People v. Morgan

111 A.D.3d 1254, 974 N.Y.S.2d 687
CourtAppellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York
DecidedNovember 8, 2013
StatusPublished
Cited by32 cases

This text of 111 A.D.3d 1254 (People v. Morgan) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
People v. Morgan, 111 A.D.3d 1254, 974 N.Y.S.2d 687 (N.Y. Ct. App. 2013).

Opinion

Appeal from a judgment of the Supreme Court, Erie County (Penny M. Wolfgang, J.), rendered July 20, 2011. The judgment convicted defendant, upon a jury verdict, of burglary in the second degree, grand larceny in the third degree, criminal possession of a forged instrument in the second degree and criminal possession of a controlled substance in the seventh degree.

It is hereby ordered that the judgment so appealed from is unanimously reversed on the law and as a matter of discretion in the interest of justice, a new trial is granted on counts one and three of the indictment, and counts two and four of the indictment are dismissed.

Memorandum: Defendant appeals from a judgment convicting him upon a jury verdict of burglary in the second degree (Penal Law § 140.25 [2]), grand larceny in the third degree (former § 155.35), criminal possession of a forged instrument in the second degree (§ 170.25), and criminal possession of a controlled substance in the seventh degree (§ 220.03). Defendant was [1255]*1255convicted upon a retrial after we reversed the first judgment of conviction based on a Batson violation (People v Morgan, 75 AD3d 1050, 1051-1053 [2010], lv denied 15 NY3d 894 [2010]). Although on the prior appeal we did not need to address on the merits defendant’s contention that he was deprived of a fair trial by prosecutorial misconduct inasmuch as we granted a new trial on Batson grounds, we nevertheless “note[d] our strong disapproval of the misconduct of the prosecutor on summation in improperly shifting the burden of proof onto defendant and in improperly vouching for the credibility of the People’s witnesses” (id. at 1053). We noted that, “[a]mong other objectionable remarks, the prosecutor stated on summation that ‘[t]he only way that you can find the defendant not guilty of burglary is if you believe that he falsely admitted to a crime that he didn’t commit[,]’ ” and that, “ ‘to believe what [defendant] want[s] you to believe, you have to conclude that [two police detectives] are liars. Two police officers with forty years of experience between them . . . They’re going to come in here and perjure themselves on the stand, and risk prosecution themselves, for what? For this?’ ” (id. at 1053-1054).

On this appeal, defendant again contends that reversal is warranted based upon prosecutorial misconduct on summation, and we agree. Despite our prior admonition on defendant’s first appeal, the prosecutor on retrial repeated some of the improper comments from the first summation and made additional comments that we conclude are improper. The prosecutor improperly denigrated the defense and defense counsel, repeatedly characterizing the defense as “noise,” “nonsense” and a “distraction [ ],” and arguing that defense counsel was fabricating facts and attempting to mislead the jury (see People v Miller, 104 AD3d 1223, 1223-1224 [2013], lv denied 21 NY3d 1017 [2013]; People v Lopez, 96 AD3d 1621, 1622 [2012], lv denied 19 NY3d 998 [2012]; People v Spann, 82 AD3d 1013, 1015 [2011]). In one of the more troubling passages in her summation, the prosecutor stated, “You are here for the People of the State of New York versus [defendant] . . . It is not about who isn’t sitting at the defense table, it is about who is. Are you buying it? Because that’s what they’re selling. Theories disguised as arguments and posturing as evidence. And I’m not suggesting the defendant has the burden of proving anything because the burden rests with the People, but by the same token, it doesn’t give counsel license to make stuff up and pretend that it’s evidence. They all have something in common. These theories, they’re noise, they’re nonsense. They want you to be distracted. Do not be distracted.”

In addition, the prosecutor misstated the evidence and the [1256]*1256law (see People v Riback, 13 NY3d 416, 423 [2009]; Spann, 82 AD3d at 1015-1016; People v Hetherington, 229 AD2d 916, 917 [1996], lv denied 88 NY2d 1021 [1996]), made an inappropriate “guilt by association” argument (see People v Parker, 178 AD2d 665, 666 [1991]), and improperly characterized the case as “about finding the truth and it is as simple as that” (see People v Ward, 107 AD3d 1605, 1606-1607 [2013]; People v Benedetto, 294 AD2d 958, 959 [2002]; People v Smith, 184 AD2d 326, 326 [1992], lv denied 80 NY2d 910 [1992]). Perhaps the prosecutor’s most egregious misconduct occurred when she made herself an unsworn witness and injected the integrity of the District Attorney’s office into the case (see People v Moye, 12 NY3d 743, 744 [2009]; People v Clark, 195 AD2d 988, 990 [1993]). With respect to a chief prosecution witness, who did not testify at the first trial and who turned herself in on a warrant the day prior to her testimony, the prosecutor stated: “When she arrived at our offices, she was escorted over to Buffalo City Court because she had a warrant, because that’s what you have to do, and she was released on her own recognizance by the judge. And let me be very clear here when we talk about promises to witnesses or benefits that they received. Let me be very clear. Neither myself, nor [the other prosecuting attorney], nor anyone from our office, ever promised her anything in exchange for her testimony” (emphasis added). The Court of Appeals condemned similar comments by the prosecutor in People v Carter (40 NY2d 933, 934-935 [1976]).

In light of the foregoing, we conclude that reversal is warranted based on the pervasive and at times egregious misconduct on summation, particularly in light of our previous admonition to the People in this matter (see Spann, 82 AD3d at 1015-1016; People v Wlasiuk, 32 AD3d 674, 681 [2006], lv dismissed 7 NY3d 871 [2006]). In short, as we said more than 15 years ago, “[i]t would seem, by now, unnecessary to emphasize again that the duty of the prosecutor is to honor established legal principles, not to secure a conviction by any and all means” (People v Paul, 229 AD2d 932, 933 [1996]).

We further agree with defendant that the evidence is legally insufficient to support the conviction of grand larceny in the third degree because there is insufficient evidence that the value of the stolen property exceeded $3,000 (see Penal Law former § 155.35). Although defendant failed to preserve that contention for our review (see People v Snyder, 100 AD3d 1367, 1367-1368 [2012], lv denied 21 NY3d 1010 [2013]), we nevertheless exercise our power to address it as a matter of discretion in the interest of justice (see CPL 470.15 [6] [a]). The value of stolen property [1257]*1257is “the market value of the property at the time and place of the crime, or if such cannot be satisfactorily ascertained, the cost of replacement of the property within a reasonable time after the crime” (Penal Law § 155.20 [1]). It is well established that “a victim must provide a basis of knowledge for his [or her] statement of value before it can be accepted as legally sufficient evidence of such value” (People v Lopez, 79 NY2d 402, 404 [1992]), and that “[c]onclusory statements and rough estimates of value are not sufficient” (People v Loomis, 56 AD3d 1046, 1047 [2008]).

Here, the stolen property consisted of a PlayStation video game console, video games, DVDs, a laptop, an external hard drive, and other miscellaneous computer equipment.

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

People v. Reid
218 A.D.3d 1273 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 2023)
People v. Fick
2018 NY Slip Op 8788 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 2018)
People v. Young
2017 NY Slip Op 6779 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 2017)
People v. Casiano
2017 NY Slip Op 2053 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 2017)
MANIGAULT, DERRICK, PEOPLE v
Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 2016
People v. Manigault
145 A.D.3d 1428 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 2016)
People v. McCray
53 Misc. 3d 19 (Appellate Terms of the Supreme Court of New York, 2016)
BARNES, JESSE J., PEOPLE v
Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 2016
People v. Barnes
139 A.D.3d 1371 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 2016)
CLARK, DONALD, PEOPLE v
Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 2016
People v. Clark
138 A.D.3d 1449 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 2016)
PORTER, ERIC, PEOPLE v
Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 2016
People v. Porter
136 A.D.3d 1344 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 2016)
JONES, MICHAEL DENNIS, PEOPLE v
Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 2015
People v. Jones
134 A.D.3d 1588 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 2015)
CRUZ, MICHAEL, PEOPLE v
Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 2015
People v. Cruz
130 A.D.3d 1538 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 2015)
People v. Joyner
126 A.D.3d 1002 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 2015)
People v. Scheidelman
125 A.D.3d 1426 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 2015)
PeoplevGuarnieri
Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 2014

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
111 A.D.3d 1254, 974 N.Y.S.2d 687, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/people-v-morgan-nyappdiv-2013.