People v. Meza

251 Cal. Rptr. 3d 250, 38 Cal. App. 5th 821
CourtCalifornia Court of Appeal, 5th District
DecidedAugust 14, 2019
DocketE070015
StatusPublished
Cited by4 cases

This text of 251 Cal. Rptr. 3d 250 (People v. Meza) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering California Court of Appeal, 5th District primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
People v. Meza, 251 Cal. Rptr. 3d 250, 38 Cal. App. 5th 821 (Cal. Ct. App. 2019).

Opinion

SLOUGH J.

*823Jimmy Flores Meza appeals his conviction for misdemeanor child endangerment. ( Pen. Code, § 273a, subd. (b), unlabeled statutory citations refer to this code.)

The Riverside County District Attorney charged Meza with felony child endangerment *252about two years after he assaulted his 17-year-old daughter on the street. ( § 273a, subd. (a).) At the People's request and without objection from Meza, the trial court directed the jury that it could find him guilty of felony child endangerment or the lesser included offense of misdemeanor child endangerment. A jury found him not guilty of the felony, but guilty of the misdemeanor.

On appeal, Meza argues for reversal because the one-year statute of limitations had run on the misdemeanor offense. The People argue he forfeited this ground for attacking his conviction because his attorney generally assented to the People's requested jury instructions. We conclude general consent to a prosecutor's packet of instructions does not forfeit the statute of limitations objection. Because it is uncontested that Meza's misdemeanor conviction was time-barred, we reverse the judgment.1

*824I

FACTS

On September 20, 2014, Meza and his 17-year-old daughter got into an argument in their car. His daughter got out of the car and ran, but Meza chased and caught her. He grabbed her by the hair, she fell to the ground, and Meza then hit her head on the sidewalk about three times and also kicked her. She ended up with a golf ball-sized lump on the back of her head, a bruise above her eye, scratches on her neck, and abrasions on her arms.

Two years later, on September 28, 2016, the district attorney filed a felony complaint charging Meza with felony child endangerment. ( § 273a, subd. (a).) On April 21, 2017, they filed an information with the same charge.

On February 7, 2018, the prosecutor submitted a list of requested jury instructions. The list included a request for an instruction on the lesser included misdemeanor offense. However, the prosecutor did not request an instruction on the statute of limitations. The only thing we know about Meza's consideration of the instructions is the court asked both sides, "Do you both accept the instructions to be given in this case?" Like the prosecutor, Meza's counsel responded, "Yes, your honor." The trial court instructed the jury on the lesser included misdemeanor offense, but gave no statute of limitations instruction. When the court instructed the jury on the lesser included misdemeanor offense, Meza's counsel didn't object.

The next day, the jury found Meza not guilty of felony child endangerment, but guilty of the lesser included misdemeanor offense. Meza filed a timely notice of appeal.

II

ANALYSIS

Meza argues his conviction cannot stand because the statute of limitations had run. The People don't contest that fact, but argue he forfeited that basis for appeal by agreeing to the lesser included jury instruction. Meza responds he didn't forfeit the position because the People, not he, requested the instruction, and his attorney's general acceptance of the whole packet of instructions they requested *253doesn't show his agreement to the lesser included instruction. *825The statute of limitations for a felony offense is three years plus any tolling. (§§ 801, 803, subd. (c).) The statute of limitations for a misdemeanor is generally one year and tolling does not apply. (§§ 802, subd. (a), 803, subd. (c).) This shorter statute of limitations applies even when the misdemeanor is a lesser included offense of an offense that was charged as a felony. (§ 805, subd. (b) ["The limitation of time applicable to an offense that is necessarily included within a greater offense is the limitation of time applicable to the lesser included offense, regardless of the limitation of time applicable to the greater offense"].) The statute of limitations completely bars prosecution.

Our Supreme Court has recognized-in a child endangerment case-that "the statute of limitations ... may be raised as a time bar at any time. [Citation.] If the offense is an alternative felony/misdemeanor (a 'wobbler') initially charged as a felony, the three-year statute of limitations for felonies (see § 801) applies, without regard to the ultimate reduction to a misdemeanor after the filing of the complaint. [Citation.] If, however, the initial charge is a felony but the defendant is convicted of a necessarily included misdemeanor, the one-year limitation period for misdemeanor applies." ( People v. Mincey (1992) 2 Cal.4th 408, 453, 6 Cal.Rptr.2d 822, 827 P.2d 388.) Under circumstances very like the facts in this case, the Court held where "the reductions of [child endangerment] counts were based on the offenses as necessarily included misdemeanors and not as the statutory alternatives ... the convictions ... are barred by the one-year statute of limitations for misdemeanors." ( Ibid. )

However, it is possible to intentionally relinquish the protection of the statute of limitations. In Cowan v. Superior Court (1996) 14 Cal.4th 367, 58 Cal.Rptr.2d 458, 926 P.2d 438 ( Cowan ), the Supreme Court abrogated long-settled precedent holding the statute of limitations implicated the courts' subject matter jurisdiction. Cowan decided defendants may plead guilty to time-barred lesser offenses as part of negotiated dispositions, provided they do so for their own benefit and with an express informed waiver of the right to assert the statute. ( Id. at p. 374, 58 Cal.Rptr.2d 458, 926 P.2d 438.) Cowan distinguished between an express waiver and forfeiture by failure to assert the right and declined to hold "the statute of limitations in criminal cases is an affirmative defense, which is forfeited if a defendant fails to raise it before or at trial." ( Id. at pp.

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

People v. Yanez CA5
California Court of Appeal, 2026
People v. Agboola CA2/2
California Court of Appeal, 2025
People v. Orozco CA4/2
California Court of Appeal, 2025
People v. Walton CA5
California Court of Appeal, 2025
People v. Bass CA6
California Court of Appeal, 2023

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
251 Cal. Rptr. 3d 250, 38 Cal. App. 5th 821, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/people-v-meza-calctapp5d-2019.