F I L E D United States Court of Appeals Tenth Circuit UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS APR 27 1999 TENTH CIRCUIT PATRICK FISHER Clerk
LYNN S. PRIEST,
Petitioner-Appellant, No. 97-1394 v. (D.C. No. 96-B-216) RICHARD MARR and the (District of Colorado) ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE STATE OF COLORADO,
Respondents-Appellees.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before TACHA , BARRETT , and HENRY , Circuit Judges.
In 1987, a jury convicted Mr. Priest of murder in the first degree and a
crime of violence, for which he was sentenced to life in prison. Mr. Priest has
filed numerous petitions in Colorado state courts for post-conviction relief.
The instant appeal stems from Mr. Priest’s federal habeas petition filed in
* This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3. United States District Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254. The district court
denied habeas relief. We exercise jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2253. As
Mr. Priest petitioned for habeas relief before April 24, 1996, the provisions of the
Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (AEDPA), Pub. L. No.
104-132, 110 Stat. 1214 (1996), do not apply. See Lindh v. Murphy , 117 S.Ct.
2059, 2068 (1997).
We affirm.
DISCUSSION
Mr. Priest argues that he is entitled to habeas relief because he was denied
effective assistance of counsel in violation of the Sixth Amendment. He
specifically finds error in his trial counsel’s decision not to pursue a voluntary
intoxication defense, and in his trial counsel’s failure to object to certain
statements by the prosecutor in closing argument. He also argues that, in light of
evidence regarding the voluntary intoxication defense that was not presented to
the state courts, his ineffective assistance of counsel claim is partly unexhausted.
In light of these arguments, Mr. Priest seeks three alternative forms of
relief. He first argues that this court should hold his case in abeyance, pending
final resolution of a second post-conviction motion in the Colorado state courts.
2 We need not address this first requested form of relief. The Colorado Supreme
Court has recently denied Mr. Priest’s petition for certiorari in that second state
post-conviction proceeding, and, as a result, his request that we hold this case in
abeyance is now moot. See Priest v. People No. 98 SC365 (Order filed Dec. 8,
1998). Alternatively, Mr. Priest argues that this court should remand the case to
the district court, where he “would get to elect between deleting the unexhausted
claim and proceeding with just the exhausted claims, or allowing dismissal of the
entire petition without prejudice.” Aplt’s Br. at 20. Thirdly, in the event that this
court decides to reach the merits of his claim, Mr. Priest argues that we should
conclude that he received ineffective assistance of counsel and reverse the
district court’s decision.
We begin by addressing Mr. Priest’s exhaustion argument. Because we
conclude that Mr. Priest has exhausted his claim, we then proceed to the merits.
I. Exhaustion
In support of his argument that his ineffective assistance of counsel claim
is partially unexhausted, Mr Priest invokes our decision in Demarest v. Price,
130 F.3d 922 (10th Cir. 1997). In that case, we applied the requirement that a
state prisoner must “‘fairly present’ his or her claims to the state courts before a
federal court will examine them.” Id. at 932 (quoting Picard v. Connor, 404 U.S.
3 270, 275 (1971)). The fair presentation requirement means that the substance of
a habeas claim must first be raised in the state courts. “[A]lthough a habeas
petitioner will be allowed to present bits of evidence to a federal court that were
not presented to the state court that first considered his claim, evidence that
places the claims in a significantly different legal posture must first be presented
to the state courts.” Id. (internal citations and quotations omitted).
In Demarest, we concluded that a habeas petitioner had not fairly presented
an ineffective assistance of counsel claim to the state courts. In a federal court
hearing, the habeas petitioner presented important evidence that had not been
submitted to the state courts: testimony from two key fact witnesses changing
their account of certain events surrounding the crime and new expert opinion that
substantially weakened the state’s case. The new testimony rendered the claim
unexhausted.
In this case, Mr. Priest argues that an affidavit that he submitted to the
district court is analogous to the new evidence presented at the federal
evidentiary hearing in Demarest. The affidavit in question is signed by Dr. Gary
G. Forrest, a psychologist and an expert on intoxication. In the affidavit, Dr.
Forrest states that, on the night of the murder, Mr. Priest was impaired by alcohol
and that, when Mr. Priest shot the victim, there was “an appreciable chance” that
“he was acting on an impulse and not as the result of deliberation.” See Rec.
4 doc. 35 Att. I at ¶ 8. Mr. Priest argues that Dr. Forrest’s affidavit demonstrates
the importance of the voluntary intoxication defense as well as trial counsel’s
ineffectiveness in failing to adequately investigate the defense and pursue it at
Mr. Priest’s state court murder trial.
In our view, Dr. Forrest’s affidavit is distinguishable from the new
evidence offered in the federal court evidentiary hearing in Demarest in that the
affidavit does not place Mr. Priest’s ineffective assistance of counsel claim “in a
significantly different and stronger posture than it was when the state courts
considered it.” Jones v. Hess, 681 F.2d 688, 694 (10th Cir. 1982). At the state
court evidentiary hearing on Mr. Priest’s post-conviction motion, Mr. Priest’s
trial counsel testified as to the strategic reasons for declining to present a
voluntary intoxication defense to the jury and for arguing instead that Mr. Priest
acted in self-defense. Dr Forrest’s affidavit does not undermine that strategic
assessment and therefore, unlike the new evidence in Demarest, it does not render
Mr. Priest’s ineffective assistance of counsel claim unexhausted.
Accordingly, because Mr. Priest has fairly presented his claim to the
Colorado state courts, we proceed to the merits.
II. The Merits
Mr. Priest first alleges that he was denied effective assistance of counsel, in
5 violation of the Sixth Amendment. To prevail in this claim, he must show
that counsel’s performance was deficient. This requires showing that counsel made errors so serious that counsel was not functioning as the ‘counsel’ guaranteed the defendant by the Sixth Amendment. Second, the defendant must show that the deficient performance prejudiced the defense.
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F I L E D United States Court of Appeals Tenth Circuit UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS APR 27 1999 TENTH CIRCUIT PATRICK FISHER Clerk
LYNN S. PRIEST,
Petitioner-Appellant, No. 97-1394 v. (D.C. No. 96-B-216) RICHARD MARR and the (District of Colorado) ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE STATE OF COLORADO,
Respondents-Appellees.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before TACHA , BARRETT , and HENRY , Circuit Judges.
In 1987, a jury convicted Mr. Priest of murder in the first degree and a
crime of violence, for which he was sentenced to life in prison. Mr. Priest has
filed numerous petitions in Colorado state courts for post-conviction relief.
The instant appeal stems from Mr. Priest’s federal habeas petition filed in
* This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3. United States District Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254. The district court
denied habeas relief. We exercise jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2253. As
Mr. Priest petitioned for habeas relief before April 24, 1996, the provisions of the
Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (AEDPA), Pub. L. No.
104-132, 110 Stat. 1214 (1996), do not apply. See Lindh v. Murphy , 117 S.Ct.
2059, 2068 (1997).
We affirm.
DISCUSSION
Mr. Priest argues that he is entitled to habeas relief because he was denied
effective assistance of counsel in violation of the Sixth Amendment. He
specifically finds error in his trial counsel’s decision not to pursue a voluntary
intoxication defense, and in his trial counsel’s failure to object to certain
statements by the prosecutor in closing argument. He also argues that, in light of
evidence regarding the voluntary intoxication defense that was not presented to
the state courts, his ineffective assistance of counsel claim is partly unexhausted.
In light of these arguments, Mr. Priest seeks three alternative forms of
relief. He first argues that this court should hold his case in abeyance, pending
final resolution of a second post-conviction motion in the Colorado state courts.
2 We need not address this first requested form of relief. The Colorado Supreme
Court has recently denied Mr. Priest’s petition for certiorari in that second state
post-conviction proceeding, and, as a result, his request that we hold this case in
abeyance is now moot. See Priest v. People No. 98 SC365 (Order filed Dec. 8,
1998). Alternatively, Mr. Priest argues that this court should remand the case to
the district court, where he “would get to elect between deleting the unexhausted
claim and proceeding with just the exhausted claims, or allowing dismissal of the
entire petition without prejudice.” Aplt’s Br. at 20. Thirdly, in the event that this
court decides to reach the merits of his claim, Mr. Priest argues that we should
conclude that he received ineffective assistance of counsel and reverse the
district court’s decision.
We begin by addressing Mr. Priest’s exhaustion argument. Because we
conclude that Mr. Priest has exhausted his claim, we then proceed to the merits.
I. Exhaustion
In support of his argument that his ineffective assistance of counsel claim
is partially unexhausted, Mr Priest invokes our decision in Demarest v. Price,
130 F.3d 922 (10th Cir. 1997). In that case, we applied the requirement that a
state prisoner must “‘fairly present’ his or her claims to the state courts before a
federal court will examine them.” Id. at 932 (quoting Picard v. Connor, 404 U.S.
3 270, 275 (1971)). The fair presentation requirement means that the substance of
a habeas claim must first be raised in the state courts. “[A]lthough a habeas
petitioner will be allowed to present bits of evidence to a federal court that were
not presented to the state court that first considered his claim, evidence that
places the claims in a significantly different legal posture must first be presented
to the state courts.” Id. (internal citations and quotations omitted).
In Demarest, we concluded that a habeas petitioner had not fairly presented
an ineffective assistance of counsel claim to the state courts. In a federal court
hearing, the habeas petitioner presented important evidence that had not been
submitted to the state courts: testimony from two key fact witnesses changing
their account of certain events surrounding the crime and new expert opinion that
substantially weakened the state’s case. The new testimony rendered the claim
unexhausted.
In this case, Mr. Priest argues that an affidavit that he submitted to the
district court is analogous to the new evidence presented at the federal
evidentiary hearing in Demarest. The affidavit in question is signed by Dr. Gary
G. Forrest, a psychologist and an expert on intoxication. In the affidavit, Dr.
Forrest states that, on the night of the murder, Mr. Priest was impaired by alcohol
and that, when Mr. Priest shot the victim, there was “an appreciable chance” that
“he was acting on an impulse and not as the result of deliberation.” See Rec.
4 doc. 35 Att. I at ¶ 8. Mr. Priest argues that Dr. Forrest’s affidavit demonstrates
the importance of the voluntary intoxication defense as well as trial counsel’s
ineffectiveness in failing to adequately investigate the defense and pursue it at
Mr. Priest’s state court murder trial.
In our view, Dr. Forrest’s affidavit is distinguishable from the new
evidence offered in the federal court evidentiary hearing in Demarest in that the
affidavit does not place Mr. Priest’s ineffective assistance of counsel claim “in a
significantly different and stronger posture than it was when the state courts
considered it.” Jones v. Hess, 681 F.2d 688, 694 (10th Cir. 1982). At the state
court evidentiary hearing on Mr. Priest’s post-conviction motion, Mr. Priest’s
trial counsel testified as to the strategic reasons for declining to present a
voluntary intoxication defense to the jury and for arguing instead that Mr. Priest
acted in self-defense. Dr Forrest’s affidavit does not undermine that strategic
assessment and therefore, unlike the new evidence in Demarest, it does not render
Mr. Priest’s ineffective assistance of counsel claim unexhausted.
Accordingly, because Mr. Priest has fairly presented his claim to the
Colorado state courts, we proceed to the merits.
II. The Merits
Mr. Priest first alleges that he was denied effective assistance of counsel, in
5 violation of the Sixth Amendment. To prevail in this claim, he must show
that counsel’s performance was deficient. This requires showing that counsel made errors so serious that counsel was not functioning as the ‘counsel’ guaranteed the defendant by the Sixth Amendment. Second, the defendant must show that the deficient performance prejudiced the defense. This requires showing that counsel's errors were so serious as to deprive the defendant of a fair trial, a trial whose result is reliable.
Strickland v. Washington , 466 U.S. 668, 687 (1984).
As we have noted, the district court found that the defense counsel had
testified at the post-conviction hearings in state court that he was aware of the
voluntary intoxication defense and that he made a strategically defensible
decision to pursue the self-defense theory instead. See Rec. vol. I, doc. 42, at 9-
11. Mr. Priest has presented nothing that would bring doubt to these findings.
Therefore, we affirm the district court’s finding that Mr. Priest failed both to
show that his counsel’s assistance was deficient, and that he was prejudiced by
the actions of his counsel.
Mr. Priest also contends that his counsel was ineffective because he failed
to object to the prosecutor’s characterization of Mr. Priest as a liar in closing
arguments. As the district court noted, Mr. Priest’s trial counsel testified in the
state post-conviction proceedings that he was concerned that an objection would
only draw more attention to the prosecutor’s statements. See Rec. vol. I, doc. 42,
at 13. Attention to the prosecutor’s statement was undesirable, as during trial the
6 defense had conceded Mr. Priest had in fact lied at one time. See id. We find
ourselves in agreement with the district court: “this Court does not find that [trial
counsel’s] actions fell outside the range of reasonable professional assistance that
must be shown under Strickland .” Id.
CONCLUSION
Mr. Priest has fairly presented his ineffective assistance of counsel claim to
the Colorado state courts. Accordingly, we proceed to the merits of his claim and
AFFIRM the district court’s denial of his Sixth Amendment claim for ineffective
assistance of counsel.
ENTERED FOR THE COURT
Robert H. Henry Circuit Judge