Pippins v. KPMG

CourtCourt of Appeals for the Second Circuit
DecidedJuly 22, 2014
Docket13-889-cv
StatusPublished

This text of Pippins v. KPMG (Pippins v. KPMG) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Pippins v. KPMG, (2d Cir. 2014).

Opinion

13‐889‐cv Pippins v. KPMG

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

August Term, 2013

(Argued: February 5, 2014 Decided: July 22, 2014)

Docket No. 13‐889‐cv

KYLE PIPPINS, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, JAMIE SCHINDLER, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, EDWARD LAMBERT, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated,

Plaintiffs‐Appellants,

LISA B. FRALEY, ET AL.,

Plaintiffs,

— v. —

KPMG LLP,

Defendant‐Appellee.*

* The Clerk of Court is respectfully directed to amend the official caption in this case to conform with the caption above.

1 B e f o r e:

LEVAL, CALABRESI, and LYNCH, Circuit Judges.

__________________

Plaintiffs‐Appellants Kyle Pippins, Jamie Schindler, and Edward Lambert,

each individually and on behalf of others similarly situated (“plaintiffs”) sued

Defendant‐Appellee accounting firm KPMG LLP for unpaid overtime wages

under the Fair Labor Standards Act (“the FLSA”), 29 U.S.C. §§ 201‐219. The

United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (Colleen

McMahon, Judge) granted KPMG’s motion for summary judgment on the ground

that plaintiffs, employed as entry‐level accountants, were learned professionals

exempt from the FLSA’s overtime provisions under 29 U.S.C. § 213(a)(1). As the

record reveals that plaintiffs were employed in a field of science and learning,

that they relied on knowledge customarily acquired by prolonged specialized

instruction, and that their work involved consistent exercise of professional

judgment, see 29 C.F.R. § 541.301, we conclude that plaintiffs were learned

professionals.

AFFIRMED.

JUSTIN M. SWARTZ (Rachel M. Bien, Deirdre A. Aaron, on the brief), Outten & Golden LLP, New York, New York, for Plaintiffs‐ Appellants.

CARTER G. PHILLIPS (Michael C. Kelley, Jennifer Altfeld Landau, Eric D. McArthur, Eamon P. Joyce, on the brief), Sidley Austin LLP, Washington, DC, for Defendant‐Appellee.

GERARD E. LYNCH, Circuit Judge:

The Fair Labor Standards Act (“the FLSA”), 29 U.S.C. §§ 201‐219, protects

“the minimum standard of living necessary for health, efficiency, and general

well‐being of workers.” Id. § 202(a). To this end, the FLSA mandates, inter alia,

that employers pay additional compensation at a higher rate to employees who

work more than forty hours per week. Id. § 207(a)(1). However, the FLSA

exempts employees employed “in a bona fide . . . professional capacity” from its

overtime provisions. Id. § 213(a)(1). Department of Labor regulations require

that, to qualify for the “learned professionals” exemption, “an employee’s

primary duty must be the performance of work requiring advanced knowledge

in a field of science or learning customarily acquired by a prolonged course of

specialized intellectual instruction.” 29 C.F.R. § 541.301(a). This case requires us

3 to determine whether junior employees at a major accounting firm who received

substantial specialized education as accountants, were designated as accountants

by their employer, performed entry‐level accounting tasks, and are automatically

promoted to a more senior accounting position after two years of satisfactory

employment qualify for the learned profession exemption. We hold that they do,

and thus are exempt from the FLSA’s overtime requirements.

BACKGROUND

Plaintiffs‐appellants Kyle Pippins, Jamie Schindler, and Edward Lambert

(“plaintiffs”) were employed as “Audit Associates” by their former employer,

defendant‐appellee KMPG LLP. They brought this action in the United States

District Court for the Southern District of New York, on behalf of themselves and

others similarly situated, alleging that they regularly worked more than forty

hours per week yet did not receive overtime compensation as required by the

FLSA. KPMG argued that because plaintiffs worked as accountants, one of the

learned professions specifically identified in the regulations as “a field of science

or learning,” id. §§ 541.301(c), (e)(5), they were exempt from the FLSA overtime

provisions, and thus were not entitled to overtime compensation.

4 The District Court (Colleen McMahon, Judge), in a thorough and thoughtful

51‐page opinion, concluded that because plaintiffs were employed as

accountants, a profession in a field of advanced science and learning, deployed

knowledge that is customarily acquired by a prolonged course of specialized

education, and exercised professional discretion and judgment, they were exempt

from the FLSA provisions. It thus granted KPMG’s motion for summary

judgment, denied plaintiffs’ motion for partial summary judgment, and

dismissed pendent state law claims without prejudice. Plaintiffs timely

appealed, and upon de novo review of the district court’s grant of summary

judgment, Swatch Grp. Mgmt. Servs. Ltd. v. Bloomberg L.P., ‐‐‐ F.3d ‐‐‐, ‐‐‐, 2014

WL 2219162, at *4 (2d Cir. May 30, 2014), we now affirm.

DISCUSSION

The FLSA excludes from its overtime provisions certain classes of workers,

including those employed as “professional[s].” 29 U.S.C. § 213(a)(1). That

exemption requires that the workers’ “primary duty . . . be the performance of

work requiring advanced knowledge in a field of science or learning customarily

acquired by a prolonged course of specialized intellectual instruction.” 29 C.F.R.

§ 541.301(a). The defining regulations impose a three‐pronged test to determine

5 whether a primary duty qualifies for the exemption: the work must be (1)

“predominantly intellectual in character, and . . . requir[e] the consistent exercise

of discretion and judgment,” id. § 541.301(b); (2) in a “field of science or

learning,” which includes accounting, id. § 541.301(c); and (3) of a type where

“specialized academic training is a standard prerequisite for entrance into the

profession,” id. § 541.301(d).

All three prongs must be satisfied for the learned professional exemption

to apply, and FLSA exemptions are to be “narrowly construed against the

employers seeking to assert them and their application limited to those

establishments plainly and unmistakably within their terms and spirit.” Bilyou

v. Dutchess Beer Distribs., Inc., 300 F.3d 217, 222 (2d Cir. 2002), quoting Arnold v.

Ben Kanowsky, Inc., 361 U.S. 388, 392 (1960). Regarding the application of the

exemption to accountants specifically, the regulations elaborate:

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Bluebook (online)
Pippins v. KPMG, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/pippins-v-kpmg-ca2-2014.