People v. Norton

164 A.D.2d 343, 563 N.Y.S.2d 802, 1990 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 15464
CourtAppellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York
DecidedDecember 18, 1990
StatusPublished
Cited by17 cases

This text of 164 A.D.2d 343 (People v. Norton) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
People v. Norton, 164 A.D.2d 343, 563 N.Y.S.2d 802, 1990 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 15464 (N.Y. Ct. App. 1990).

Opinion

OPINION OF THE COURT

Carro, J.

It is axiomatic that a criminal conviction cannot be sustained where the People’s proof is based upon hearsay evidence unless an exception to the rule against hearsay is applicable. In the case herein appealed from, the trial court ruled that a series of statements, made by defendant’s alleged victim, were admissible as excited utterances. However, because the circumstances surrounding the hearsay statements cannot reasonably support the conclusion that the statements were made under the influence of a startling event, we hold that the statements constituted inadmissible hearsay. Their admission into evidence therefore violated defendant’s fundamental right to confrontation, and a reversal is required.

Paul Roídos was stabbed in the right leg at 7:20 p.m. in the evening on January 17, 1989 on West 19th Street between Seventh and Eighth Avenues in the Chelsea area of New York County. Of this, there is no question. Neither is there any [345]*345question that he sustained a two centimeter cut. Thus, the sole issue at trial, which while not complex, was hotly contested, was who, in fact, stabbed Roídos.

In this regard, Roídos, who refused to testify at trial was, nonetheless, the star of the show, if not the star witness.1 His accusations of defendant were, over vociferous and specific objections, admitted under the excited utterance exception to the hearsay rule; His tape recorded recantation was offered by defendant to impeach the credibility of these initial accusations, made on the evening in question.

At 7:20 p.m. on the date of occurrence, Police Officers Luis Hernandez and Joseph Orosz were in their marked patrol car when a Hispanic man—Roídos—"hopped” or "was running” towards their car while simultaneously holding his right thigh. The officers testified that they were apprehensive at Roídos’ approach, believing he may attempt to engage in some sort of criminal conduct. Hernandez then testified that Roídos "was sweating, white, he had a scared look on his face” and "was speaking very fast and seemed very frightened.” Defense counsel’s prompt and duly made objection that any forthcoming statements by Roídos could not be admitted as excited utterances because, inter alia, he had time to reflect, was curtailed by the court. The court determined that Roídos’ statements were admissible because they were made "on the very heels of the event in question” by a "scared” Roídos.

Hernandez was then permitted to testify that, upon his inquiry as to what was wrong, Roídos told him, "I have been stabbed, get me to the hospital.” Answering Roídos’ request with one of his own, Orosz told Roídos to get into the back seat of the car; Roídos complied, without benefit nor, apparently, any need of assistance.

After Roídos got into the car, Hernandez asked him to describe the assailant; Roídos answered that he had been stabbed by a "white guy, tall, three-quarter length beige down jacket.” Significantly, he did not tell the officers during this second statement either that he knew his attacker or had knowledge of where the attacker lived. According to Hernandez, Roídos did not include any facial hair in the description; Orosz in contrast, testified that Roídos did include a mustache [346]*346in the description. Both officers duly recorded descriptions in their memobooks.

Approximately one minute later, another Hispanic man, Roídos’ friend Jason Joshua, approached the police car, asking Roídos what happened. In response to this inquiry, Roídos allegedly answered, "Patty that motherfucker, stabbed me.”2 This alleged third statement was the first to include any personal reference. It is noteworthy that not only did neither officer record this alleged statement, but Orosz did not testify to it in the Grand Jury.

This third alleged statement prompted not only an objection, but a motion for a mistrial from defense counsel. The court, in overruling and denying, respectively, told defense counsel "a leg wound can be a fatal injury,” and specifically ruled that the statement to Joshua was included in "a continuing conversation still within the compass of the excited utterance.”

Roídos was brought to St. Vincent’s Hospital in Greenwich Village; despite Roídos’ wound, the officers stopped, en route, at Eighth Avenue and 17th Street and had a conversation with a group of men. As a result of this conversation, Hernandez and Orosz split up, with the former going into a subway entrance, and the latter proceeding to take Roídos to the hospital. Orosz testified that on the way to the hospital, but after the officers had stopped at 17th Street, Roídos made a fourth statement, that "he was scared, he wanted to get rushed to the hospital as quickly as possible”, because "he thought he was losing a lot of blood and that he was going to die.” Defense counsel objected and was overruled yet again.

Hernandez did not observe anyone in the subway who met the description, and so proceeded to the hospital. In the meantime, the description, including facial hair features of a mustache and beard, was broadcast on the police radio. Roídos made another statement, correcting the description, telling Orosz the assailant had a mustache, but not a beard. Orosz had this corrected description broadcast, and then, apparently for the first time, asked Roídos if he knew the assailant. Responding to the inquiry, Roídos answered in the affirmative [347]*347and, curiously, only then, after having made five previous statements, told Orosz he had been with Joshua when he was stabbed. Significantly, Orosz conceded at trial that he failed to record these alleged statements in his memobook, and never questioned Joshua. Arriving at the hospital, at approximately 7:30 p.m., Orosz helped Roídos, who by then could not walk unassisted, out of the car and supported him as they went inside. Orosz recalled at trial that it was only at this time that he noticed "a wetness down about four inches below [sic] his knee,” and blood on the back seat.

Contemporaneous with this, Police Officers David Ojeda and Edward Modrak, with their respective partners, were on patrol when they heard the radio description of the suspect, and proceeded to the subway station at 23rd Street and Eighth Avenue in order to cut off a potential escape route. Ojeda told the conductor of the train on the platform not to open the doors. Officers at either end of the platform walked towards one another while scanning the cars for the assailant. Modrak and Ojeda simultaneously saw defendant, who indisputably matched the description given by Roídos, in one of the cars of the train. Modrak testified that, upon seeing the officers, defendant went between two cars, took an object, later discovered to be the knife used in the stabbing, from his right jacket pocket and surreptitiously dropped it to the track, where it "clanked” to the ground.

The officers ordered defendant to stop, which he did, and then arrested him. Defendant objected, stating that he was on his way home from work to New Jersey and asking what was the matter. When the train departed, Ojeda recovered from the track a brown-handled knife which had bloodstains on both sides. Ojeda asked defendant if the knife was his, which he denied. Upon learning that the victim was at St. Vincent’s Hospital, Ojeda brought defendant there, arriving at approximately 7:30 p.m.

At the hospital, Ojeda also interviewed Roídos. He asked for a description, which Roídos gave.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
164 A.D.2d 343, 563 N.Y.S.2d 802, 1990 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 15464, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/people-v-norton-nyappdiv-1990.