2023 IL App (4th) 220069-U NOTICE FILED This Order was filed under February 14, 2023 NO. 4-22-0069 Supreme Court Rule 23 and is Carla Bender not precedent except in the 4th District Appellate limited circumstances allowed IN THE APPELLATE COURT Court, IL under Rule 23(e)(1). OF ILLINOIS
FOURTH DISTRICT
THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, ) Appeal from the Plaintiff-Appellee, ) Circuit Court of v. ) Peoria County ) No. 15CF394 MAURICE ANTWAN McQUEEN, ) Defendant-Appellant. ) Honorable ) Katherine S. Gorman, ) Judge Presiding.
JUSTICE DOHERTY delivered the judgment of the court. Justices Cavanagh and Knecht concurred in the judgment.
ORDER
¶1 Held: As there was no viable claim for postconviction relief pleaded and postconviction counsel was not required to add additional non-meritorious claims, the trial court correctly dismissed defendant’s postconviction petition.
¶2 Defendant, Maurice Antwan McQueen, appeals from the order of the trial court of
Peoria County granting the State’s motion to dismiss his petition for relief pursuant to the Post-
Conviction Hearing Act (Act) (725 ILCS 5/122-1 et seq. (West 2016)). Defendant contends that
his pro se petition made a substantial showing that his trial counsel was ineffective for not filing a
motion to withdraw his guilty plea; consequently, defendant argues, postconviction counsel’s
failure to assert that trial counsel was ineffective constituted a failure to provide reasonable
assistance. For the reasons that follow, we affirm.
¶3 I. BACKGROUND ¶4 Defendant was charged by information with attempted first degree murder (720
ILCS 5/9-1(a)(1) (West 2014)) and aggravated battery (id. § 2-3.05(a)(1)) based on allegations
that he used a knife to repeatedly stab his ex-wife, Shaka McQueen. At an initial hearing,
defendant’s attorney requested an evaluation of defendant’s mental health and fitness to stand trial.
That evaluation concluded that there was no bona fide issue as to defendant’s fitness to stand trial.
¶5 On May 9, 2016, defendant entered into a plea agreement in which he agreed to
plead guilty to attempted first degree murder in exchange for the State recommending a sentencing
cap of 25 years’ imprisonment and dismissing the aggravated battery charge. Defendant’s plea
counsel announced the deal to the court in defendant’s presence noting a “sentencing cap of ***
25 years D.O.C.” During the plea proceedings, defendant confirmed the nature of the plea deal
with the State, that he was not under the influence of drugs or alcohol, and that he had discussed
the guilty plea with his attorney. Defendant further confirmed his understanding of the rights he
would be giving up if he pleaded guilty and that he could be sentenced to 6 to 30 years’
imprisonment if he went to trial and was convicted of attempted first degree murder. The factual
basis for the plea established that during an argument on June 12, 2015, defendant repeatedly
stabbed his ex-wife with a knife in the shoulder, chest, and abdomen, and that there were seven to
eight eyewitnesses to the attack. The trial court confirmed with defendant that no one had made
any threats or promises to force him to plead guilty and that he had thought about the consequences
of the guilty plea; defendant confirmed that it was still his desire to plead guilty. The court accepted
defendant’s guilty plea, finding that it was given knowingly and voluntarily. The case was then set
for a sentencing hearing.
¶6 At the sentencing hearing held June 24, 2016, defendant’s ex-wife testified to the
circumstances surrounding the attack, including that defendant stabbed her eight times and that
-2- she also suffered a punctured lung and broken ribs. In mitigation, defendant testified to his various
mental health issues and how they, along with being off his medication, contributed to his attack
on the victim. After the evidence was presented, the State recommended a sentence of 25 years’
imprisonment. Defense counsel argued that defendant had taken responsibility for his actions,
which were mitigated by defendant’s mental health issues and not being on medication. Counsel
further argued that a 25-year sentence would not act as a deterrent to others and would only send
a message that the mentally ill are not welcome “out on our streets.” Counsel argued that a sentence
of 15 years’ imprisonment was appropriate given defendant’s mental health issues.
¶7 Before imposing a sentence, the trial court stated that it had considered the
presentence investigation report, the evidence and arguments presented by the parties, and the
statement of allocution made by defendant. The court stated that it also considered the statutory
factors in mitigation and aggravation, the history and character of defendant, and the nature of the
offense. Based upon these factors, the court sentenced defendant to 23 years’ imprisonment
followed by a 3-year period of mandatory supervised release. The court noted that if defendant
received all his “good time” credit, he would serve approximately 19 years in prison. The court
then admonished defendant of his rights, including his right to appeal by filing a motion to
withdraw his guilty plea within 30 days. The court explained that the motion must list all the
reasons why defendant should be allowed to withdraw his guilty plea and that, if the motion was
granted, the two charges against defendant would be reinstated and the case set for trial.
Alternatively, if the motion was denied, defendant would have 30 days to file a notice of appeal.
Finally, the court advised defendant that if he needed help with those motions, an attorney would
be appointed. When asked if he had any questions for the court, defendant responded, “Yes. I
thought I was under the assumption that I would receive 15 years. I would have never copped out.”
-3- The trial court responded that the sentence was consistent with what was discussed at the guilty
plea proceeding, where defendant was told he could receive a sentence of up to 25 years’
imprisonment. Defendant claimed that he was not at the guilty plea hearing, but he then agreed
with the court that he was admonished that he could receive “up to 25 years.”
¶8 On December 15, 2016, defendant filed a pro se “Late Notice of Appeal Withdraw
of Guilty Plea Vacate Sentence.” Defendant claimed that on June 24, 2016, the same day as the
sentencing hearing, he asked his attorney to file a motion to withdraw the guilty plea. However,
his attorney refused to do so. Defendant explained that his current motion was untimely due to his
attorney’s refusal and defendant’s lack of access to the prison law library. Defendant sought to
withdraw his guilty plea on the ground that he was not properly admonished by his attorney or the
court that he “was receiving 23 years at 85%” and that he would not have pleaded guilty had he
been properly admonished. Defendant attached a letter that he received from his attorney dated
July 7, 2016. Defendant did not indicate when he received the letter, in which counsel stated:
“I have reviewed my notes from the sentencing and looked for any
basis for a Motion to Reconsider. Unfortunately, I cannot see any good faith
basis for such a motion. Accordingly, I am informing you that I will not be
filing a Motion to Reconsider.
You may file your own Motion to reconsider or a Notice of Appeal
which should be done as soon as possible if you choose to do so. You have
30 days from the Sentencing which was June 24, 2016. That means any
motion or appeal must be filed by July 25, 2016.”
¶9 On February 28, 2017, the trial court struck defendant’s pro se motion on the
ground that it was filed more than 30 days after sentencing and therefore the court was without
-4- jurisdiction to consider it. The court struck the motion without prejudice for defendant “to
otherwise file an appropriate postconviction pleading.” Defendant filed a notice of appeal from the
court’s order on March 29, 2017. This court granted the Office of the State Appellate Defender’s
motion to dismiss defendant’s appeal for failure to comply with Illinois Supreme Court Rule
604(d) (eff. Mar. 8, 2016) and dismissed defendant’s appeal.
¶ 10 On October 24, 2017, defendant filed a pro se postconviction petition alleging that
he received ineffective assistance of trial counsel. First, defendant alleged that counsel failed to
investigate defendant’s competency or request a competency hearing. Second, counsel refused to
file a “motion of reconsideration” after defendant agreed to a 25-year sentencing cap and received
a 23-year sentence. Third, counsel gave “incorrect advice concerning application of sentencing
guidelines.” Specifically, counsel advised defendant that he “ ‘knew [the] prosecutor,’ ” who told
counsel that defendant would receive no more than a 12-year sentence. Finally, defendant
contended that counsel was ineffective for failing to present mitigating evidence at the sentencing
hearing. Defendant again attached the July 7, 2016, letter from his trial counsel.
¶ 11 Defendant’s petition was advanced to the second stage of postconviction
proceedings and counsel was appointed to represent defendant. Appointed counsel filed an
amended postconviction petition on defendant’s behalf. The amended petition alleged ineffective
assistance of trial counsel on two grounds: (1) trial counsel did not file a motion to reconsider the
sentence, which would have been granted because the trial court did not properly consider
defendant’s mental health as a mitigating factor before imposing sentence and (2) counsel
incorrectly advised defendant that he would receive a sentence no greater than 12 years’
imprisonment, and defendant would not have pleaded guilty had he known he would receive a
greater sentence.
-5- ¶ 12 The State filed a motion to dismiss defendant’s petition. The State first argued that
defendant’s claims were contradicted by the record where: (1) defendant’s previous attorney had
defendant’s mental health evaluated and he was found sane and fit to stand trial, (2) defendant
acknowledged that he could receive a sentence of up to 30 years’ imprisonment if he went to trial
and was found guilty; (3) his allegation that counsel told him the most he would receive was 12
years’ imprisonment was contradicted by defendant telling the court after sentencing that he
thought he was going to receive no more than 15 years’ imprisonment; and (4) defendant testified
about his mental health conditions at the sentencing hearing. Second, the State argued that
defendant failed to make a substantial showing that he was prejudiced when counsel allegedly told
him that his sentence would be no more than 12 years’ imprisonment. The State claimed that, even
if not contradicted by the record, defendant was required to demonstrate that rejecting the plea
offer and proceeding to trial would have been the rational thing to do. The State pointed out that
there were at least seven witnesses to the stabbing, and therefore his likelihood of success at trial
was small and accepting the plea offer was the rational thing to do. Third, the State argued that
defendant failed to adequately allege his claim that counsel was ineffective for not filing a motion
to reconsider his sentence. The State asserted that defendant’s real complaint was that his sentence
was too long, and that defendant had failed to allege any factor that was not considered by the
court or that his sentence was otherwise unlawful.
¶ 13 Defendant filed a response to the State’s motion, which withdrew his claims that
counsel was ineffective for failing to investigate defendant’s mental health, for advising defendant
that his maximum potential sentence was 12 years’ imprisonment, and for failing to present
mitigating evidence during the sentencing hearing. The response continued to assert that trial
counsel was ineffective for not filing a motion to reconsider his sentence based on the trial court’s
-6- failure to consider defendant’s mental health conditions when determining the appropriate
sentence. Following a hearing, the trial court dismissed defendant’s petition “for those reasons
referred to in the pleadings and/or oral argument.”
¶ 14 This appeal followed.
¶ 15 II. ANALYSIS
¶ 16 The Act provides a three-stage process for adjudicating petitions. People v. Lesley,
2018 IL 122100, ¶ 31. At the first stage, the circuit court may dismiss a petition if it determines,
within 90 days, that the petition is frivolous or patently without merit. People v. Hodges, 234 Ill.
2d 1, 10 (2009). If not dismissed at the first stage, the petition advances to the second stage. Id.
¶ 17 At the second stage of proceedings, counsel may be appointed for defendant and
may amend a pro se petition to ensure that defendant’s claims are adequately presented. People v.
Pendleton, 223 Ill. 2d 458, 472 (2006). The State may then either file an answer or a motion to
dismiss the petition. Id. To survive dismissal at the second stage, a petition and any accompanying
documentation must make a substantial showing of a constitutional violation. People v. Bailey,
2017 IL 121450, ¶ 18. The defendant’s claims must be liberally construed in light of the trial
record, and all factual allegations not positively rebutted by the record are accepted as true. People
v. Hall, 217 Ill. 2d 324, 334 (2005). “The question raised in an appeal from an order dismissing a
postconviction petition at the second stage is whether the allegations in the petition, liberally
construed in favor of the petitioner and taken as true, are sufficient to invoke relief under the Act.”
People v. Sanders, 2016 IL 118123, ¶ 31. In this case, the circuit court granted the State’s motion
to dismiss defendant’s petition. We review that dismissal de novo. Id.
¶ 18 A. Plea Counsel’s Ineffectiveness
-7- ¶ 19 Defendant first contends that his petition was improperly dismissed because it made
a substantial showing that his trial counsel was ineffective for not filing a motion to withdraw
defendant’s guilty plea. Defendant takes issue with trial counsel’s statement in his letter to
defendant that counsel would not be filing a motion to reconsider because there was no basis for
such a motion, but that defendant could file his own motion to reconsider or a notice of appeal.
Defendant claims that due to the nature of his guilty plea, a motion to reconsider sentence was not
legally cognizable and defendant was instead required to file a motion to withdraw his guilty plea.
Therefore, according to defendant, counsel’s statements were erroneous and counsel’s failure to
file a motion to withdraw defendant’s guilty plea constituted ineffective assistance. Defendant
concludes that counsel’s performance deprived him of his right to a direct appeal in which he could
have argued that he should be allowed to withdraw his guilty plea “as it was not knowing and
voluntary based on his attorney’s incorrect advice and the effect his medications had on him.”
¶ 20 We find that defendant has forfeited this contention because it was not included in
his original or amended postconviction petitions and is being raised for the first time on appeal.
Our supreme court has repeatedly held that any claim not raised in the original or amended
postconviction petition is forfeited and may not be raised for the first time on appeal. People v.
Jones, 213 Ill. 2d 498, 505 (2004); see also People v. Davis, 156 Ill. 2d 149, 158 (1993); Pendleton,
223 Ill. 2d at 475. As the supreme court has observed, “[t]he question raised in an appeal from an
order dismissing a post-conviction petition is whether the allegations in the petition, liberally
construed and taken as true, are sufficient to invoke relief under the Act.” (Emphasis added.)
People v. Coleman, 183 Ill. 2d 366, 388 (1998); see also 725 ILCS 5/122-3 (West 2016) (“Any
claim of substantial denial of constitutional rights not raised in the original or an amended petition
is [forfeited].”).
-8- ¶ 21 In his pro se petition, defendant only claimed that trial counsel was ineffective for
not filing a “motion of reconsideration” after defendant pleaded guilty in exchange for a 25-year
sentencing cap and was then sentenced to 23 years’ imprisonment. Defendant asserted that the
motion would have been granted and his sentence reduced because the court did not give proper
weight to his mental health issues before imposing sentence. Defendant further claimed that
counsel was ineffective for giving him improper advice as to the maximum sentence he would
receive. Defendant reasserted these claims in his amended petition. However, nowhere in the
original or amended petition did defendant claim that counsel was ineffective for not filing a
motion to withdraw defendant’s guilty plea. Neither petition mentioned a motion to withdraw
defendant’s guilty plea, alleged that defendant asked trial counsel to file such a motion, or asserted
the grounds upon which counsel could have filed that motion.
¶ 22 Defendant nevertheless argues that, because a motion to reconsider sentence was
not legally available to him, his pro se petition should be construed as a motion to withdraw his
guilty plea. Defendant asserts that this construction is warranted given his pro se status and the
liberal construction afforded to pro se postconviction petitions. However, defendant cites no
authority that supports this proposition. See Illinois Supreme Court Rule 341(h)(7) (eff. Oct. 1,
2020) (stating that the appellant’s brief must contain “[a]rgument, which shall contain the
contentions of the appellant and the reasons therefor, with citation of the authorities and the pages
of the record relied on”); In re Addison R., 2013 IL App (2d) 121318, ¶ 31 (holding an argument
raised on appeal that is not supported by citation to relevant authority is forfeited).
¶ 23 In arguing to the contrary, defendant relies only upon the general principle that
allegations in a pro se postconviction petition are to be liberally construed. We are mindful of this
principle, but we have already applied it and still conclude that neither the original nor the amended
-9- petition contains an allegation that plea counsel should have filed a motion to withdraw
defendant’s guilty plea. In reaching this conclusion, we note that defendant’s other contention on
appeal is that postconviction counsel provided unreasonable assistance by not amending the pro se
petition to include a claim that trial counsel was ineffective for not filing a motion to withdraw
defendant’s guilty plea. This contention implicitly acknowledges and is in fact based on the
premise that neither the pro se nor the amended petition included this claim.
¶ 24 We conclude that defendant has forfeited his claim that his petition made a
substantial showing that trial counsel was ineffective for not filing a motion to withdraw
defendant’s guilty plea, and such a claim cannot be raised for the first time on appeal.
¶ 25 B. Reasonable Assistance of Postconviction Counsel
¶ 26 Defendant’s next argument is, in essence, that the issue of plea counsel’s
ineffectiveness was not raised below only because his appointed postconviction counsel failed to
raise it. This constitutes, defendant argues, a failure of postconviction counsel to provide him
“reasonable assistance” by making necessary amendments to his pro se petition.
¶ 27 There is no constitutional right to postconviction counsel. People v. De La Paz, 204
Ill. 2d 426, 440 (2003). Rather, the right to postconviction counsel is provided by the Act itself,
and a defendant is entitled to reasonable assistance. Id.; see also 725 ILCS 5/122-4 (West 2016).
To ensure the reasonable assistance required by the Act, Illinois Supreme Court Rule 651(c) (eff.
July 1, 2017) imposes specific duties on postconviction counsel. People v. Perkins, 229 Ill. 2d 34,
42 (2007). Rule 651(c) states, in pertinent part, that counsel may show substantial compliance with
the rule by filing a certificate attesting that counsel:
“has consulted with petitioner by phone, mail, electronic means or in person
to ascertain his or her contentions of deprivation of constitutional rights, has
- 10 - examined the record of the proceedings at the trial, and has made any
amendments to the petitions filed pro se that are necessary for an adequate
presentation of petitioner’s contentions.” Ill. S. Ct. R. 651(c) (eff. July 1,
2017).
¶ 28 Defendant’s contention principally concerns the third duty imposed upon
postconviction counsel by Rule 651(c), which requires counsel to “make any amendments to the
pro se petition necessary for an adequate presentation of the petitioner’s contentions.” Perkins,
229 Ill. 2d at 42. “Fulfillment of the third obligation under Rule 651(c) does not require
postconviction counsel to advance frivolous or spurious claims on defendant’s behalf. If
amendments to a pro se postconviction petition would only further a frivolous or patently
nonmeritorious claim, they are not ‘necessary’ within the meaning of the rule.” People v. Greer,
212 Ill. 2d 192, 205 (2004). Nonetheless, “the purpose of Rule 651(c) is to ensure that counsel
shapes the petitioner’s claims into proper legal form and presents those claims to the court.”
Perkins, 229 Ill. 2d at 44. Therefore, “necessary” amendments under Rule 651(c) include “routine”
amendments that overcome procedural bars that might otherwise defeat the claim. People v.
Turner, 187 Ill. 2d 406, 414 (1999).
¶ 29 “Substantial compliance with Rule 651(c) is sufficient.” People v. Profit, 2012 IL
App (1st) 101307, ¶ 18. Postconviction counsel’s filing of a Rule 651(c) certificate attesting that
counsel has complied with the rule creates a rebuttable presumption that counsel has done so and
substantially complied with the rule. Id. ¶ 19. It is then the defendant’s burden to overcome this
presumption by demonstrating that postconviction counsel failed to substantially comply with the
duties imposed by Rule 651(c). Id.
- 11 - ¶ 30 In order to assess whether postconviction counsel gave reasonable assistance to
defendant, it is necessary to understand what basis exists in the record to support the contention
that plea counsel was unreasonable for failing to file a motion to withdraw defendant’s guilty plea.
There are two reasons suggested as to why defendant would have had a viable basis on which to
withdraw his plea: (1) his mental health issues and (2) his understanding that he would only receive
a 12- or 15-year sentence.
¶ 31 It has been held that, where there is a bona fide question concerning the defendant’s
fitness to stand trial, a fitness hearing should be conducted before a plea is entered. See, e.g.,
People v. Zelenak, 2014 IL App (3d) 120639, ¶ 15. Here, however, a fitness hearing was held
before defendant’s plea was entered, and the result of that hearing was that defendant was found
fit to stand trial. Defendant can point to no additional basis, factual or legal, to conclude that
defendant’s well-known mental health issues would have provided a basis for withdrawal of his
guilty plea. Consequently, there is no basis on this record to conclude that defendant’s plea counsel
was ineffective for failing to file a motion to withdraw the plea on this basis.
¶ 32 The second issue that defendant posits as a basis for a motion to withdraw his guilty
plea is his alleged misunderstanding of the sentence which he might have received. Here, again,
the record is unfavorable to defendant’s position. At the May 9, 2016, plea hearing, the trial court
carefully and thoroughly explained the possible sentencing parameters. The 25-year cap was
explicit at the outset and the court explained the statutory maximum sentence. The court also
elicited defendant’s acknowledgement that no one had made him any other promises to entice him
into pleading guilty. Had defendant thought that there was an agreement that he would only receive
either a 12- or 15-year sentence as a result of the plea deal, “defendant had an obligation to say
so.” People v. Ferral-Mujica, 2017 IL App (2d) 160240, ¶ 24.
- 12 - ¶ 33 Where, as here, a defendant is properly admonished about the sentencing range,
simply stating a subjective mistaken impression is generally insufficient without objective proof.
Id. ¶ 22. Allegations in a postconviction petition must appear of record or be supported by affidavit.
Coleman, 183 Ill. 2d at 381. Here, the record does not support defendant’s assertion that he was
under a misapprehension about the possible sentencing range, as the judge thoroughly explained
the sentencing range at the time of the plea and defendant expressed his understanding of both the
sentencing range and the 25-year cap to which he agreed. See Ferral-Mujica, 2017 IL App (2d)
160240, ¶ 26 (holding a defendant cannot be rewarded for ignoring a trial court’s admonishments
and confirming the lack of a sentencing deal with State).
¶ 34 Examining defendant’s verified pro se petition for facts outside the record,
defendant asserts that plea counsel “advised defendant ‘he knew prosecutor’ and ‘had been advised
by prosecutor of no more than 12-year sentence by Judge.[’] ”. At best, this allegation can be
construed as an inaccurate prognostication by trial counsel about what sentence the judge might
impose under the plea agreement. This type of “honest assessment of a defendant’s case cannot be
the basis for a finding of ineffectiveness.” People v. La Pointe, 2015 IL App (2d) 130451, ¶ 87. A
review of the record shows defendant’s allegations of ineffective assistance of plea counsel are
refuted by defendant’s responses to the trial court’s admonishments and questions at the guilty
plea and sentencing hearing. See People v. Ramirez, 162 Ill. 2d 235, 240-43 (1994).
¶ 35 Consequently, both of the claims defendant complains should have been included
in counsel’s amended postconviction petition are the type of “frivolous or patently
nonmeritorious” matters which postconviction counsel was not required to add to the amended
postconviction petition. See Greer, 212 Ill. 2d at 205.
¶ 36 III. CONCLUSION
- 13 - ¶ 37 For the reasons stated above, the trial court’s dismissal of defendant’s
postconviction petition is affirmed.
¶ 38 Affirmed.
- 14 -