Pinzon v. Tristar Assoc., LLC

2024 NY Slip Op 31346(U)

• Court: New York Supreme Court, New York County
• Decided: April 17, 2024
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

Pinzon v Tristar Assoc., LLC 2024 NY Slip Op 31346(U) April 17, 2024 Supreme Court, New York County Docket Number: Index No. 157693/2019 Judge: Paul A. Goetz Cases posted with a "30000" identifier, i.e., 2013 NY Slip Op 30001(U), are republished from various New York State and local government sources, including the New York State Unified Court System's eCourts Service. This opinion is uncorrected and not selected for official publication. FILED: NEW YORK COUNTY CLERK 04/17/2024 04:24 PM INDEX NO. 157693/2019 NYSCEF DOC. NO. 218 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/17/2024

SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK NEW YORK COUNTY PRESENT: HON. PAUL A. GOETZ PART 47 Justice ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------X INDEX NO. 157693/2019 LUIS PINZON, MOTION DATE 12/22/2023 Plaintiff, MOTION SEQ. NO. 006 -v- TRISTAR ASSOCIATES, LLC,GLAM SEAMLESS, LLC, DECISION + ORDER ON MOTION Defendants. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------X

TRISTAR ASSOCIATES, LLC Third-Party Index No. 595256/2020 Third-Party Plaintiff,

-against-

GLAM SEAMLESS, LLC

Third-Party Defendant. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------X

GLAM SEAMLESS, LLC Second Third-Party Index No. 595735/2021 Second Third-Party Plaintiff,

MINAS CONSTRUCTION, INC.,

Second Third-Party Defendant. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------X

The following e-filed documents, listed by NYSCEF document number (Motion 006) 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 198 were read on this motion to/for JUDGMENT - SUMMARY .

In this Labor Law personal injury action, Second Third-Party Defendant Minas

Construction Inc. (“Minas”) moves for summary judgment pursuant to CPLR § 3212 dismissing

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all claims against it by Second Third-Party Plaintiff, Glam Seamless, LLC (“Glam”) for: 1)

Contribution; 2) Common Law Indemnification; 3) Contractual Indemnification; and 4) Breach

of Contract for a Failure to Procure Insurance (NYSCEF Doc No 143).

DISCUSSION

Summary Judgement Standard

It is well settled that ‘the proponent of a summary judgment motion must make a prima

facie showing of entitlement to judgment as a matter of law, tendering sufficient evidence to

demonstrate the absence of any material issues of fact’” (Pullman v Silverman, 28 NY3d 1060,

1062 [2016], quoting Alvarez v Prospect Hosp., 68 NY2d 320, 324 [1986]). “Failure to make

such showing requires denial of the motion, regardless of the sufficiency of the opposing papers”

(Winegrad v New York Univ. Med. Ctr., 64 NY2d 851, 853 [1985]). “Once such a prima facie

showing has been made, the burden shifts to the party opposing the motion to produce

evidentiary proof in admissible form sufficient to raise material issues of fact which require a

trial of the action” (Cabrera v Rodriguez, 72 AD3d 553, 553-54 [1st Dept 2010]).

“The court’s function on a motion for summary judgment is merely to determine if any

triable issues exist, not to determine the merits of any such issues or to assess credibility”

(Meridian Mgt. Corp. v Cristi Cleaning Serv. Corp., 70 AD3d 508, 510-11 [1st Dept 2010]

[internal citations omitted]). The evidence presented in a summary judgment motion must be

examined “in the light most favorable to the non-moving party” (Schmidt v One New York Plaza

Co. LLC, 153 AD3d 427, 428 [2017], quoting Ortiz v Varsity Holdings, LLC, 18 NY3d 335, 339

[2011]) and bare allegations or conclusory assertions are insufficient to create genuine issues of

fact (Rotuba Extruders v Ceppos, 46 NY2d 223, 231 [1978]). If there is any doubt as to the

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existence of a triable fact, the motion for summary judgment must be denied (Rotuba Extruders

v Ceppos, 46 NY2d 223, 231 [1978]).

Contribution and Common Law Indemnification

Minas argues that because it was plaintiff, Luis Pinzon’s, employer when his accident

occurred Workers’ Compensation Law § 11 bars Glam’s contribution, and common law

indemnification claims. Glam argues that plaintiff’s injury is a “grave injury”, an exception in

Workers’ Compensation Law § 11 and thus there is no bar on liability. Workers Compensation

Law § 11 states:

An employer shall not be liable for contribution or indemnity to any third person based upon liability for injuries sustained by an employee acting within the scope of his or her employment for such employer unless such third person proves through competent medical evidence that such employee has sustained a “grave injury” which shall mean only one or more of the following: death, permanent and total loss of use or amputation of an arm, leg, hand or foot, loss of multiple fingers, loss of multiple toes, paraplegia or quadriplegia, total and permanent blindness, total and permanent deafness, loss of nose, loss of ear, permanent and severe facial disfigurement, loss of an index finger or an acquired injury to the brain caused by an external physical force resulting in permanent total disability.

Here, it is undisputed that plaintiff was an employee of Minas at the time of his accident

(NYSCEF Docs No 155 ¶ 7; 171 ¶ 7). During plaintiff’s accident a screw flew into plaintiff’s

right eye, requiring surgery to remove his eye and replace it with A prosthetic eye (id. at ¶ 2).

Minas and Glam dispute whether the loss of one eye constitutes a “grave injury” under Workers

Compensation Law § 11.

“The categories of grave injuries listed in section 11, providing the sole bases for a third-

party action, are deliberately both narrowly and completely described; the list, both exhaustive

and not illustrative, is not intended to be extended absent further legislative action” (Fleming v

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Graham, 10 NY3d 296, 300 [2008] [internal quotation marks removed]). “[L]oss of vision in one

eye—is not a ‘grave injury’ under Workers' Compensation Law § 11” (Jarvis v Crotona Assoc.,

LLC, 14 AD3d 423, 424 [1st Dept 2005]). Since, a court must “construe statutory words in light

of their plain meaning without resort to forced or unnatural interpretations” the loss of one eye

does not constitute “total and permanent blindness” and therefore does not amount to a

statutorily defined grave injury in itself (id.). Further, in both Giblin v Pine Ridge Log Homes,

Inc., 42 AD3d 705 [3d Dept 2007]; and Pilato v Nigel Enterprises, Inc., 48 AD3d 1133 [4th Dept

2008] the Courts held that the loss of a single eye does not constitute a “permanent and severe

facial disfigurement” as a matter of law.

“What constitutes ‘permanent and severe facial disfigurement’ is unlike most of the other

enumerated ‘grave’ injuries, which are, on the whole, amenable to ‘objectively ascertainable’

determinations as a matter of law” (Fleming, 10 NY3d at 300). “[P]ermanency and severity are

both conditions precedent to a finding of ‘facial disfigurement’” (id.). “[S]everity implies a highly

limited class of disfiguring injuries beyond minor scarring or lacerations” (id. at 301). Disfigurement

means “that which impairs or injures the beauty, symmetry or appearance of a person or thing; that which

renders unsightly, misshapen or imperfect or deforms in some manner” (id.) The Court of Appeals in

Fleming summarized the standard stating:

[A]n injury disfigures the face when it detrimentally alters the plaintiff's natural beauty, symmetry or appearance, or otherwise deforms. A disfigurement is severe if a reasonable person viewing the plaintiff's face in its altered state would regard the condition as abhorrently distressing, highly objectionable, shocking or extremely unsightly. In finding that a disfigurement is severe, plaintiff's injury must greatly alter the appearance of the face from its appearance before the accident. (id.). In Pilato, the Fourth Department found that the loss of an eye did not constitute “permanent and

severe facial disfigurement” when, “there appears to be some scarring around his right eye that is barely

visible, his right eye appears slightly more open than his left eye and the color of his prosthetic eye is

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slightly darker than his right eye” (Pilato, 48 AD3d at 1135). Similarly in Giblin, the Third Department

also found the loss of an eye was not a “grave injury” when “the photographs of plaintiff wearing the

prosthesis demonstrate little difference, if any, in his facial appearance before and after the accident”

(Giblin, 42 AD3d at 707).

Here, Minas submits the IME report of Dr. David L. Abramson who states “[plaintiff] currently

presents with a right eye prosthesis and states there is no facial scarring. I have taken

photographs of the area around the right globe, and there is no evidence of any facial scarring

present” (NYSCEF Doc No 152). Minas submits one of the photographs taken by Dr. Abramson

which shows that plaintiff has no significant scarring and is not “abhorrently distressing, highly

objectionable, shocking or extremely unsightly.” While Glam argues that plaintiff testified that people in

public notice he is wearing a prosthetic eye, his condition does not meet the statutory definition for a

“permanent and severe facial disfigurement.” Therefore, Minas cannot be held liable to Glam for

contribution or common law indemnification as recovery is barred by Workers’ Compensation

Law § 11.

Accordingly, summary judgment will be granted in Minas’s favor on Glam’s first and

second causes of action and they will be dismissed.

Contractual Indemnification and Breach of Contract

Minas argues that the contractual indemnification and breach of contract for a failure to

procure insurance causes of action must be dismissed because there is no written contract

between Minas and Glam for the work performed. Glam opposes arguing that even absent an

express written contract, there is an issue of fact regarding the parties contractual agreement.

Workers’ Compensation Law § 11 does not bar indemnification and contribution claims

based on provisions in a written contract. Workers’ Compensation Law § 11 specifically

provides that:

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For purposes of this section the terms “indemnity” and “contribution” shall not include a claim or cause of action for contribution or indemnification based upon a provision in a written contract entered into prior to the accident or occurrence by which the employer had expressly agreed to contribution to or indemnification of the claimant or person asserting the cause of action for the type of loss suffered.

While, Glam admits that there is no written contract between the parties it argues that the emails

between the parties, the conduct of the parties, and payments by Glam to Minas shows that there was a

meeting of the minds sufficient to give rise to an enforceable contract. Glam relies on Flores v Lower E.

Side Serv. Ctr., Inc., where the Court of Appeals ruled that the language of Workers’ Compensation Law

§ 11 does not explicitly require that the contract with the indemnification provision be signed and

common law principles of contract formation should apply (Flores v Lower E. Side Serv. Ctr., Inc., 4

NY3d 363 [2005]). However, while the ruling in Flores states that common law principles can apply to

enforce an unsigned contract, it still requires the existence of a written contract. Indeed, “[w]hen it

enacted Workers' Compensation Law § 11, the Legislature clearly intended to limit the number of

indemnification claims against employers by requiring that indemnification agreements be memorialized

in a written contract.” (id. at 369).

Here, while the correspondences and behavior of the parties may indicate that a contract existed

under common-law principles, Glam has failed to submit written correspondence that Minas agreed to

indemnify Glam, creating an exception to the bar on employer liability under Workers’ Compensation

Law § 11. Further, Glam has also failed to submit any evidence that Minas agreed to procure

insurance. Accordingly, summary judgment will be granted in Minas’s favor on Glam’s third and

fourth causes of action and they will be dismissed.

Accordingly it is,

ORDERED that Minas’s motion for summary judgment is granted and the second third-

party complaint against it is dismissed; and it is further

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ORDERED that the clerk is directed to enter judgment accordingly with costs and

disbursements to Minas; and it is further

ORDERED that the action is severed and continued against the remaining defendants; and

it is further

ORDERED that the caption be amended to reflect the dismissal and that all future papers

filed with the court bear the amended caption; and it is further

ORDERED that counsel for the moving party shall serve a copy of this order with notice

of entry upon the Clerk of the Court and the Clerk of the General Clerk’s Office, who are directed

to mark the court’s records to reflect the change in the caption herein

ORDERED that such service upon the Clerk of the Court and the Clerk of the General

Clerk’s Office shall be made in accordance with the procedures set forth in the Protocol on

Courthouse and County Clerk Procedures for Electronically Filed Cases (accessible at the “E-

Filing” page on the court’s website)].

4/17/2024 DATE PAUL A. GOETZ, J.S.C. CHECK ONE: CASE DISPOSED X NON-FINAL DISPOSITION

X GRANTED DENIED GRANTED IN PART OTHER

APPLICATION: SETTLE ORDER SUBMIT ORDER

CHECK IF APPROPRIATE: INCLUDES TRANSFER/REASSIGN FIDUCIARY APPOINTMENT REFERENCE

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