FILED United States Court of Appeals Tenth Circuit
UNITED STATES CO URT O F APPEALS October 18, 2007 Elisabeth A. Shumaker FO R TH E TENTH CIRCUIT Clerk of Court
BREN T G. POLL,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v. No. 06-4177 (D.C. No. 1:01-CV-94-DB) HENRY M . PAULSON, JR., (D. Utah) Secretary, United States Department of Treasury; PAUL H. O’NEIL, Former Secretary, United States D epartm ent of Treasury; O FFICE OF SPEC IA L C OU N SEL; O FFIC E OF PERSON NEL M AN AG EM ENT; INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE M ER IT SY STEM S PR OTEC TION B OA RD ; U N ITED STA TES EQUAL O PPO RTU N ITY CO M M ISSIO N; JAM ES SC OTT, Chief of the File and Information Branch for OPM ; RONNIE BLUM ENTHAL, Director of the Office of Federal Operations for the EEO C; U N N A ME D EEO C CO M M ISSION ERS; and JOH N D OES 1-5,
Defendants-Appellees.
OR D ER AND JUDGM ENT *
* After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument. This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, (continued...) Before HA RTZ, Circuit Judge, BROR BY, Senior Circuit Judge and T YM K O VIC H, Circuit Judge.
Brent Poll appeals the district court’s grant of summary judgment to
defendants 1 on his claim of wrongful employment termination by the Internal
Revenue Service (IRS). H aving jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, we affirm.
I.
The parties are familiar with the facts. In sum, M r. Poll was terminated
from his employment with the IRS in 1983 after he refused to move from his job
in Ogden, Utah, to a new post in Fresno, California. In contesting his
termination, M r. Poll alleged that the transfer was in retaliation for opposing the
advancement of a supervisor in Ogden, defending an African-American fellow
employee in a successful EEO action against the IRS, and filing several personal
grievances with the IRS on his own behalf.
The parties are also familiar with the tortured and convoluted procedural
history of M r. Poll’s efforts to obtain redress for what he believes to be a
* (...continued) and collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1. 1 Pursuant to Fed. R. App. P. 43(c)(2), Henry M . Paulson, Jr., is substituted for John W . Snow as appellee in this appeal.
-2- wrongful termination, and we will not detail that history here except as required
for our analysis.
In 1983, shortly after his termination, M r. Poll made a timely appeal to the
M erit Systems Protection Board (M SPB). The M SPB upheld the termination, a
decision that became final when M r. Poll failed to file a timely petition for review
under 5 U.S.C. § 7701(e)(1). In October 1984, the United States Court of
Appeals for the Federal Circuit dismissed M r. Poll’s appeal for failure to
prosecute in accordance w ith its rules.
At least by October 1985, M r. Poll was in possession of a statement from
M r. Albert Prezcha, his supervisor in Fresno, indicating that M r. Poll was
transferred in an effort to force him to resign. Aplt. App. at 327. M ore than a
year later, M r. Poll petitioned the M SPB to reopen and reconsider its earlier
decision. Id. at 93. The M SPB declined to do so, citing its lack of authority to
review the decision of the Federal Circuit. Id. at 377. Since that time, M r. Poll
has brought a number of administrative and court actions in this matter, most of
which were attempts to raise the Prezcha statement before a tribunal.
In 1998, fifteen years after his termination, M r. Poll initiated another
individual complaint of discrimination with the Department of the Treasury.
Aplt. App. at 64. The agency’s dismissal of the complaint was affirmed by the
EEOC because the complaint “states the same claim that was pending before or
decided by the agency or Commission.” Id. at 132 n.1. That decision prompted
-3- M r. Poll to file a complaint in federal district court. The district court’s grant of
summary judgment to defendants gave rise to this appeal.
II.
Our review of the district court’s decision to grant summary judgment is de
novo, and we apply the same Fed. R. Civ. P. 56 standard as did the district court.
Wells v. Shalala, 228 F.3d 1137, 1140 (10th Cir. 2000). Thus, summary judgment
for defendants w as proper “if the pleadings, depositions, answ ers to
interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show
that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is
entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c). “In reviewing
the record, we view the evidence, and draw reasonable inferences therefrom, in
the light most favorable to the nonmoving party.” Jones v. United Parcel Service,
Inc. ___ F.3d ___, Nos. 06-3088 & 06-3095, 2007 W L 2677141 at *4 (10th Cir.
Sept. 13, 2007).
M r. Poll’s case is a “mixed case” raising both termination and
discrimination claims and was thus, initially, appealable to either the Federal
Circuit or the appropriate federal district court. Wells, 228 F.3d at 1142-43. “The
statutory scheme established by Congress for federal employees requires them
either to combine their related employment discrimination and termination claims
and pursue them in federal district court, or to appeal their termination claims to
the Federal Circuit and waive any discrimination claims.” Chappell v. Chao,
-4- 388 F.3d 1373, 1374 (11th Cir. 2004). Because M r. Poll chose to appeal to the
Federal Circuit after his initial adverse decision from the M SPB , he has
effectively waived his right to continue advancing his discrimination claim in the
district court. To the extent M r. Poll argues only his termination claim, he is
prohibited from proceeding with that claim now because the Federal Circuit has
already entered a judgment on the merits against him.
In its order granting summary judgment, the district court explained all of
this to M r. Poll, holding that, by filing his original appeal in the Federal Circuit,
M r. Poll had effectively chosen his remedy and therefore did not have a
jurisdictional basis for a later filing in the federal district court. Alternatively,
the court held that the Civil Service Reform Act did not provide a jurisdictional
basis for M r. Poll’s untimely discrimination claim, that the claim was
time-barred, and that res judicata precluded its relitigation. M r. Poll’s
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FILED United States Court of Appeals Tenth Circuit
UNITED STATES CO URT O F APPEALS October 18, 2007 Elisabeth A. Shumaker FO R TH E TENTH CIRCUIT Clerk of Court
BREN T G. POLL,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v. No. 06-4177 (D.C. No. 1:01-CV-94-DB) HENRY M . PAULSON, JR., (D. Utah) Secretary, United States Department of Treasury; PAUL H. O’NEIL, Former Secretary, United States D epartm ent of Treasury; O FFICE OF SPEC IA L C OU N SEL; O FFIC E OF PERSON NEL M AN AG EM ENT; INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE M ER IT SY STEM S PR OTEC TION B OA RD ; U N ITED STA TES EQUAL O PPO RTU N ITY CO M M ISSIO N; JAM ES SC OTT, Chief of the File and Information Branch for OPM ; RONNIE BLUM ENTHAL, Director of the Office of Federal Operations for the EEO C; U N N A ME D EEO C CO M M ISSION ERS; and JOH N D OES 1-5,
Defendants-Appellees.
OR D ER AND JUDGM ENT *
* After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is therefore ordered submitted without oral argument. This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, (continued...) Before HA RTZ, Circuit Judge, BROR BY, Senior Circuit Judge and T YM K O VIC H, Circuit Judge.
Brent Poll appeals the district court’s grant of summary judgment to
defendants 1 on his claim of wrongful employment termination by the Internal
Revenue Service (IRS). H aving jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, we affirm.
I.
The parties are familiar with the facts. In sum, M r. Poll was terminated
from his employment with the IRS in 1983 after he refused to move from his job
in Ogden, Utah, to a new post in Fresno, California. In contesting his
termination, M r. Poll alleged that the transfer was in retaliation for opposing the
advancement of a supervisor in Ogden, defending an African-American fellow
employee in a successful EEO action against the IRS, and filing several personal
grievances with the IRS on his own behalf.
The parties are also familiar with the tortured and convoluted procedural
history of M r. Poll’s efforts to obtain redress for what he believes to be a
* (...continued) and collateral estoppel. It may be cited, however, for its persuasive value consistent with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1 and 10th Cir. R. 32.1. 1 Pursuant to Fed. R. App. P. 43(c)(2), Henry M . Paulson, Jr., is substituted for John W . Snow as appellee in this appeal.
-2- wrongful termination, and we will not detail that history here except as required
for our analysis.
In 1983, shortly after his termination, M r. Poll made a timely appeal to the
M erit Systems Protection Board (M SPB). The M SPB upheld the termination, a
decision that became final when M r. Poll failed to file a timely petition for review
under 5 U.S.C. § 7701(e)(1). In October 1984, the United States Court of
Appeals for the Federal Circuit dismissed M r. Poll’s appeal for failure to
prosecute in accordance w ith its rules.
At least by October 1985, M r. Poll was in possession of a statement from
M r. Albert Prezcha, his supervisor in Fresno, indicating that M r. Poll was
transferred in an effort to force him to resign. Aplt. App. at 327. M ore than a
year later, M r. Poll petitioned the M SPB to reopen and reconsider its earlier
decision. Id. at 93. The M SPB declined to do so, citing its lack of authority to
review the decision of the Federal Circuit. Id. at 377. Since that time, M r. Poll
has brought a number of administrative and court actions in this matter, most of
which were attempts to raise the Prezcha statement before a tribunal.
In 1998, fifteen years after his termination, M r. Poll initiated another
individual complaint of discrimination with the Department of the Treasury.
Aplt. App. at 64. The agency’s dismissal of the complaint was affirmed by the
EEOC because the complaint “states the same claim that was pending before or
decided by the agency or Commission.” Id. at 132 n.1. That decision prompted
-3- M r. Poll to file a complaint in federal district court. The district court’s grant of
summary judgment to defendants gave rise to this appeal.
II.
Our review of the district court’s decision to grant summary judgment is de
novo, and we apply the same Fed. R. Civ. P. 56 standard as did the district court.
Wells v. Shalala, 228 F.3d 1137, 1140 (10th Cir. 2000). Thus, summary judgment
for defendants w as proper “if the pleadings, depositions, answ ers to
interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show
that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is
entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c). “In reviewing
the record, we view the evidence, and draw reasonable inferences therefrom, in
the light most favorable to the nonmoving party.” Jones v. United Parcel Service,
Inc. ___ F.3d ___, Nos. 06-3088 & 06-3095, 2007 W L 2677141 at *4 (10th Cir.
Sept. 13, 2007).
M r. Poll’s case is a “mixed case” raising both termination and
discrimination claims and was thus, initially, appealable to either the Federal
Circuit or the appropriate federal district court. Wells, 228 F.3d at 1142-43. “The
statutory scheme established by Congress for federal employees requires them
either to combine their related employment discrimination and termination claims
and pursue them in federal district court, or to appeal their termination claims to
the Federal Circuit and waive any discrimination claims.” Chappell v. Chao,
-4- 388 F.3d 1373, 1374 (11th Cir. 2004). Because M r. Poll chose to appeal to the
Federal Circuit after his initial adverse decision from the M SPB , he has
effectively waived his right to continue advancing his discrimination claim in the
district court. To the extent M r. Poll argues only his termination claim, he is
prohibited from proceeding with that claim now because the Federal Circuit has
already entered a judgment on the merits against him.
In its order granting summary judgment, the district court explained all of
this to M r. Poll, holding that, by filing his original appeal in the Federal Circuit,
M r. Poll had effectively chosen his remedy and therefore did not have a
jurisdictional basis for a later filing in the federal district court. Alternatively,
the court held that the Civil Service Reform Act did not provide a jurisdictional
basis for M r. Poll’s untimely discrimination claim, that the claim was
time-barred, and that res judicata precluded its relitigation. M r. Poll’s
whistleblower claim failed because it was raised for the first time in the district
court.
After our de novo review of the record, the relevant law, and the
submissions of the parties, we affirm for substantially the reasons stated by the
district court.
III.
W e now turn to defendants’ motion for sanctions pursuant to Fed. R. App.
P. 38.
-5- Rule 38 provides that, “[i]f a court of appeals determines that an appeal is
frivolous, it may, after a separately filed motion or notice from the court and a
reasonable opportunity to respond, aw ard just damages and single or double costs
to the appellee.” “An appeal is frivolous when the result is obvious, or the
appellant’s arguments of error are wholly without merit.” Braley v. Campbell,
832 F.2d 1504, 1510 (10th Cir. 1987) (en banc) (quotation omitted). W hether to
impose Rule 38 sanctions is within this court’s discretion, Roth v. Green,
466 F.3d 1179, 1188 (10th Cir. 2006), petition for cert. filed, 75 U.S.L.W . 3623
(U .S. M ay 9, 2007) (N o. 06-1490), and attorneys can be sanctioned personally
“for taking a truly frivolous appeal on behalf of their client,” Braley, 832 F.2d at
1511. W hen an attorney’s conduct “manifests either intentional or reckless
disregard of [his or her] duties to the court,” monetary sanctions in an amount
equal to the excess costs, expenses, or attorney’s fees are properly levied. Id. at
1512.
Defendants’ motion for sanctions against both M r. Poll and his attorney is
supported by a declaration signed by the Assistant United States Attorney of
record in this case under the penalty of perjury indicating that defendants’
expenses in this matter total $4,041.70. M r. Poll and his attorney have responded
to that motion, and defendants have replied.
In their response, M r. Poll and his attorney continue to argue that the
evidence of wrongful termination can be derived from the comments of a former
-6- supervisor, Albert Prezcha, indicating that the IRS transferred M r. Poll in an
effort to terminate him. This evidence was not made available to M r. Poll until
after the Federal Circuit had dismissed his case. Nevertheless, the record
demonstrates that M r. Poll was in possession of the Prezcha evidence at least by
October 1985. Aplt. App. at 327. Although in 1986, M r. Poll did ask the M SPB
to reopen and reconsider its 1984 decision, he does not dispute that he failed to
prosecute the matter any further at that time. Instead, he chose to file a
discrimination complaint thirteen years later and, eventually, to petition the
federal district court for mandamus relief, neither course appropriate to achieving
his ends.
M r. Poll and his attorney also make much out of defendants’ concession at
the district court hearing that, contrary to their earlier position, the “Prezcha
matter” had not been previously settled. W e agree, however, with the district
court that the evidence supplied by M r. Prezcha was simply that–a piece of
evidence–and not the basis for bringing an entirely new proceeding, irrespective
of whether it had been the subject of an earlier settlement agreement.
During the pendency of this litigation in the district court, defendants sent
M r. Poll’s attorney a Rule 11 letter clearly identifying the deficiencies in his
client’s case. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 11. The Rule 11 letter specifically referred to
the earlier denial of mandamus by the district court, Poll v. United States Office
of Special Counsel, No. 1:93-CV-150-DAK (D. Utah June 19, 1998); Aplt. App.
-7- at 130, in w hich the court specifically held that it had no jurisdiction to overrule
the earlier rulings of the M SPB and the Federal Circuit. That fact had no impact
on M r. Poll or his attorney. Indeed, at the time M r. Poll and his attorney filed
this appeal, the district court had already thoroughly and patiently explained why
the case could not go forward, examining not just one basis for its decision but
several alternative grounds as well. Nonetheless, M r. Poll and his attorney
proceeded to appeal although they established no basis for the district court’s
jurisdiction and presented no new arguments not already dispatched by the district
court in its 1998 denial of mandamus.
M r. Poll’s briefs to this court, in and of themselves, could possibly be a
basis for sanction. They are illogical, obfuscatory, and misleading. In an
especially unhelpful usage, the briefs refer to both parties in this dispute as
“appellants.” Record cites in the appellant’s briefs do not consistently correspond
to the record, causing an unnecessary waste of time and effort for defendants and
this court. Under these circumstances, we hold that M r. Poll’s attorney has
manifested either an intentional or, at the least, a reckless disregard of his duties
to the court, see Braley, 822 F.3d at 1512, and that M r. Poll has caused
unnecessary expenditure of both the time and the resources of defendants and this
court, see Wood v. Santa Barbara Chamber of Commerce, Inc., 699 F.2d 484, 485
-8- (9th Cir. 1983). 2 W e therefore impose sanctions of $4,041.70 jointly and
severally against both M r. Poll and his attorney payable directly to defendants
through their attorney of record in this appeal.
The judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.
Entered for the Court
Timothy M . Tymkovich Circuit Judge
2 Especially in reference to M r. Poll, our decision to impose sanctions is reinforced by the fact that, acting pro se, he has filed yet another case in the federal district court raising the same issues he raises here. See Poll v. Paulson, No. 1:06-CV-144-TC-BCW (D. Utah filed Nov. 16, 2006). Given this, it is clear that M r. Poll was not simply influenced by his attorney to pursue this appeal, but that he independently wishes to continue pursuing judicial proceedings despite past judicial rulings counseling against that course.
-9-