People v. Villanueva

144 A.D.2d 285, 534 N.Y.S.2d 166, 1988 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 15106

Opinion

Judgment, Supreme Court, Bronx County (George Covington, J.), rendered February 4, 1987, convicting defendant, after a jury trial, of robbery in the first degree, and sentencing him, as an armed violent felony offender, to an indeterminate prison term of 8 to 16 years, modified, on the law, the facts, and as a matter of discretion in the interest of justice, to vacate the sentence, and the matter is remanded for resentencing, and otherwise affirmed.

The record of the sentencing proceeding in this conviction for a taxicab robbery reveals that the court, in determining defendant’s sentence, relied upon a 1981 arrest on weapons charges and a 1983 arrest for unauthorized use of a vehicle. In each of these matters, however, all of the charges against defendant had been dismissed. The record further indicates that the court took into account an indictment for robbery which was then pending against the defendant. That indictment, we are informed, resulted in an acquittal after a jury trial held subsequent to the within sentencing. The record before us also reveals that the court considered unsupported allegations of "crack” use by defendant.

In addition to the above factors, the prosecutor, at sentencing, urged the court to consider 15 unsolved taxicab robberies that the police suspected defendant of having committed. The prosecutor, however, did not possess any evidence linking the defendant to those 15 unsolved robberies, and, indeed, conceded that indictments were "highly unlikely” because the victims were unable to make identifications.

Despite the fact that the case before the sentencing court represented defendant’s first felony conviction, it held that "[t]he present crime conforms with [defendant’s] prior criminality”, and sentenced defendant, on the basis of the foregoing information, to an indeterminate prison term of 8 to 16 years.

As a matter of due process, a court may not use extraneous crimes to enhance a sentence unless it first has ascertained, by way of accurate, reliable evidence that defendant actually committed those crimes. (See, Townsend v Burke, 334 US 736, 740 [1948]; United States v Pugliese, 805 F2d 1117, 1124 ([2d Cir 1986].) In the within matter, the sentencing record, taken as a whole, is so permeated with improper considerations and prejudicial references that we conclude defendant was deprived of due process of law.

Accordingly, the sentence is vacated, the matter is remanded for resentencing, and the judgment is otherwise affirmed. Concur — Murphy, P. J., Carro and Asch, JJ.

Kupferman and Smith, JJ., dissent in a memorandum by Smith, J., as follows: I would affirm the conviction and would not reduce the sentence. The sentencing court did not improperly sentence the defendant for a crime or crimes for which he was not convicted.

The defendant was convicted of robbery in the first degree and sentenced as a violent felony offender to 8 to 16 years in prison. The conviction grew out of the robbery of a taxicab driver. At the sentence the District Attorney noted that there had been approximately 15 other cab robberies similar to that for which the defendant had been convicted. He also stated that it was unlikely that any of those 15 cases would be tried. He further noted that the defendant had been indicted for one other cab robbery and that that indictment was then pending.

When the defense attorney spoke, he noted that the defendant had not been tried for a pending charge of robbing another taxicab and that the defendant should be presumed innocent. The court replied, "Let me assure you that I do.” The defense attorney went on to say that he was certain that the court would not sentence the defendant "for 15 alleged other crimes in the city or maybe 1500 other crimes in the city.” While the court did not specifically reply to the comment, there was nothing in the record to suggest that the court was sentencing defendant for 15 uncharged crimes.

The court, as it had a right to do, summarized, paraphrased and quoted liberally from the probation report. One of the sentences it quoted was that, "The present crime involving use of a weapon conforms with his prior criminality.” Unfortunately, although quoting the probation report, this and other portions of that report are not in quotation marks in the sentence minutes. Nevertheless, the record demonstrates that the defendant was sentenced only for the crime for which he was convicted.