People v. Jones

2015 IL App (4th) 130711, 44 N.E.3d 1112

Opinion

FILED July 8, 2015 Carla Bender 2015 IL App (4th) 130711 4th District Appellate Court, IL NO. 4-13-0711

IN THE APPELLATE COURT

OF ILLINOIS

FOURTH DISTRICT

THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, ) Appeal from Plaintiff-Appellee, ) Circuit Court of v. ) Vermilion County WALTER JONES, ) No. 11CF326 Defendant-Appellant. ) ) Honorable ) Craig H. DeArmond, ) Judge Presiding.

JUSTICE STEIGMANN delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion. Presiding Justice Pope and Justice Turner concurred in the judgment and opinion.

OPINION

¶1 In March 2015, defendant, Walter Jones, filed an unopposed motion for summary

disposition, alleging he is entitled to credit for an additional 181 days served in custody under

section 5-4.5-100(c) of the Unified Code of Corrections (Unified Code) (730 ILCS 5/5-4.5-

100(c) (West 2010)). In May 2015, in response to an order entered by this court, the State

submitted a supplemental memorandum of law (1) conceding defendant is entitled to credit for

164 days served in custody but (2) opposing defendant's request for an additional 17 days credit

against his sentence. For the reasons that follow, we deny defendant's motion.

¶2 I. BACKGROUND

¶3 In June 2011, defendant was arrested and charged by information in Vermilion County case No. 11-CF-326 with residential burglary (720 ILCS 5/19-3 (West 2010)) and

burglary (720 ILCS 5/19-1(a) (West 2010)) for an incident that occurred that same month.

Defendant did not post bond. In October 2011, a jury found defendant guilty of burglary. In

December 2011, the trial court sentenced defendant to 30 months' probation subject to certain

terms and conditions.

¶4 On January 22, 2013, defendant was arrested and charged in Vermilion County

case No. 13-CF-45 with a theft offense. Defendant did not post bond.

¶5 In February 2013, the State filed a petition to revoke probation in case No. 11-CF-

326, alleging defendant violated the terms of his probation by (1) failing to report to two

scheduled office visits in 2012; (2) missing multiple curfew checks in 2012; and (3) admittedly

using drugs on January 7, 2013. In April 2013, after a hearing on the petition, the trial court

found the State met its burden with respect to allegation Nos. (1) and (3).

¶6 In July 2013, the trial court revoked defendant's probation herein in case No. 11-

CF-326 and resentenced him to seven years' imprisonment, with credit for 201 days served in

custody from June to December 2011. The court rejected defendant's request for credit for time

served in custody on the 2013 theft charge in case No. 13-CF-45 (January to July 2013) because

(1) the record did not indicate a warrant was issued or defendant was arrested on the petition to

revoke, and (2) defendant would be entitled to credit in case No. 13-CF-45 and could not have it

"count twice."

¶7 That same month, defendant filed a motion to reconsider sentence herein in case

No. 11-CF-326, which was denied. Defendant filed a notice of appeal and the office of the State

Appellate Defender (OSAD) was appointed to represent defendant.

-2- ¶8 Subsequent to his resentencing in case No. 11-CF-326, in November 2014,

defendant's 2013 theft charge in case No. 13-CF-45 was nol-prossed.

¶9 In March 2015, defendant filed the unopposed motion for summary disposition,

requesting we order the Circuit Clerk to issue a corrected sentencing judgment reflecting he is

entitled to an additional credit for 181 days served in custody from January to July 2013. In

April 2015, this court entered an order directing each party to submit a supplemental

memorandum of law addressing whether defendant should receive credit for time served in

custody between his arrest on the theft offense (case No. 13-CF-45) and filing of the petition to

revoke his probation (case No. 11-CF-326). In May 2015, the State submitted a supplemental

memorandum of law (1) conceding defendant is entitled to credit for time spent in custody

between the filing of the State's petition to revoke and defendant's sentencing but (2) opposing

defendant's request for credit prior to the filing of the petition to revoke.

¶ 10 II. ANALYSIS

¶ 11 Defendant argues he is entitled to credit for 181 days served in custody under

section 5-4.5-100(c) of the Unified Code. 730 ILCS 5/5-4.5-100(c) (West 2010). Specifically,

defendant argues under section 5-4.5-100(c) he "was arrested for theft, but prosecuted for

violating his probation for conduct that occurred prior to his arrest [and] [s]ince the six months

spent in custody on the theft charge was not ultimately 'credited against another sentence,' [he]

must receive credit for that time on his burglary sentence."

¶ 12 Whether a defendant should receive presentence custody credit against his

sentence is reviewed under the de novo standard of review. People v. Clark, 2014 IL App (4th)

130331, ¶ 15, 15 N.E.3d 539.

-3- ¶ 13 A. Simultaneous Custody

¶ 14 The trial court found defendant was not entitled to have credit for time served in

custody on the 2013 theft charge applied against his burglary resentence in case No. 11-CF-326,

because a warrant was not issued nor was defendant arrested on the petition to revoke.

Defendant's motion does not contest this finding. Nevertheless, after reviewing the record on

appeal, we find it would not support an argument that defendant was in simultaneous custody on

both charges from February to July 2013.

¶ 15 Section 5-4.5-100(b) of the Unified Code provides: "[An] offender shall be given

credit on the determinate sentence *** of imprisonment for time spent in custody as a result of

the offense for which the sentence was imposed ***." 730 ILCS 5/5-4.5-100(b) (West 2010).

Therefore, under this section we must look to whether defendant was "in custody" on the petition

to revoke. The common-law record does not indicate a warrant was issued, defendant was

arrested, or a bond was surrendered on the petition to revoke in case No. 11-CF-326. The

transcripts in case No. 11-CF-326 also do not support a finding defendant was in custody on the

petition to revoke. For example, while in custody on the theft charge, defendant was notified at

the probation violation arraignment, should he be released from custody on the theft offense and

fail to appear at the next hearing, the State could ask for a warrant for his arrest. Later, at the

hearing on the petition to revoke, defense counsel indicated defendant was not in custody "on

this case." The trial court further advised defendant, after finding the State met its burden on the

petition to revoke, "[o]bviously if you remain in custody, they'll make sure you get there; but if

you do get released, make sure you're in court [for the sentencing hearing.]" Finally, after the

sentencing hearing was continued, defense counsel stated, "I believe [defendant is] in custody on

-4- his new case, not on this matter." The record leaves no ambiguity with respect to the basis of

defendant's custody. See People v. Wiseman, 195 Ill. App. 3d 1062, 1066, 553 N.E.2d 46, 49

(1990). Therefore, defendant has not shown he was in simultaneous custody.

¶ 16 A. Section 5-4.5-100(c) of the Unified Code

¶ 17 Rather, defendant relies on section 5-4.5-100(c) of the Unified Code (730 ILCS

5/5-4.5-100(c) (West 2010)) and cites this court's majority interpretation of the language

contained in this section from People v. Cook, 392 Ill. App. 3d 147, 149-51, 910 N.E.2d 208,

209-11 (2009), as a basis for his argument that he is entitled to additional presentence credit.

Although Cook involved the former crediting statute (730 ILCS 5/5-8-7(c) (West 2006)), the

language contained in section 5-4.5-100(c) is identical to the language contained in section 5-8-

7(c) discussed in Cook. See Clark, 2014 IL App (4th) 130331, ¶ 20, 15 N.E.3d 539. However,

we note that, since our decision in Cook, we have, after reconsidering the statutory language and

its legislative history, foregone the analysis by the Cook majority for that of the Cook dissent.

See Clark, 2014 IL App (4th) 130331, ¶ 24, 15 N.E.3d 539; People v. Warren, 2014 IL App

(4th) 120721, ¶¶ 164-69, 16 N.E.3d 13.

¶ 18 Section 5-4.5-100(c) of the Unified Code provides:

"(c) CREDIT; TIME IN CUSTODY; FORMER CHARGE. An

offender arrested on one charge and prosecuted on another charge for

conduct that occurred prior to his or her arrest shall be given credit on the

determinate sentence or maximum term and the minimum term of

imprisonment for time spent in custody under the former charge not

credited against another sentence." 730 ILCS 5/5-4.5-100(c) (West 2010).

-5- The language "[a]n offender arrested on one charge," refers to the arrest(s) that occurred first in

time and the language "and prosecuted on another charge" refers to the charge filed after the

original charge(s). See Clark, 2014 IL App (4th) 130331, ¶ 23, 15 N.E.3d 539 (citing Cook, 392

Ill. App. 3d at 151-52, 910 N.E.2d at 211 (Pope, J., dissenting). " 'The statute then provides for

credit against the sentence imposed in the subsequent charge *** for time spent in custody on the

original charges *** that has not been credited against another sentence, so long as the conduct

in the subsequent charge occurred prior to the arrest on the first charge(s).' " Clark, 2014 IL App

(4th) 130331, ¶ 23, 15 N.E.3d 539 (quoting Cook, 392 Ill. App. 3d at 152, 910 N.E.2d at 211

(Pope, J., dissenting)).

¶ 19 Defendant artfully crafts an argument applying the facts of his cases to what

Justice Pope described in Cook as an "inartfully drafted subsection." Cook, 392 Ill. App. 3d at

151, 910 N.E.2d at 211 (Pope, J., dissenting). Defendant refers to his arrest on the theft charge

as the arrest that occurred first in time. He refers to the "prosecution" of the petition to revoke

his sentence of probation on his burglary conviction as a charge prosecuted subsequent to his

theft charge. Therefore, defendant asserts, as the theft charge was later nol-prossed, he is entitled

to have credit for time served on the theft offense applied in his burglary case after resentencing.

We find defendant's application of section 5-4.5-100(c) unpersuasive and contrary to the case

law and legislative intent of section 5-4.5-100(c).

¶ 20 A majority of the cases discussing either section 5-8-7(c) or section 5-4.5-100(c)

of the Unified Code, including Cook, 392 Ill. App. 3d at 152, 910 N.E.2d at 211 (Pope, J.,

dissenting), Clark, 2014 IL App (4th) 130331, ¶ 25, 15 N.E.3d 539, and Warren, 2014 IL App

(4th) 120721, ¶ 169, 16 N.E.3d 13, have addressed the applicability of the language of these

-6- sections where multiple, separate, and distinct criminal offenses were charged. Moreover, in

both People v. Woznick, 209 Ill. App. 3d 1061, 1063-64, 568 N.E.2d 425, 427 (1991), and

People v. Kane, 136 Ill. App. 3d 1030, 1037, 484 N.E.2d 296, 301 (1985), the appellate court

found a revocation of a defendant's probation not a "prosecution" under section 5-8-7(c) of the

Unified Code. In Kane, the court found:

"[T]he revocation of defendant's probation was merely an incident of her

*** sentence. The error in the defendant's logic is her characterization of

the revocation of her probation as a 'prosecution' ***. Her 'prosecution,'

however, had already taken place. It began with the filing of the

information on [her initial charge (in which she was ultimately sentenced

to probation)], and concluded with the acceptance of her plea of guilty

***." Kane, 136 Ill. App. 3d at 1036-37, 484 N.E.2d at 301.

In People v. Robinson, 172 Ill. 2d 452, 460-61, 667 N.E.2d 1305, 1309 (1996), our supreme

court stated: "Section 5-8-7(c) was adopted to 'prevent the State from dropping an initial charge

and recharging a defendant with another crime, with the intent of denying credit for time spent in

jail on the first charge.' [Citations.]" (Emphasis added.) Council Commentary of section 5-8-

7(c) provides: " '[S]ubparagraph (c) provides for the case, not covered under former law, where

all confinement since arrest is credited against the sentence even if the original charge is dropped

in favor of a new charge which results in conviction and imprisonment.' " (Emphasis added.)

Cook, 392 Ill. App. 3d at 152, 910 N.E.2d at 211 (Pope, J., dissenting) (quoting 730 ILCS Ann.

5/5-8-7, Council Commentary-1973, at 226 (Smith-Hurd 2007)).

¶ 21 Here, in 2011, defendant was arrested, charged, and convicted of burglary in case

-7- No. 11-CF-326. In December 2011, the trial court sentenced defendant to 30 months' probation

subject to certain terms and conditions. On January 22, 2013, defendant was arrested and

charged with a theft offense in case No. 13-CF-45 and did not post bond. In February 2013, the

State filed a petition to revoke defendant's sentence of probation in case No. 11-CF-326, alleging

bases unrelated to the theft charge. The State did not file separate criminal charges on the

allegations contained in the petition to revoke. The State did not seek a warrant on the petition to

revoke. The record makes clear defendant was not in custody on the petition to revoke. After a

hearing on the petition to revoke, the trial court found that defendant violated his conditions of

probation (all bases unrelated to the theft charge) and resentenced him to seven years'

imprisonment on his 2011 burglary conviction in case No. 11-CF-326.

¶ 22 As indicated, the language "[a]n offender arrested on one charge," refers to the

arrest(s) that occurred first in time. See Clark, 2014 IL App (4th) 130331, ¶ 23, 15 N.E.3d 539

(citing Cook, 392 Ill. App. 3d at 151-52, 910 N.E.2d at 211 (Pope, J., dissenting)). Here, only

two arrests occurred, the 2011 burglary arrest and 2013 theft arrest. Under the plain reading of

the statute, defendant's 2011 burglary arrest occurred first in time and as section 5-4.5-100(c)

"does not allow credit for time spent in custody on a subsequent charge that is dismissed,"

defendant's motion must be denied. Clark, 2014 IL App (4th) 130331, ¶ 24, 15 N.E.3d 539.

Moreover, assuming, arguendo, we construe the statute as ambiguous with respect to which

arrest occurred first in time, and resolve that ambiguity in favor of the defendant (see Robinson,

172 Ill. 2d at 462, 667 N.E.2d at 1309), the case law and legislative history make clear the

legislature did not intend for a petition to revoke probation and subsequent resentencing on a

prior conviction to be analogous with the "prosecution" of " 'a new charge which results in

-8- conviction and imprisonment.' " Cook, 392 Ill. App. 3d at 152, 910 N.E.2d at 211 (Pope, J.,

dissenting) (quoting 730 ILCS Ann. 5/5-8-7, Council Commentary—1973, at 226 (Smith-Hurd

2007)); Kane, 136 Ill. App. 3d at 1036-37, 484 N.E.2d at 301. Therefore, we conclude section 5-

4.5-100(c) is inapplicable. 730 ILCS 5/5-4.5-100(c) (West 2010).

¶ 23 Accordingly, we deny defendant's motion for summary disposition pursuant to

Illinois Supreme Court Rule 23(c)(2) (eff. July 1, 2011) ("disposition is clearly controlled by

case law precedent, statute, or rules of court").

¶ 24 III. CONCLUSION

¶ 25 For the reasons stated, we deny defendant's motion, finding defendant is not

entitled to additional presentence credit in case No. 11-CF-326 for time served in custody in case

No. 13-CF-45.

¶ 26 Motion denied.

-9-