People v. Flint

180 Cal. App. 3d 13, 225 Cal. Rptr. 323
California Court of Appeal·Decided April 21, 1986·No. A027832·Published·Cited by 11 cases

Opinion

180 Cal.App.3d 13 (1986)
225 Cal. Rptr. 323

THE PEOPLE, Plaintiff and Respondent,
v.
JAMES FLINT, Defendant and Appellant.

Docket No. A027832.

Court of Appeals of California, First District, Division One.

April 21, 1986.

*16 COUNSEL

Marisa Nayfach, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant and Appellant.

John K. Van de Kamp, Attorney General, Martin S. Kaye and Cynthia Choy Ong, Deputy Attorneys General, for Plaintiff and Respondent.

OPINION

ELKINGTON, J.

A jury found defendant Flint guilty of first degree "residential" burglary, and the trial court thereafter found that he had previously been convicted, September 29, 1975, of "a serious felony, to-wit: Burglary *17 — 1st degree [of a residence], in violation of Section 459 of the Penal Code, within the meaning of Penal Code Sections 667 and 1192.7." He appeals from the judgment entered on the jury's verdict and the trial court's finding.

The judgment will be affirmed. Our reasons follow.

We consider the several appellate contentions in the order stated, and as framed, by Flint.

I. Contention: "The lower court erred in denying appellant's Penal Code section 995 motion."

(1) It is argued that "there was no evidence presented at the preliminary examination [our italics] to connect appellant to the burglary."

No contention appears that at Flint's superior court trial there was not substantial evidence supportive of the jury's verdict of guilt.

Flint relies on the rule announced by People v. Elliot (1960) 54 Cal.2d 498, 503 [6 Cal. Rptr. 753, 354 P.2d 225], holding, "[W]here it appears that, during the course of the preliminary examination, the defendant has been denied a substantial right, the commitment is unlawful within the meaning of section 995, and it must be set aside upon timely motion.... It is also settled that, if the defendant has not been legally committed and if the trial court erroneously denies the motion to set the commitment aside and permits the action to proceed to judgment, the resulting conviction must be reversed.... The theory ... is that where the accused is not legally committed within the meaning of section 995 of the Penal Code, the commitment is voidable. Upon proper objection, the superior court has no jurisdiction to proceed. It is the same as if no preliminary examination at all had been held, and is analogous to the situation where no evidence to connect the accused with the crime is introduced at the preliminary examination. In such event, of course, the information must be quashed."

But thereafter the high court in People v. Pompa-Ortiz (1980) 27 Cal.3d 519, 529 [165 Cal. Rptr. 851, 612 P.2d 941], held: "We believe the time has come to reconsider and to discard the Elliot rule. Henceforth irregularities in the preliminary examination procedures which are not jurisdictional in the fundamental sense shall be reviewed under the appropriate standard of prejudicial error and shall require reversal only if defendant can show that he was deprived of a fair trial or otherwise suffered prejudice as a result of the error at the preliminary examination. The right to relief without any showing of prejudice will be limited to pretrial challenges of irregularities. *18 At that time, by application for extraordinary writ, the matter can be expeditiously returned to the magistrate for proceedings free of the charged defects." (Our italics.) And to the same effect see People v. Alcala (1984) 36 Cal.3d 604, 628 [205 Cal. Rptr. 775, 685 P.2d 1126]; People v. Vuksanovich (1982) 136 Cal. App.3d 65, 75, fn. 2 [185 Cal. Rptr. 842]; People v. Hampton (1981) 116 Cal. App.3d 193, 198-199 [172 Cal. Rptr. 25]; People v. Chambers (1980) 108 Cal. App.3d 985, 990-991 [166 Cal. Rptr. 815].

It will be noted that under People v. Pompa-Ortiz, supra, 27 Cal.3d 519, the sole remedy of one situated as Flint claims to have been, is by pretrial "application for extraordinary writ." Here Flint does not appear to have sought such a timely writ.

(2) A related argument is that: "The superior court employed an incorrect standard of review in ruling upon appellant's Penal Code section 995 motion."

The argument springs from the superior court's statement that "it was bound by the magistrate's finding." The magistrate had found probable cause to conclude that the burglary had been committed by Flint. The superior court was bound by that finding if it was supported by the evidence. (See People v. Hall (1971) 3 Cal.3d 992, 996 [92 Cal. Rptr. 304, 479 P.2d 664].) If it was not supported by the evidence, Flint's exclusive remedy was by timely application for an appropriate extraordinary writ, as pointed out by People v. Pompa-Ortiz, supra, 27 Cal.3d 519, 529, and its related cases. Having failed to seek that remedy, Flint may not here complain.

II. Contention: "The in-field identifications were unreliable and should therefore have been suppressed."

(3) Flint argues: "It has been held that a single person showup is not necessarily unfair.... On-the-scene showups for identification purposes aid in quickly exonerating the innocent and discovering the guilty.... However, it has also been pointed out that a single person showup is a highly suggestive procedure." He then insists that because three "infield" witnesses could not identify him "from the front" or "did not get a good look at the face of the man," that the "three identifications were grossly unreliable in a very suggestive setting."

It is true that the witnesses had difficulty in identifying Flint by his facial features, but those shortcomings were made clear to the jury and were manifestly considered by them. However, the witnesses did identify Flint as the burglar by his clothing, posture, build, hairstyle, and race; there was nothing inherently unreliable about the identifications, as made by the witnesses. *19 And surely the in-field identification evidence, such as it was, was relevant and otherwise admissible. It should not have been suppressed, as is argued for by Flint.

Elsewhere, we find evidence that immediately upon the departure of the burglar the police were called. And around that point one of the "in-field" witnesses had seen a stranger leave the area of the burglarized building, and walk rapidly away. The police soon arrived and the witness told them "that a black man wearing a brown leather jacket, blue jeans, brown heavy boots with a medium natural had just left his alleyway about a minute ago." And the witness pointed to the direction of the man's departure. The police car with the witness then drove off in pursuit. Soon the witness saw a man, and said, "that could be him." As the police vehicle drove toward the man, he looked in the direction of the patrol car. "He immediately turned around, took off the brown leather jacket that he was wearing, and walked at a fast pace towards the bushes into the ravine area." When the man entered the bushes the police started a chase which ended by a police officer with a drawn service revolver ordering him to stop. Soon at an "in-field" identification, each of

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People v. Flint, 180 Cal. App. 3d 13, 225 Cal. Rptr. 323 (Cal. Ct. App. 1986).

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