HEALY, Circuit Judge.
The Price Administrator appeals from a judgment dismissing his application for an order directing appellee to submit its books and records to an inspection.
After an investigation of appellee’s records in February 1945, during which access was voluntarily afforded, the Administrator commenced an action for an injunction compelling the keeping of an adequate base period statement and current pricing records as required by regulations governing articles of wearing apparel sold by appellee, and to enjoin the latter from selling such commodities until it complied with the regulations. After filing an answer, appellee served interrogatories on counsel for the Administrator. These interrogatories were not answered within the proper time and several months passed without any action on the part of the Administrator. On July 13, 1945, appellee moved to dismiss the action, which had been set for trial on July 24. At a hearing on July 23 the trial court granted the motion, as it was learned that not only had the interrogatories been overlooked by the Administrator’s legal staff but that counsel was not prepared to go to trial.
The next day, a representative of the Office of Price Administration called on appellee and asked to inspect certain records, a keeping of which was required by the General Maximum Price Regulation. He was refused access to the records at that time. Several days later an official of appellee read portions of the records to the investigator but it is asserted he did not permit a complete examination.
On August 22, 1945, the Administrator served on appellee’s officers copies of a formal requirement for inspection of portions of its books. This requirement was signed by Robert Parks, who was identified as, “Price Administrator, Office of Price Administration.” Asserting the requirement had not been met, the Administrator, on August 30, 1945, brought an action denominated “Application of Price Administrator for Order Compelling Compliance with an Inspection Requirement of the Office of Price Administration.” The application stated that jurisdiction was conferred on the District Court by § 205(a) of the Emergency Price Control Act of 1942, 50 U.S.C.A.Appendix, § 925(a).
Appellee filed an answer (1) denying that the investigation and service of the inspection requirement was for the purpose of assisting the Administrator to enforce the Price Control Act; rather, that it was for the purpose of punishing and harassing appellee; (2) denying that appellee refused to permit the inspection and copying of the records referred to; (3) alleging that the cause of action stated was res judicata because the proceeding for an injunction had been dismissed on the merits
and the inspection requirement was directed against the same company to examine base period statements and records of the same nature complained of in the injunction proceeding. In addition, appellee filed a counterclaim in which it was alleged that during February and March of 1945 the Administrator had made an intensive examination of appellee’s books; that after the action for injunction had been dismissed his investigators immediately de
manded production of the same hooks and records which were the subject matter of the dismissed action. It was asserted that further demands for production of these records had the effect of harassing appellee and it was asked that the Administrator be enjoined from demanding production of these records or for their inspection and from commencing any other action or proceeding to compel their production.
The Administrator moved to dismiss the counterclaim and to strike the defense of res judicata, stating that the application did not contain any allegation or issue similar to or the same as any allegation or issue in the dismissed action.
. Subsequently, in response to interrogatories filed by appellee, counsel fpr the Administrator filed answers containing a denial of appellee's allegations as to the length and scope of the previous examination of the books and asserting that permission for further inspection had been refused except to a very limited extent.- It was asserted that an investigator had compared a relatively small portion of appellee’s records, which were read to him, with notes taken during the previous examination and had found that the “records have been changed and/or have additions, and generally are not the same records he inspected in the investigation commencing February 23, 1945.”
Shortly thereafter, argument on the Administrator’s motion was heard and memoranda were submitted. However, the court did not consider the questions thus presented. It dismissed the application on the ground that the Price Control Act conferred no jurisdiction to enforce an
inspection requirement.
The judge stated that “the purported answer and counterclaim is to a nonexistent complaint and is mere surplusage, as were the several motions and affidavits. The proceeding, as a whole, 'is a nullity and will be dismissed.”
This view is erroneous. The Price Control Act confers jurisdiction on the district court to enforce demands for inspections of this nature. We have in substance so held.
Bowles v. Northwest Poultry & Dairy Products Co., 9 Cir., 153 F.2d 32; Bowles v. Abendroth, 9 Cir., 151 F.2d 407. The applicable provisions of the Act are shown on the margin.
Although the court below was of the
opinion that in no event could an inspection be sought under § 205(a), we think the Administrator might ground his application on that section. It will be noted that § 202(b) empowers the Administrator to require the keeping of records and the making of reports of dealings in any commodity and authorizes him to require permission for inspection and copying of records and other documents. Section 4(a) states, inter alia, that it shall be unlawful to do or omit to do any act in violation of any regulation, order, or
requirement
under § 202(b). Section 205(a) authorizes the Administrator to apply to the appropriate court for an injunction or for an order enforcing compliance whenever in his judgment any person has engaged or is about to engage in any acts constituting a violation of § 4. It seems clear that a refusal to permit inspection is a violation of duties enjoined by § 202(b) and is therefore a violation of § 4. Since this refusal is a violation of § 4, the Administrator is entitled, as provided by § 205(a), to apply in the district court for an injunction or order enforcing compliance with the Act. Compare Porter, Administrator, v. Warner Holding Co., 66 S.Ct. 1086.
Appellee coni ends that other provisions of the Act indicate that Congress did not empower the district courts to enforce anything other than subpenas; and that a document denominated “inspection requirement” cannot be clothed with the dignity of a subpena.
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HEALY, Circuit Judge.
The Price Administrator appeals from a judgment dismissing his application for an order directing appellee to submit its books and records to an inspection.
After an investigation of appellee’s records in February 1945, during which access was voluntarily afforded, the Administrator commenced an action for an injunction compelling the keeping of an adequate base period statement and current pricing records as required by regulations governing articles of wearing apparel sold by appellee, and to enjoin the latter from selling such commodities until it complied with the regulations. After filing an answer, appellee served interrogatories on counsel for the Administrator. These interrogatories were not answered within the proper time and several months passed without any action on the part of the Administrator. On July 13, 1945, appellee moved to dismiss the action, which had been set for trial on July 24. At a hearing on July 23 the trial court granted the motion, as it was learned that not only had the interrogatories been overlooked by the Administrator’s legal staff but that counsel was not prepared to go to trial.
The next day, a representative of the Office of Price Administration called on appellee and asked to inspect certain records, a keeping of which was required by the General Maximum Price Regulation. He was refused access to the records at that time. Several days later an official of appellee read portions of the records to the investigator but it is asserted he did not permit a complete examination.
On August 22, 1945, the Administrator served on appellee’s officers copies of a formal requirement for inspection of portions of its books. This requirement was signed by Robert Parks, who was identified as, “Price Administrator, Office of Price Administration.” Asserting the requirement had not been met, the Administrator, on August 30, 1945, brought an action denominated “Application of Price Administrator for Order Compelling Compliance with an Inspection Requirement of the Office of Price Administration.” The application stated that jurisdiction was conferred on the District Court by § 205(a) of the Emergency Price Control Act of 1942, 50 U.S.C.A.Appendix, § 925(a).
Appellee filed an answer (1) denying that the investigation and service of the inspection requirement was for the purpose of assisting the Administrator to enforce the Price Control Act; rather, that it was for the purpose of punishing and harassing appellee; (2) denying that appellee refused to permit the inspection and copying of the records referred to; (3) alleging that the cause of action stated was res judicata because the proceeding for an injunction had been dismissed on the merits
and the inspection requirement was directed against the same company to examine base period statements and records of the same nature complained of in the injunction proceeding. In addition, appellee filed a counterclaim in which it was alleged that during February and March of 1945 the Administrator had made an intensive examination of appellee’s books; that after the action for injunction had been dismissed his investigators immediately de
manded production of the same hooks and records which were the subject matter of the dismissed action. It was asserted that further demands for production of these records had the effect of harassing appellee and it was asked that the Administrator be enjoined from demanding production of these records or for their inspection and from commencing any other action or proceeding to compel their production.
The Administrator moved to dismiss the counterclaim and to strike the defense of res judicata, stating that the application did not contain any allegation or issue similar to or the same as any allegation or issue in the dismissed action.
. Subsequently, in response to interrogatories filed by appellee, counsel fpr the Administrator filed answers containing a denial of appellee's allegations as to the length and scope of the previous examination of the books and asserting that permission for further inspection had been refused except to a very limited extent.- It was asserted that an investigator had compared a relatively small portion of appellee’s records, which were read to him, with notes taken during the previous examination and had found that the “records have been changed and/or have additions, and generally are not the same records he inspected in the investigation commencing February 23, 1945.”
Shortly thereafter, argument on the Administrator’s motion was heard and memoranda were submitted. However, the court did not consider the questions thus presented. It dismissed the application on the ground that the Price Control Act conferred no jurisdiction to enforce an
inspection requirement.
The judge stated that “the purported answer and counterclaim is to a nonexistent complaint and is mere surplusage, as were the several motions and affidavits. The proceeding, as a whole, 'is a nullity and will be dismissed.”
This view is erroneous. The Price Control Act confers jurisdiction on the district court to enforce demands for inspections of this nature. We have in substance so held.
Bowles v. Northwest Poultry & Dairy Products Co., 9 Cir., 153 F.2d 32; Bowles v. Abendroth, 9 Cir., 151 F.2d 407. The applicable provisions of the Act are shown on the margin.
Although the court below was of the
opinion that in no event could an inspection be sought under § 205(a), we think the Administrator might ground his application on that section. It will be noted that § 202(b) empowers the Administrator to require the keeping of records and the making of reports of dealings in any commodity and authorizes him to require permission for inspection and copying of records and other documents. Section 4(a) states, inter alia, that it shall be unlawful to do or omit to do any act in violation of any regulation, order, or
requirement
under § 202(b). Section 205(a) authorizes the Administrator to apply to the appropriate court for an injunction or for an order enforcing compliance whenever in his judgment any person has engaged or is about to engage in any acts constituting a violation of § 4. It seems clear that a refusal to permit inspection is a violation of duties enjoined by § 202(b) and is therefore a violation of § 4. Since this refusal is a violation of § 4, the Administrator is entitled, as provided by § 205(a), to apply in the district court for an injunction or order enforcing compliance with the Act. Compare Porter, Administrator, v. Warner Holding Co., 66 S.Ct. 1086.
Appellee coni ends that other provisions of the Act indicate that Congress did not empower the district courts to enforce anything other than subpenas; and that a document denominated “inspection requirement” cannot be clothed with the dignity of a subpena. It is conceded, however, that the Administrator has the alternative, in a case like the present, of seeking a mandatory order of injunction requiring an individual to show his books and records, but that in exercising this alternative he may not apply for “an order compelling the person to obey a particular type of document served upon him by the Administrator.” The distinction appears to be without difference in substance. The object of requiring an application to be made to the district court is to make certain that the Administrator has abided by the limitations of relevancy, specificity, and reasonableness. Oklahoma Press Publishing Co. v. Walling, 66 S.Ct. 494. Whether the court enforces the document served upon the defendant or makes an order requiring the same action, the result is the same. As a matter of fact, appellee has no grounds for objection even though this secondary argument be regarded as valid. The Administrator’s prayer was “that the court issue an order requiring defendant to permit duly accredited representatives of the Office of Price Administration to inspect and copy the above described records included in the inspection requirement hereto referred to, at the place of business of defendant.”
We must look to the substance of the action taken and the relief sought, rather than to outward form. Viewed in this manner, there is little difference between the word “subpena,” as employed in the
Price Control Act, and the phrase “inspection requirement.” Both are formal documents having the same end in view and are subject to similar limitations. A subpena is somewhat broader and may require production of records at a place other than that in which they are ordinarily kept. But in some instances even this distinction may be lacking. See § 202(d) and consult Walling v. American Rolbal Corp., 2 Cir., 135 F.2d 1003, 1005. The terms are so nearly synonymous that this court did not distinguish between them in Bowles v. Abendroth, 9 Cir., 151 F.2d 407, and Porter v. McColloch, 9 Cir., 154 F.2d 876, as, indeed, there was no necessity of doing. We are of the opinion that the reference in § 202 (e) to “subpena” should be construed to include any other formal document having the same function.
Therefore the Administrator might have proceeded under § 202 (e), had he wished.
By way of further elucidation, we add that the provisions of that subdivision state it shall be in addition to those of § 4, indicating that instead of creating the exclusive manner in which proceedings may be brought, the subsection provides an alternative method of seeking an order to inspect documents. We mention this matter only because counsel has intimated that § 205(a) and § 202(e) should be regarded as mutually exclusive.
Appellee contends that even though it be held that the district court has jurisdiction to order enforcement of an inspection requirement, it may not do so in the present proceeding because the requirement was not signed or issued by the Price Administrator. It is conceded that the document was signed by the then Director of the Office of Price Administration for the San Francisco District, Robert Parks, who was erroneously designated as Price Administrator instead of District Director. The question of his authority was not raised during the proceedings below; therefore our opinion in Porter v. McColloch, supra, lends support to the Administrator’s contention that it was waived. However, we do not deem it necessary to discuss the question of waiver, as we believe authority was validly delegated to the District Director to sign such a requirement.
Recently the Seventh Circuit and the Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia have so held. Pinkus v. Porter, 155 F.2d 90; Raley v. Porter, 156 F.2d 561. We approve and adopt the reasoning of these opinions.
We conclude that the court had jurisdiction to consider the Administrator’s application. However, the record before us is not in such a state that we are in position to render a decision on the merits.
The cause is remanded with instructions to the court to entertain the application and to make appropriate findings of fact and conclusions of law on the questions raised and to enter judgment accordingly.