People v. McClemore

276 A.D.2d 32, 716 N.Y.S.2d 497, 2000 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 11499
CourtAppellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York
DecidedNovember 13, 2000
StatusPublished
Cited by18 cases

This text of 276 A.D.2d 32 (People v. McClemore) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
People v. McClemore, 276 A.D.2d 32, 716 N.Y.S.2d 497, 2000 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 11499 (N.Y. Ct. App. 2000).

Opinion

OPINION OF THE COURT

Pigott, Jr., P. J.

Defendant was charged with robbery in the third degree [34]*34(Penal Law § 160.05), grand larceny in the fourth degree (Penal Law § 155.30 [5]) and unlawful imprisonment in the second degree (Penal Law § 135.05), as a result of his beating a 65-year-old victim and forcibly stealing his personal property. Defendant agreed to plead guilty to attempted robbery in the third degree (Penal Law §§ 110.00, 160.05) in exchange for an indeterminate sentence of imprisonment of IV2 to 3 years. County Court agreed to allow defendant to remain at liberty between the plea hearing and sentencing. The plea included the condition that, if defendant were arrested during that time, the court would no longer be bound by the sentencing promise, but would be free to impose a higher sentence. The court did not inform defendant of the maximum sentence that could be imposed, but told defendant that if he did not “live up to” his part of the bargain, he would “swallow a big, big sinker full of Department of Corrections time.” The court also required defendant, as a condition of the plea, to admit his status as a persistent felony offender. Defendant executed a supplemental waiver form, wherein he agreed to waive the right to a hearing at which the People would be required to prove that he was the same individual who was convicted of two felonies within the past 10 years. He also waived the right to present any “mitigating circumstances with regard to his possible adjudication as a persistent felony offender” and the right to challenge the prior convictions on constitutional grounds. Defendant admitted that he was convicted of two felonies within the last 10 years and stated that he had no constitutional challenges to those, convictions.

Defendant did not appear in court at the time scheduled for sentencing, and defense counsel indicated that she had received information that defendant was incarcerated in the Niagara County Jail. When defendant thereafter appeared in court pursuant to a bench warrant on April 11, 1997, the prosecutor informed the court that defendant had been charged in Niagara County with grand larceny in the fourth degree, criminal possession of stolen property in the fourth degree and resisting arrest arising from his alleged theft of a vehicle from a used car dealership in Rochester. The prosecutor indicated that she had obtained the arrest report and had spoken with the victim of the larceny. According to the prosecutor, the report indicated that the police observed defendant entering the driver’s side of the stolen vehicle and that he fled when the police approached him. According to the prosecutor, there had been a photo array at which defendant was identified as “the person actually steal[35]*35ing the car from the dealership in Rochester.” The prosecutor asked the court to sentence defendant as a persistent felony offender to a term of imprisonment of 25 years to life.

Defense counsel presented to the court a letter from one Johnny Green, who admitted that he was the person who had stolen the vehicle. Defense counsel further stated that defendant had taken a ride with friends to Niagara County, and had entered the vehicle, which he did not know was stolen, to retrieve some cigarettes. Defense counsel stated that, as part of the plea agreement, defendant had cooperated with the People on two other unrelated cases, resulting in a conviction in one case and multiple indictments in another. She characterized the prosecutor’s request for the maximum sentence of 25 years to life as “extremely harsh.”

Defendant stated that the police who approached him after he entered the vehicle were in plain clothes and did not identify themselves as police officers. He ran away because he was afraid that they were going to “jump him.” They did not identify themselves as police officers until after they caught him.

The court reminded defendant that he was no stranger to the criminal justice system and should have known that he could not leave Monroe County. The court stated that defendant had agreed to a no-arrest condition as part of the plea. The court adjudicated defendant a persistent felony offender, adjourned the sentencing to the following week, and ultimately sentenced defendant as a persistent felony offender to an indeterminate term of imprisonment of 25 years to life.

I

On appeal, defendant contends that the court was not empowered to enhance the sentence on the ground that defendant left Monroe County because remaining in Monroe County was not an express condition of the plea. We agree (see, People v Roman, 259 AD2d 977, 978). Further, although defendant also agreed to the condition that he not commit any new offenses between the plea and sentencing, the commission of new offenses cannot serve as the predicate for an enhanced sentence because there wus no competent proof presented that defendant actually committed any new offenses (see, Spence v Superintendent, 219 F3d l62, 168-169). Consequently, the no-arrest condition is the only condition of the plea that may provide the predicate for an enhanced sentence.

A court may validly impose a no-arrest condition as a condition of defendant’s receiving the bargained-for sentence (see, [36]*36People v Outley, 80 NY2d 702, 713; People v Parker, 271 AD2d 63, 69). A court may not, however, impose an enhanced sentence based on the mere fact that defendant was arrested. Rather, it is the obligation of the sentencing court to “assure itself that the information upon which it bases the sentence is reliable and accurate” (People v Outley, supra, at 712; see also, People v Naranjo, 89 NY2d 1047, 1049). To satisfy due process requirements, “[w]hen an issue is raised concerning the validity of the postplea charge or there is a denial of any involvement in the underlying crime,” the court must conduct an inquiry “at which the defendant has an opportunity to show that the arrest is without foundation * * *. The nature and extent of the inquiry — whether through a summary hearing pursuant to CPL 400.10 or some other fair means — is within the court’s discretion * * *. The inquiry must be of sufficient depth, however, so that the court can be satisfied — not of defendant’s guilt of the new criminal charge but of the existence of a legitimate basis for the arrest on that charge” (People v Outley, supra, at 713).

Defendant contends that, in light of his denial of involvement in the underlying crimes, the court’s inquiry was insufficient to determine the legitimacy of the arrest. We reject the People’s contention that, by failing to object to the adequacy of the court’s inquiry or moving to vacate the plea, defendant failed to preserve his contention for our review' (cf., People v Miles, 268 AD2d 489, lv denied 95 NY2d 800). Defense counsel’s objection to the imposition of an enhanced sentence based solely upon defendant’s arrest for crimes that defendant did not commit is sufficient to preserve this contention for our review. In any event, even if the issue were unpreserved, we would exercise our power to review it as a matter of discretion in the interest of justice (see, People v Parker, supra, at 71).

We agree with defendant that the court’s inquiry into the legitimacy of the arrest was insufficient. The court based its determination on the assertions of the prosecutor that she had read the arrest report, but there is no indication that the report was submitted to the court.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
276 A.D.2d 32, 716 N.Y.S.2d 497, 2000 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 11499, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/people-v-mcclemore-nyappdiv-2000.