County Sheriff’s deputy” “made an unlawful seizure of Plaintiff’s property” and that while 7 investigating the incident the El Dorado County Sheriff’s Deputy “would not get out of his car” 8 “to verify the stolen property had been on the Plaintiff’s property.” (ECF No. 1 at 2.) Plaintiff 9 further alleges that El Dorado County employees “made multiple false statements while 10 investigating the incident.” (Id. at 3.) Plaintiff asserts a “Placer County Superior Court judge, in 11 violation of the due process clause, denied Plaintiff’s claim to his property by incorrectly 12 concluding the property had no value and he could not prove what cause the tumor in his dog’s 13 toe” and that the Auburn Lake Trails “cited and followed the Superior Court ruling.” (Id.) As a 14 basis for federal court jurisdiction, Plaintiff asserts a civil rights violation pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 15 1983. (Id. at 2.) As relief, Plaintiff request $333,000 “plus legal fees and any damages the Court 16 finds reasonable.” (Id. at 3.) 17 ANALYSIS 18 “[M]unicipalities and other local government units ... [are] among those persons to whom 19 § 1983 applies.” Monell v. Dep't of Soc. Servs., 436 U.S. 658, 690 (1978). However, “a 20 municipality can be liable under § 1983 only where its policies are the ‘moving force [behind] the 21 constitutional violation.’” City of Canton v. Harris, 489 U.S. 378, 389 (1989) (alteration in 22 original) (quoting Monell, 436 U.S. at 694 and Polk County. v. Dodson, 454 U.S. 312, 326 23 (1981)). There must be “a direct causal link between a municipal policy or custom and the alleged 24 constitutional deprivation.” Id. at 385. Here, to assert municipal liability against Defendant El 25 Dorado County, Plaintiff must allege that the constitutional deprivation complained of resulted 26 from a policy or custom of the municipality. In the current complaint, Plaintiff fails to identify 27 any custom or policy of the El Dorado County which resulted in the alleged constitutional 28 deprivation. Accordingly, Plaintiff has not properly plead a § 11983 claim against the El Dorado 1 County. 2 Additionally, Plaintiff brings this action against the El Dorado Superior Court.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 DAVID WESTON CRAMER, No. 2:24-cv-01982-DJC-CKD PS 12 Plaintiff, ORDER GRANTING IFP REQUEST AND GRANTING LEAVE TO AMEND 13 v.
14 EL DORADO SUPERIOR COURT, et al., (ECF Nos. 1, 2.) 15 Defendants. 16
17 18 Plaintiff David Weston Cramer is representing himself in this action and seeks leave to 19 proceed in forma pauperis (“IFP”) pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915.1 (ECF Nos. 1, 2.) Plaintiff’s 20 application in support of the IFP request makes the required financial showing. Accordingly, the 21 court grants Plaintiff’s IFP request. 22 The determination that a plaintiff may proceed IFP does not complete the required 23 inquiry, however. Pursuant to the IFP statute, federal courts must screen IFP complaints and 24 dismiss the case if the action is “frivolous or malicious,” “fails to state a claim on which relief 25 may be granted,” or seeks monetary relief against an immune defendant. 28 U.S.C. 26 § 1915(e)(2)(B); Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1126-27 (9th Cir. 2000) (en banc) 27 1 This action proceeds before the undersigned pursuant to Local Rule 302(c)(21) and 28 U.S.C. 28 § 636(b)(1). 1 (“[S]ection 1915(e) not only permits but requires a district court to dismiss an [IFP] complaint 2 that fails to state a claim.”). 3 SCREENING STANDARD 4 To avoid dismissal for failure to state a claim, a complaint must contain more than “naked 5 assertions,” “labels and conclusions,” or “a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of 6 action.” Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555-57 (2007). In other words, 7 “[t]hreadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported by mere conclusory 8 statements do not suffice.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009). Furthermore, relief 9 cannot be granted for a claim that lacks facial plausibility. Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570. “A claim 10 has facial plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the 11 reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.” Iqbal, 556 U.S. 12 at 678. When considering whether a complaint states a claim upon which relief can be granted, 13 the court must accept the well-pled factual allegations as true, Erickson v. Pardus, 551 U.S. 89, 94 14 (2007), and construe the complaint in the light most favorable to the plaintiff, see Papasan v. 15 Allain, 478 U.S. 265, 283 (1986). 16 In addition, Rule 8 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure requires pleadings to include: 17 (1) “a short and plain statement of the grounds for the court’s jurisdiction” and (2) “a short and 18 plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a). 19 The court must dismiss a case if, at any time, it determines that it lacks subject-matter 20 jurisdiction. Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(h)(3). A federal district court generally has jurisdiction over a 21 civil action when (1) a federal question is presented in an action “arising under the Constitution, 22 laws, or treaties of the United States” or (2) there is complete diversity of citizenship between the 23 parties and the amount in controversy exceeds $75,000. See 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331, 1332(a). 24 Pleadings by self-represented litigants are liberally construed. Hebbe v. Pliler, 627 F.3d 25 338, 342 & n.7 (9th Cir. 2010) (liberal construction appropriate even post–Iqbal). Unless it is 26 clear that no amendment can cure the defects of a complaint, a self-represented plaintiff 27 proceeding IFP is ordinarily entitled to notice and an opportunity to amend before dismissal. See 28 Lopez, 203 F.3d at 1130-31. Nevertheless, if amendment would be futile, no leave to amend need 1 be given. Cahill v. Liberty Mut. Ins. Co., 80 F.3d 336, 339 (9th Cir. 1996). 2 THE COMPLAINT 3 Plaintiff’s two-page complaint against Defendants El Dorado Superior Court, El Dorado 4 County, and Auburn Lake Trails HOA is minimal and difficult to comprehend. It appears that 5 Plaintiff’s action arises from a seizure of Plaintiff’s property. Plaintiff alleges “an El Dorado 6 County Sheriff’s deputy” “made an unlawful seizure of Plaintiff’s property” and that while 7 investigating the incident the El Dorado County Sheriff’s Deputy “would not get out of his car” 8 “to verify the stolen property had been on the Plaintiff’s property.” (ECF No. 1 at 2.) Plaintiff 9 further alleges that El Dorado County employees “made multiple false statements while 10 investigating the incident.” (Id. at 3.) Plaintiff asserts a “Placer County Superior Court judge, in 11 violation of the due process clause, denied Plaintiff’s claim to his property by incorrectly 12 concluding the property had no value and he could not prove what cause the tumor in his dog’s 13 toe” and that the Auburn Lake Trails “cited and followed the Superior Court ruling.” (Id.) As a 14 basis for federal court jurisdiction, Plaintiff asserts a civil rights violation pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 15 1983. (Id. at 2.) As relief, Plaintiff request $333,000 “plus legal fees and any damages the Court 16 finds reasonable.” (Id. at 3.) 17 ANALYSIS 18 “[M]unicipalities and other local government units ... [are] among those persons to whom 19 § 1983 applies.” Monell v. Dep't of Soc. Servs., 436 U.S. 658, 690 (1978). However, “a 20 municipality can be liable under § 1983 only where its policies are the ‘moving force [behind] the 21 constitutional violation.’” City of Canton v. Harris, 489 U.S. 378, 389 (1989) (alteration in 22 original) (quoting Monell, 436 U.S. at 694 and Polk County. v. Dodson, 454 U.S. 312, 326 23 (1981)). There must be “a direct causal link between a municipal policy or custom and the alleged 24 constitutional deprivation.” Id. at 385. Here, to assert municipal liability against Defendant El 25 Dorado County, Plaintiff must allege that the constitutional deprivation complained of resulted 26 from a policy or custom of the municipality. In the current complaint, Plaintiff fails to identify 27 any custom or policy of the El Dorado County which resulted in the alleged constitutional 28 deprivation. Accordingly, Plaintiff has not properly plead a § 11983 claim against the El Dorado 1 County. 2 Additionally, Plaintiff brings this action against the El Dorado Superior Court. However, 3 Plaintiff cannot state a claim under § 1983 against the El Dorado Superior Court. Superior courts 4 are arms of the state for purposes of the Eleventh Amendment. Simmons v. Sacramento Cnty. 5 Super. Ct., 318 F.3d 1156, 1161 (9th Cir. 2003). As such, superior courts are entitled to Eleventh 6 Amendment immunity. Id.; see also Greater L.A. Council on Deafness v. Zolin, 812 F.2d 1103, 7 1110 (9th Cir. 1987) (“We conclude that a suit against the Superior Court is a suit against the 8 State, barred by the eleventh amendment.”). As such, Plaintiff's claims against the El Dorado 9 Superior Court are barred. 10 Lastly, as to the remaining defendant, Plaintiff fails to show that Defendant Auburn Lake 11 Trails HOA acted under the color of state law. Private action, no matter how wrongful, is not 12 actionable under § 1983. See Holly v. Scott, 434 F.3d 287, 291-92 (4th Cir. 2006); Van Strum v. 13 Lawn, 940 F.2d 406, 409 (9th Cir. 1991). Thus, private parties do not generally act under color of 14 state law for purposes of 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Price v. Hawaii, 939 F.2d 702, 707-08 (9th Cir. 15 1991). If Plaintiff chooses to amend, he must state more than conclusory allegations against 16 Defendant Auburn Lake Trails HOA, who appears to be a private party. See Simmons, 318 F.3d 17 at 1161 (conclusory allegations insufficient to consider a private party a state actor for purposes 18 of § 1983); Price v. Hawaii, 939 F.2d 702, 707–09 (9th Cir. 1991) (same). 19 LEAVE TO AMEND 20 In light of Plaintiff’s self-represented status, and because it is at least conceivable that 21 Plaintiff could allege additional facts to potentially state a claim for relief, the court finds it 22 appropriate to grant Plaintiff an opportunity to amend the complaint. See Lopez, 203 F.3d at 23 1130 (“leave to amend should be granted if it appears at all possible that the plaintiff can correct 24 the defect”) (cleaned up). If Plaintiff elects to file an amended complaint, this new pleading shall 25 be captioned as the “First Amended Complaint” and shall cure the jurisdictional defects explained 26 above. 27 Plaintiff is informed that the court cannot refer to a prior complaint or other filing in order 28 to make Plaintiff’s first amended complaint complete. Local Rule 220 requires that an amended 1 | complaint be complete in itself without reference to any prior pleading. As a general rule, an 2 || amended complaint supersedes the original complaint, and once the first amended complaint is 3 || filed, the original complaint no longer serves any function in the case. 4 Finally, although failure to file an amended complaint in accordance with this order will 5 || result in a recommendation that this action be dismissed, nothing in this order requires Plaintiff to 6 || file a first amended complaint. If plaintiff determines that he is unable to amend his complaint in 7 || compliance with the court’s order, he may alternatively file a notice of voluntary dismissal of his 8 | claims without prejudice pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(a)(1)(A)(a). 9 Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that: 10 1. Plaintiff's motion to proceed in forma pauperis (ECF No. 2) is GRANTED; 11 2. Within 30 days of this order, Plaintiff shall file either (a) a first amended complaint in 12 accordance with this order, or (b) a notice of voluntary dismissal of the action; and 13 3. Failure to file either a first amended complaint or a notice of voluntary dismissal by this 14 deadline may result in the imposition of sanctions, including potential dismissal of the 15 action with prejudice pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(b). 16 || Dated: September 30, 2024 / 20 } it | Ld □ sia 7 CAROLYN K DELANEY 18 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 19 4, cram1982.24 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28