MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be FILED regarded as precedent or cited before any Jul 31 2019, 10:50 am court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK the defense of res judicata, collateral Indiana Supreme Court Court of Appeals estoppel, or the law of the case. and Tax Court
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Ernest P. Galos Curtis T. Hill, Jr. South Bend, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
Sierra A. Murray Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Philip Cazallis, July 31, 2019 Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No. 19A-CR-37 v. Appeal from the St. Joseph Superior Court State of Indiana, The Honorable John M. Appellee-Plaintiff Marnocha, Judge The Honorable Elizabeth A. Hardtke, Magistrate Trial Court Cause No. 71D02-1609-CM-4870
May, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-37 | July 31, 2019 Page 1 of 8 [1] Philip Cazallis appeals following his convictions of Class A misdemeanor
operating a vehicle while intoxicated endangering a person (“OVWI”) 1 and
Class B misdemeanor disorderly conduct. 2 He challenges the appropriateness
of his sentence. We affirm.
Facts and Procedural History [2] On September 8, 2016, Cazallis drove a moped while intoxicated. He lost
control of the moped and flipped over near the intersection of Apple Road and
Washington Street in St. Joseph County. Police officers responded to the
scene. Cazallis could not remain upright, and the officers smelled alcohol on
his breath. They administered field sobriety tests and measured Cazallis’ blood
alcohol content. Cazallis failed all the field sobriety tests and registered a blood
alcohol level of 0.17. The State charged Cazallis with OVWI.
[3] On March 7, 2017, police officers responded to a report that Cazallis was on his
front porch yelling and disturbing his neighbors. The officers could smell
alcohol on his breath and noticed a bottle of whiskey sitting next to him. They
told Cazallis to quiet down, and they left. However, the officers received a call
that Cazallis was continuing to disturb his neighbors, so they returned to his
1 Ind. Code § 9-30-5-2. 2 Ind. Code § 35-45-1-3.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-37 | July 31, 2019 Page 2 of 8 house and arrested him. Subsequently, the State charged Cazallis with
disorderly conduct.
[4] On November 9, 2018, Cazallis agreed to plead guilty to the OVWI charge and
the disorderly conduct charge. In exchange, the State agreed to dismiss a
different operating while intoxicated charge and a resisting law enforcement
charge. The plea agreement left sentencing to the discretion of the trial court.
[5] The trial court held a change of plea hearing on November 9, 2018, and a
sentencing hearing on December 4, 2018. At the beginning of the sentencing
hearing, Cazallis notified the court that, earlier that morning in another
courtroom, he had received a six-month executed sentence for a separate
conviction of Level 6 felony operating while intoxicated. The parties and trial
court also reviewed the existing pre-sentence investigation report from that case
for use in the misdemeanor cases.
[6] The trial court sentenced Cazallis to ninety days in jail for disorderly conduct
and to 365 days in jail for OVWI. The court also assessed a $200 drug and
alcohol fee, and suspended Cazallis’ driver’s license for 365 days. The court
ordered Cazallis to serve the OVWI sentence consecutive to his disorderly
conduct sentence and to Cazallis’ sentence for Level 6 felony operating while
intoxicated. Thus, Cazallis’ aggregate sentence on the OVWI charge and the
disorderly conduct charge is 455 days.
Discussion and Decision
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-37 | July 31, 2019 Page 3 of 8 [7] We “may revise a sentence authorized by statute if, after due consideration of
the trial court’s decision, [we find] the sentence is inappropriate in light of the
nature of the offense and the character of the offender.” Ind. R. App. P. 7(B).
Our role in reviewing a sentence pursuant to Appellate Rule 7(B) “should be to
attempt to leaven the outliers, and identify some guiding principles for trial
courts and those charged with improvement of the sentencing statutes, but not
to achieve a perceived ‘correct’ result in each case.” Cardwell v. State, 895
N.E.2d 1219, 1225 (Ind. 2008). “The defendant bears the burden of persuading
this court that his or her sentence is inappropriate.” Kunberger v. State, 46
N.E.3d 966, 972 (Ind. Ct. App. 2015). “Whether a sentence is inappropriate
ultimately turns on the culpability of the defendant, the severity of the crime,
the damage done to others, and a myriad of other factors that come to light in a
given case.” Thompson v. State, 5 N.E.3d 383, 391 (Ind. Ct. App. 2014).
[8] Preliminarily, we note Cazallis’ argument on appeal addresses the
appropriateness of only his sentence for OVWI. (See Br. of Appellant at 9-12.)
However, “appellate review should focus on the forest—the aggregate
sentence—rather than the trees—consecutive or concurrent, number of counts,
or length of the sentence on any individual count.” Cardwell, 895 N.E.2d at
1225. Consequently, when a defendant pleads guilty via a single plea
agreement to offenses charged under separate cause numbers, we review the
defendant’s aggregate sentence under the plea agreement. Moyer v. State, 83
N.E.3d 136, 140 (Ind. Ct. App. 2017) (Court declined defendant’s invitation to
review his sentence with regards to only certain counts because to do so “would
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-37 | July 31, 2019 Page 4 of 8 essentially amount to ignoring important aspects of the contract between the
parties, such as the substantial benefit that he received in exchange for his guilty
plea. The plea agreement represented a single transaction that ‘embodied the
entire agreement between the parties.’”) (quoting Webb v. State, 941 N.E.2d
1082, 1087-88 (Ind. Ct. App. 2011), trans. denied), trans. denied. Therefore, we
evaluate whether Cazallis’ aggregate sentence for OVWI and disorderly
conduct is inappropriate in light of the nature of his offenses and his character.
[9] A Class A misdemeanor is punishable by up to one-year imprisonment and a
fine of not more than $5,000. Ind. Code § 35-50-3-2. A Class B misdemeanor
is punishable by up to 180 days imprisonment and a fine of not more than
$1,000. Ind. Code § 35-50-3-3. Thus, both Cazallis’ sentence for OVWI and
his sentence for disorderly conduct are within the statutory ranges.
[10] Cazallis acknowledges he suffers from substance abuse issues. He is highly
educated. He has earned two bachelor’s degrees, one in mechanical technology
and the second in mechanical engineering. He held gainful employment until
he became disabled due to bipolar disorder and depression.
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MEMORANDUM DECISION Pursuant to Ind. Appellate Rule 65(D), this Memorandum Decision shall not be FILED regarded as precedent or cited before any Jul 31 2019, 10:50 am court except for the purpose of establishing CLERK the defense of res judicata, collateral Indiana Supreme Court Court of Appeals estoppel, or the law of the case. and Tax Court
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE Ernest P. Galos Curtis T. Hill, Jr. South Bend, Indiana Attorney General of Indiana
Sierra A. Murray Deputy Attorney General Indianapolis, Indiana
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF INDIANA
Philip Cazallis, July 31, 2019 Appellant-Defendant, Court of Appeals Case No. 19A-CR-37 v. Appeal from the St. Joseph Superior Court State of Indiana, The Honorable John M. Appellee-Plaintiff Marnocha, Judge The Honorable Elizabeth A. Hardtke, Magistrate Trial Court Cause No. 71D02-1609-CM-4870
May, Judge.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-37 | July 31, 2019 Page 1 of 8 [1] Philip Cazallis appeals following his convictions of Class A misdemeanor
operating a vehicle while intoxicated endangering a person (“OVWI”) 1 and
Class B misdemeanor disorderly conduct. 2 He challenges the appropriateness
of his sentence. We affirm.
Facts and Procedural History [2] On September 8, 2016, Cazallis drove a moped while intoxicated. He lost
control of the moped and flipped over near the intersection of Apple Road and
Washington Street in St. Joseph County. Police officers responded to the
scene. Cazallis could not remain upright, and the officers smelled alcohol on
his breath. They administered field sobriety tests and measured Cazallis’ blood
alcohol content. Cazallis failed all the field sobriety tests and registered a blood
alcohol level of 0.17. The State charged Cazallis with OVWI.
[3] On March 7, 2017, police officers responded to a report that Cazallis was on his
front porch yelling and disturbing his neighbors. The officers could smell
alcohol on his breath and noticed a bottle of whiskey sitting next to him. They
told Cazallis to quiet down, and they left. However, the officers received a call
that Cazallis was continuing to disturb his neighbors, so they returned to his
1 Ind. Code § 9-30-5-2. 2 Ind. Code § 35-45-1-3.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-37 | July 31, 2019 Page 2 of 8 house and arrested him. Subsequently, the State charged Cazallis with
disorderly conduct.
[4] On November 9, 2018, Cazallis agreed to plead guilty to the OVWI charge and
the disorderly conduct charge. In exchange, the State agreed to dismiss a
different operating while intoxicated charge and a resisting law enforcement
charge. The plea agreement left sentencing to the discretion of the trial court.
[5] The trial court held a change of plea hearing on November 9, 2018, and a
sentencing hearing on December 4, 2018. At the beginning of the sentencing
hearing, Cazallis notified the court that, earlier that morning in another
courtroom, he had received a six-month executed sentence for a separate
conviction of Level 6 felony operating while intoxicated. The parties and trial
court also reviewed the existing pre-sentence investigation report from that case
for use in the misdemeanor cases.
[6] The trial court sentenced Cazallis to ninety days in jail for disorderly conduct
and to 365 days in jail for OVWI. The court also assessed a $200 drug and
alcohol fee, and suspended Cazallis’ driver’s license for 365 days. The court
ordered Cazallis to serve the OVWI sentence consecutive to his disorderly
conduct sentence and to Cazallis’ sentence for Level 6 felony operating while
intoxicated. Thus, Cazallis’ aggregate sentence on the OVWI charge and the
disorderly conduct charge is 455 days.
Discussion and Decision
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-37 | July 31, 2019 Page 3 of 8 [7] We “may revise a sentence authorized by statute if, after due consideration of
the trial court’s decision, [we find] the sentence is inappropriate in light of the
nature of the offense and the character of the offender.” Ind. R. App. P. 7(B).
Our role in reviewing a sentence pursuant to Appellate Rule 7(B) “should be to
attempt to leaven the outliers, and identify some guiding principles for trial
courts and those charged with improvement of the sentencing statutes, but not
to achieve a perceived ‘correct’ result in each case.” Cardwell v. State, 895
N.E.2d 1219, 1225 (Ind. 2008). “The defendant bears the burden of persuading
this court that his or her sentence is inappropriate.” Kunberger v. State, 46
N.E.3d 966, 972 (Ind. Ct. App. 2015). “Whether a sentence is inappropriate
ultimately turns on the culpability of the defendant, the severity of the crime,
the damage done to others, and a myriad of other factors that come to light in a
given case.” Thompson v. State, 5 N.E.3d 383, 391 (Ind. Ct. App. 2014).
[8] Preliminarily, we note Cazallis’ argument on appeal addresses the
appropriateness of only his sentence for OVWI. (See Br. of Appellant at 9-12.)
However, “appellate review should focus on the forest—the aggregate
sentence—rather than the trees—consecutive or concurrent, number of counts,
or length of the sentence on any individual count.” Cardwell, 895 N.E.2d at
1225. Consequently, when a defendant pleads guilty via a single plea
agreement to offenses charged under separate cause numbers, we review the
defendant’s aggregate sentence under the plea agreement. Moyer v. State, 83
N.E.3d 136, 140 (Ind. Ct. App. 2017) (Court declined defendant’s invitation to
review his sentence with regards to only certain counts because to do so “would
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-37 | July 31, 2019 Page 4 of 8 essentially amount to ignoring important aspects of the contract between the
parties, such as the substantial benefit that he received in exchange for his guilty
plea. The plea agreement represented a single transaction that ‘embodied the
entire agreement between the parties.’”) (quoting Webb v. State, 941 N.E.2d
1082, 1087-88 (Ind. Ct. App. 2011), trans. denied), trans. denied. Therefore, we
evaluate whether Cazallis’ aggregate sentence for OVWI and disorderly
conduct is inappropriate in light of the nature of his offenses and his character.
[9] A Class A misdemeanor is punishable by up to one-year imprisonment and a
fine of not more than $5,000. Ind. Code § 35-50-3-2. A Class B misdemeanor
is punishable by up to 180 days imprisonment and a fine of not more than
$1,000. Ind. Code § 35-50-3-3. Thus, both Cazallis’ sentence for OVWI and
his sentence for disorderly conduct are within the statutory ranges.
[10] Cazallis acknowledges he suffers from substance abuse issues. He is highly
educated. He has earned two bachelor’s degrees, one in mechanical technology
and the second in mechanical engineering. He held gainful employment until
he became disabled due to bipolar disorder and depression. Cazallis testified he
has sought mental health treatment through the years, and he admitted using
alcohol and other substances to cope with his mental health issues. Cazallis
also notes he was fifty-five years old at the time of sentencing and resided with
his wife and two children. Further, the probation department categorized
Cazallis as a low risk to reoffend. Cazallis also points out that his executed
sentence for the Class A misdemeanor OVWI is longer than the executed
sentence he received for Level 6 felony operating while intoxicated on the same
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-37 | July 31, 2019 Page 5 of 8 day. He argues the “sentence imposed was only punitive in nature and [does]
not serve to rehabilitate by failing to take into account the positive aspects of
[Cazallis’] life.” (Appellant Br. at 11-12.)
[11] Nevertheless, Cazallis’ OVWI offense endangered himself and others. He
flipped his moped, drove with a blood alcohol content of over twice the legal
limit, failed all the field sobriety tests, and had trouble standing up.
Additionally, regarding Cazallis’ disorderly conduct conviction, the officers
initially gave him a warning to quiet down. However, Cazallis ignored the
warning and continued to disturb his neighbors. This behavior resulted in the
officers returning to Cazallis’ house to arrest him.
[12] Our Indiana Supreme Court has observed “the role of a defendant’s mental
illness in the commission of a crime may, in exceptional and extraordinary
circumstances, be considered in a Rule 7(B) appellate sentence review in
evaluating the nature of the offense.” Helsley v. State, 43 N.E.3d 225, 229 (Ind.
2015). However, while acknowledging Cazallis’ mental health and substance
abuse issues, we do not find them so extraordinary as to diminish the gravity of
Cazallis’ offenses. See Scott v. State, 840 N.E.2d 376, 383 (Ind. Ct. App. 2006)
(holding defendant’s bipolar disorder was entitled to little weight as mitigating
factor), trans. denied.
[13] A defendant may demonstrate that his sentence is inappropriate given his
character by putting forth evidence of “substantial virtuous traits or persistent
examples of good character.” Stephenson v. State, 29 N.E.3d 111, 122 (Ind.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-37 | July 31, 2019 Page 6 of 8 2015). On the other hand, a criminal history of similar offenses may justify a
harsher sentence. See Ludack v. State, 967 N.E.2d 41, 49 (Ind. Ct. App. 2012)
(holding defendant’s act of child molestation while on parole for rape warranted
imposing consecutive sentences), trans. denied. Imprisonment has both deterrent
and punitive effects. Moore v. Ferguson, 680 N.E.2d 862, 865 (Ind. Ct. App.
1997), trans. denied. Cazallis has repeatedly committed alcohol related and low-
level felony and misdemeanor offenses. This OVWI conviction was Cazallis’
fourth conviction of operating a vehicle while intoxicated. In fact, he was
sentenced for a Level 6 felony operating while intoxicated conviction earlier in
the day. He also has a previous conviction of possession of marijuana and three
convictions of criminal mischief. Even though Cazallis received treatment for
his mental health issues in the past, he still committed the instant offenses.
Consequently, we cannot say Cazallis’ sentence was inappropriate given the
gravity of his offenses and his character. See Wheeler v. State, 95 N.E.3d 149,
161 (Ind. Ct. App. 2018) (holding defendant’s sentence for operating a motor
vehicle with an alcohol concentration equivalent to 0.15 and enhancing
defendant’s sentence for being a habitual vehicular substance offender was not
inappropriate given the nature of the offense and defendant’s character).
Conclusion [14] We affirm because Cazallis’ sentence was not inappropriate given the nature of
the offenses and his character.
Affirmed.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-37 | July 31, 2019 Page 7 of 8 Mathias, J., and Brown, J., concur.
Court of Appeals of Indiana | Memorandum Decision 19A-CR-37 | July 31, 2019 Page 8 of 8