Phelps v. State

75 So. 877, 16 Ala. App. 161, 1917 Ala. App. LEXIS 219

• Court: Alabama Court of Appeals
• Decided: May 29, 1917
• Docket: 5 Div. 250.
• Status: Published

Opinions

BROWN, P. J.

[1] The state’s witness . Burt testified that he, as constable of beat 10, Russell county, in executing a search warrant for prohibited liquors, seized a large quantity of liquors, the witness estimating the amount at “about 50 drayloads,” consisting of whisky in barrels and bottles and beer in cases. The witness was allowed to testify to a statement made by the defendant to the officers who seized the liquors, after proper predicate showing that the statement was voluntary, that the whisky seized was his, “and that if the rest of them would consent to it, he, the defendant, would be perfectly willing for the officers to take his and burn it up or throw it in the river.” The defendant made timely objection to this testimony, and moved to exclude it on the ground that it was privileged under the provisions of subdivision-13, § 22, of the act apliroved January 23, 1915 (Acts 1915, pp. 23, 24), providing:

“No person excepting one who answers claiming some right, title, or interest in the liquors so seized shall be excused from attending and testifying or producing any books, papers, or other documents before any court or judge or justice upon any * * * hearing or trial upon the ground or for the reason that the testimony or evidence, documentary, or otherwise, required of him may tend to convict him of a crime or to subject him to a penalty or forfeiture; but no person shall be prosecuted or subjected to any penalty or forfeiture for or on account of any transaction, matter or thing concerning which he may so testify or produce evidence, documentary or /otherwise, and no testimony so given or produced shall be received against him upon any criminal investigation, trial, or proceeding.”

The language of the act quoted has no application to a voluntary statement made by a party out of court. It clearly applies to testimony given on tbe trial of the proceedings to condemn liquor so seized, and the ruling of the court was free from error.

Furthermore, the defendant, on the -trial of this case, voluntarily testified in his own behalf that -the liquors seized by the officers were his, and that he had them stored in the building where they were found. Pressnall v. State, ante, p. 72, 75 South. 278; Kelsoe v. State, 15 Ala. App. 461, 73 South. 831.

The evidence shows that in the building where the defendant had this large quantity of liquors stored there was a bar operated during the time covered by the indictment, and that liquors-were sold over''the counter to those who desired to purchase; that this place was open to easy access, and had all the atmosphere of an open saloon; and there was evidence tending to show that the defendant was connected with its operation. In view of this evidence, the rulings of the court on the defendant’s objections to the solicitor’s argument were free from error.

Under the defendant’s testimony, he was guilty of having in his possession moré liquors than allowed by law, and Hiere was no error in giving the affirmative charge for Hie state, as requested by the solicitor in writing, as to the eighth count of the indictment. O’Rear v. State, 15 Ala. App. 17, 72 South. 505.

[2] The bill of exceptions recites:

“When the court finished charging the jury, the court asked the defendant’s counsel if he was satisfied with the court’s charge, whereupon the defendant’s counsel said. ‘Defendant excepts to each and every paragraph and sentence of the court’s charge to the jury’; but no particular part of the charge was pointed out to the court as being objectionable.”

Under repeated rulings, this exception presents nothing for review. B. R., L. & P. Co. v. Friedman, 187 Ala. 570, 65 South. 939; Bonner v. State, 107 Ala. 106, 18 South. 226; Addington v. State, ante, p. 10, 74 South. 846.

[3] The special charges refused to the defendant were requested on the -theory that it was not a violation of the statute for the defendant to retain in his possession liquors that were owned and possessed by him before the prohibition law-s were passed and became operative. This question was ruled against defendant’s contention in O’Bear v. State. Able counsel in argument and brief make no reference to the refused charges, and we deem it unnecessary to analyze them.

[4] There is no error in the judgment of conviction, and that will be affirmed. Ex parte Robinson, 183 Ala. 30, 63 South. 177. The court erred, however, in imposing the sentence. The statute (Code 1907, § 6583) provides that:.

“No person shall be sentenced to hard labor for the county so that the aggregate of the sentences on two or more convictions shall exceed two years for the crime, and the aggregate sentences for costs shall not exceed fifteen months”

—and section 7620 provides:

“And in all cases in which the period of imprisonment in the penitentiary- or hard labor for the county is more than two years, the judge must sentence the party to imprisonment in the penitentiary.”

The latter section embraces both felonies and misdemeanors, and the character of the sentence provided for therein is the sentence imposed as- a punishment for crime and not for costs. This conclusion is irresistible when we consider that in sentences to the penitentiary there is no sentence to pay costs. We, therefore, hold that when the sentence is to hard labor for the county, the court may impose a sentence of not exceeding 2 years as a punishment for crime, and 15 months additional for the payment of the costs; but when the term imposed. as a punishment for the crime is for more than 2 years, the convict must be sentenced to the penitentiary. Ex parte Bobinson, supra.

[5] The effect of section 30 of the act, passed over the Governor’s veto January 27, 1915 (Acts 1915, p. 31), was to authorize the joinder of several offenses in separate counts in the same indictment, and conviction and judgment under each, as upon separate indictments for each of said offenses.

The judgment of conviction is therefore affirmed, but the sentence is set aside and vacated, and the cause remanded to the circuit court for sentence in accordance with the law.

Affirmed in part, and in part reversed and remanded.