People v. Angelini

2021 IL App (4th) 190309-U

• Court: Appellate Court of Illinois
• Decided: February 1, 2021
• Docket: 4-19-0309
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

NOTICE 2021 IL App (4th) 190309-U This Order was filed under FILED Supreme Court Rule 23 and is NO. 4-19-0309 February 1, 2021 not precedent except in the Carla Bender limited circumstances allowed 4th District Appellate under Rule 23(e)(1). IN THE APPELLATE COURT Court, IL

OF ILLINOIS

FOURTH DISTRICT

THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, ) Appeal from the Plaintiff-Appellee, ) Circuit Court of v. ) Adams County ROBIN TONY ANGELINI, ) No. 96CF282 Defendant-Appellant. ) ) Honorable ) Robert K. Adrian, ) Judge Presiding. ______________________________________________________________________________

JUSTICE HARRIS delivered the judgment of the court. Justices Cavanagh and Steigmann concurred in the judgment.

ORDER

¶1 Held: Defendant is entitled to an additional 36 days of presentence custody credit.

¶2 In August 1996, the State charged defendant, Robin Tony Angelini, with two counts

of aggravated criminal sexual assault (720 ILCS 5/12-14(a)(2), (a)(3) (West 1994)). The same day,

a warrant was issued for defendant’s arrest. Pursuant to the trial court’s warrant, defendant was

arrested in Michigan and returned to Illinois custody over a month later. Following a jury trial,

defendant was convicted of all counts against him. Later, during defendant’s sentencing hearing,

the court sentenced defendant to 180 years’ incarceration and found defendant was entitled to 150

days of presentence custody credit. In April 2019, defendant filed a motion requesting the trial

court award him additional presentence custody credit for time he spent in out-of-state custody. The court dismissed defendant’s motion. On appeal, defendant argues the court erred in dismissing

his motion. We reverse the trial court’s dismissal and remand defendant’s case for the sole purpose

of correcting the sentencing judgment to reflect defendant’s entitlement to 186 days of presentence

custody credit.

¶3 I. BACKGROUND

¶4 On August 2, 1996, the State charged defendant in Adams County case No. 96-CF-

282 with two counts of aggravated criminal sexual assault (720 ILCS 5/12-14(a)(2), (a)(3) (West

1994)). An arrest warrant in that case was issued the same day. The court placed “[n]o geographical

limitation” on the execution of the warrant.

¶5 On August 5, 1996, defendant was arrested in Eaton County, Michigan. On

September 5, 1996, in a Michigan court, defendant waived extradition. On September 11, 1996,

an officer executing the trial court’s August 2 warrant returned defendant to Adams County.

Defendant remained in custody in Adams County until his trial.

¶6 On December 9, 1996, the State amended the information to include one count of

home invasion (id. § 12-11) and one count of criminal sexual assault (id. § 12-13(a)(1)). Three

days later, the State again amended the information to include two additional counts of aggravated

criminal sexual assault (id. §§ 12-14(a)(2), (a)(3)) and one additional count of criminal sexual

assault. (id. § 12-13(a)(1)).

¶7 Defendant’s case proceeded to a jury trial in December 1996. The jury returned

guilty verdicts on all seven counts. The trial court later sentenced defendant on two counts of

aggravated criminal sexual assault and one count of home invasion to three consecutive terms of

60 years’ imprisonment for a total of 180 years. In its sentencing judgment, the court stated

defendant was entitled to 150 days’ presentence custody credit. On direct appeal, this court

-2- affirmed defendant’s convictions and sentence. People v. Angelini, No. 4-97-0089 (1998)

(unpublished order under Illinois Supreme Court Rule 23).

¶8 In August 2001, defendant pro se filed a petition for relief from judgment pursuant

to section 2-1401 of the Code of Civil Procedure (735 ILCS 5/2-1401 (West 2000)) in which he

argued his sentences were void under Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466 (2000). The trial court

dismissed defendant’s petition. On appeal, this court reduced defendant’s total sentence to 120

years and otherwise affirmed the trial court’s judgment. People v. Angelini, No. 4-01-0955 (2003)

¶9 In September 2004, defendant pro se filed a postconviction petition in which he

alleged he had received ineffective assistance of counsel. The trial court dismissed defendant’s

petition, and this court affirmed the dismissal. People v. Angelini, No. 4-05-0018 (2006)

¶ 10 In November 2015, defendant pro se filed a successive postconviction petition as

well as a motion for leave to file a successive postconviction petition in which he again claimed

he had received ineffective assistance of counsel. The trial court denied defendant’s motion and

this court affirmed the court’s decision. People v. Angelini, 2018 IL App (4th) 160101-U.

¶ 11 On April 17, 2019, defendant filed the instant “Nunc Pro Tunc Motion to Amend

Mittimus.” In his motion, defendant complained the trial court improperly “awarded him 150-days

of sentencing credit, for what may be assumed are days spent in custody from September 11, 1996

through February 7, 1997.” Defendant argued he was entitled to additional presentence custody

credit. Specifically, defendant claimed he was:

“entitled to an additional 32-days of ‘simultaneous custody’ credit for the period of

August 5, 1996 to September 5, 1996 which he spent in the custody of Eaton

-3- County[,] Michigan authorities and an additional 6 days of credit from the period

of September 6, 1996 to September 11, 1996 which he spent in the custody of

Adams County authorities, equating an additional 38 days of presentence custody

credit.”

Defendant filed multiple documents in support of his motion, including a page from his

presentence investigation report which indicated defendant had been incarcerated in the Adams

County jail from September 11, 1996, until his sentencing hearing on February 7, 1997, a total of

150 days. While defendant acknowledged in his motion that “the nunc pro tunc motion is an

improper method for raising [the] argument,” he “urge[d] th[e] court to construe his nunc pro tunc

motion as a motion to amend the mittimus.”

¶ 12 On May 7, 2019, the trial court entered an order dismissing defendant’s motion. In

its order, the court found defendant’s motion was “frivolous and without merit.”

¶ 13 This appeal followed.

¶ 14 II. ANALYSIS

¶ 15 On appeal, defendant argues the trial court erred in dismissing his motion for

additional presentence custody credit. Although, in his motion, defendant requested an additional

38 days of credit, he now argues he is entitled to an additional 36 days of credit. “Whether a

defendant should receive presentence custody credit against his sentence is reviewed under the

de novo standard of review.” People v. Jones, 2015 IL App (4th) 130711, ¶ 12, 44 N.E.3d 1112.

¶ 16 Before we can review the merits of defendant’s contention, we must first address

the State’s argument that the trial court lacked jurisdiction to grant defendant additional

presentence custody credit and that, by extension, we lack jurisdiction to review the propriety of

the trial court’s dismissal. In support, the State cites People v. Flowers, 208 Ill. 2d 291, 303, 802

-4- N.E.2d 1174, 1181 (2003), in which our supreme court found: “The jurisdiction of trial courts to

reconsider and modify their judgments is not indefinite. Normally, the authority of a trial court to

alter a sentence terminates after 30 days.” The court continued, after 30 days from the date of

sentencing, “[t]he only continuing power the circuit court possesse[s] over the case [is] limited to

enforcement of the judgment or correction of clerical errors or matters of form so that the record

conform[s] to the judgment actually rendered.” Id. at 306-07.

¶ 17 The State acknowledges that the filing of a proper motion for a nunc pro tunc order

would be an appropriate way for a defendant to invoke the trial court’s authority to correct clerical

errors relating to the court’s sentencing judgment. See People v. White, 357 Ill. App. 3d 1070,

1072, 831 N.E.2d 657, 659 (2005) (“The purpose of a nunc pro tunc order is to make the present

record correspond with what the court actually decided in the past. Such orders may be used to

correct clerical errors ***.”). However, the State argues the court lacked jurisdiction to address

defendant’s “Nunc Pro Tunc Motion to Amend Mittimus” because, rather than requesting the court

correct a clerical error or other matter of form, defendant requested in his motion that the court

increase the amount of presentence custody credit to which he was entitled, a form of relief which,

under Flowers, the court did not have jurisdiction to grant. See, e.g., People v. Coleman, 2017 IL

App (4th) 160770, ¶¶ 22-23, 90 N.E.3d 1043. Accordingly, the State argues, because the trial court

was without jurisdiction to grant defendant’s requested relief, its dismissal of defendant’s motion

was proper and this court can only review the trial court’s jurisdiction to address defendant’s

motion. See Flowers, 208 Ill. 2d at 307.

¶ 18 The State’s argument overlooks Illinois Supreme Court Rule 472 (eff. Mar. 1,

2019), which defendant cites in his brief and which was adopted just over a month before defendant

filed his motion requesting additional presentence custody credit. That rule grants the trial court

-5- continuing jurisdiction to correct errors in its calculation of presentence custody credit at any time

following judgment. Ill. S. Ct. R. 472(a) (eff. Mar. 1, 2019). The rule further provides, “[w]here a

circuit court’s judgment pursuant to this rule is entered more than 30 days after the final judgment,

the judgment constitutes a final judgment on a justiciable matter and is subject to appeal.” Ill. S.

Ct. R. 472(b) (eff. Mar. 1, 2019). Contrary to Flowers, after the adoption of Rule 472, the trial

court’s jurisdiction to amend the amount of presentence custody credit to which a defendant is

entitled is not limited to the 30-day period after entry of the sentencing judgment. Instead, the court

retains jurisdiction to increase the amount of presentence custody credit to which a defendant is

entitled “at any time.” (Emphasis added.) Ill. S. Ct. R. 472(a) (eff. Mar. 1, 2019). Accordingly, the

court here had jurisdiction to address defendant’s motion for additional presentence custody credit.

This jurisdiction extended to defendant’s motion even though he improperly styled his filing as a

“[n]unc [p]ro [t]unc [m]otion to [a]mend [m]ittimus” instead of as a motion to amend the

sentencing judgment. See People v. Smith, 371 Ill. App. 3d 817, 821, 867 N.E.2d 1150, 1154

(2007) (“[A] motion’s content determines its character, not the title or label asserted by the

movant.”). Because the trial court had jurisdiction to address defendant’s motion, and because

under subsection (b) of Rule 472, the court’s dismissal of defendant’s motion constituted a final,

appealable order, this court has jurisdiction to review the trial court’s decision and the merits of

defendant’s underlying claim.

¶ 19 We now turn to defendant’s argument that the trial court erred in dismissing his

motion for additional presentence custody credit. As stated above, the trial court dismissed

defendant’s motion, finding it was “frivolous and patently without merit.” The court did not

explain why it found defendant’s motion meritless, and we believe it was error to do so because,

for the reasons stated below, we find defendant was entitled to additional presentence custody

-6- credit.

¶ 20 In 1998, when defendant was sentenced, his entitlement to presentence custody

credit was governed by section 5-8-7 of the Unified Code of Corrections. 730 ILCS 5/5-8-7(b)

(West 1996). That section provided: “The offender shall be given credit on the determinate

sentence or maximum term and the minimum period of imprisonment for time spent in custody as

a result of the offense for which the sentence was imposed.” Id. This provision is substantially

reproduced in the modern statute. See 730 ILCS 5/5-4.5-100(b) (West 2018). Under this provision,

“the defendant is entitled to one day of credit for each day (or portion thereof) that he spends in

custody prior to sentencing, including the day he was taken into custody.” People v. Ligons, 325

Ill. App. 3d 753, 759, 759 N.E.2d 169, 174 (2001).

¶ 21 A defendant’s entitlement to presentence custody credit is not limited to the time

he was in custody in this state. As we have previously explained, “[a] defendant confined in a

foreign state by reason of Illinois process is entitled to sentence credit for time confined in the

foreign state.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) People v. Evans, 391 Ill. App. 3d 470, 472, 907

N.E.2d 935, 937 (2009); see People ex rel. Bradley v. Davies, 17 Ill. App. 3d 920, 921, 309 N.E.3d

82, 83 (1974) (same). “However, a defendant is not entitled to credit for time spent in custody

while incarcerated in another state as a result of a crime committed there.” Evans, 391 Ill. App. 3d

at 472-73. Thus, to determine whether defendant here is entitled to additional presentence custody

credit, we must first determine whether the record reflects he was in the custody of Michigan

authorities as a result of a crime committed there or solely because of the Adams County warrant

that was issued in the present case.

¶ 22 As stated above, a warrant was issued for defendant’s arrest in Adams County case

No. 96-CF-282 on August 2, 1996. No “geographical limitation” was placed on the execution of

-7- the warrant. Three days later, defendant was arrested in Michigan by an officer who, at defendant’s

trial, testified that he arrested defendant based upon “a fugitive warrant from [Adams] county” and

that the warrant was the “only thing” Michigan authorities “had on [defendant].” Therefore, the

record establishes defendant was in the custody of Michigan authorities solely because of the

Illinois warrant, and the time he was in their custody should be included in the calculation of

presentence custody credit to which he is entitled.

¶ 23 Defendant was detained in Michigan on August 5, 1996, and remained in custody

there until he was returned to Illinois on September 11, 1996, by an Illinois police officer executing

the arrest warrant. Defendant was in the Adams County jail from September 11, 1996, until his

sentencing hearing on February 7, 1997. Thus, prior to his sentencing hearing, defendant was in

custody in Adams County case No. 96-CF-282 from August 5, 1996, until February 7, 1997, a

total of 186 days. Because the trial court only granted defendant credit for the time he was in the

Adams County jail, i.e. 150 days, he is entitled to an additional 36 days of presentence custody

credit.

¶ 24 Because defendant’s entitlement to an additional 36 days of presentence custody

credit is apparent from the record, it is unnecessary for us to remand his case for a hearing on his

motion. Instead, we remand to the trial court with directions to amend the sentencing judgment to

reflect defendant’s entitlement to 186 days of presentence custody credit instead of 150 days.

¶ 25 III. CONCLUSION

¶ 26 For the reasons stated, we reverse the trial court’s dismissal of defendant’s motion

and remand with directions to the trial court to issue an amended sentencing order showing

defendant is entitled to 186 days of presentence custody credit instead of 150 days.

¶ 27 Remanded with directions.

-8-