People v. Figueroa

153 A.D.2d 576, 544 N.Y.S.2d 618, 1989 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 10703
Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York·Decided August 7, 1989·Published·Cited by 6 cases

Opinion

Appeal by the defendant from a judgment of the County Court, Orange County (Byrne, J.), rendered January 22, 1987, convicting him of rape in the first degree and sodomy in the first degree, upon a jury verdict, and imposing sentence.

Ordered that the judgment is affirmed.

The defendant contends that his conviction should be reversed and the indictment dismissed due to alleged inconsistencies in the testimony of the complaining witness, rendering the evidence legally insufficient. Alternatively, the defendant argues that the verdict should be set aside as against the weight of the evidence. We find, however, that the sworn testimony of the nine-year-old victim provided a rational basis for the jury to conclude that the prosecution had proved every element of the crimes charged beyond a reasonable doubt (see, Jackson v Virginia, 443 US 307, 319). Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution (see, People v Contes, 60 NY2d 620), we find that it was legally sufficient to establish the defendant’s guilt. Moreover, upon the exercise of our factual review power, we are satisfied that the verdict was not against the weight of the evidence (CPL 470.15 [5]).

It is well settled that, for purposes of appellate review of the legal sufficiency of the evidence, the facts must be viewed in the light most favorable to the prevailing party. Thus, it must be assumed that the jury credited the People’s witnesses and gave the prosecution’s evidence the full weight that might reasonably be accorded to it (see, e.g., People v Barnes, 50 NY2d 375, 381; People v Bigelow, 106 AD2d 448, 449). Viewed in this light, the evidence in this case was unquestionably sufficient to support the verdict. The nine-year-old victim of these crimes, who was properly sworn after inquiry by the court, testified that on the morning of August 31, 1985, when she was eight years old, the defendant, whom she knew well as a co-worker of her father and a family friend, came to her home. That morning, the victim’s parents went shopping for a new car. While they were gone, the victim went to stay with an upstairs neighbor. However, after a while, the victim asked permission from the neighbor to go downstairs and change her [577]*577clothes”. Once downstairs, she turned on the television. While she was watching a children’s program, the defendant came into the room and sat down. The defendant soon told the victim to come over to him and instructed her to lie on her back. He then pulled up the victim’s pajamas, pulled down his pants and put his penis in her vagina. After a few minutes, he took her into her bedroom and told her to lie on her stomach on the bed. He then inserted his penis in her rectum. The child testified that it felt "[tjerrible” and that she repeatedly told him to stop. After approximately one minute, he removed his penis, pulled down her pajamas and pulled up his pants. The defendant gave the victim $5, instructing her not to tell anyone. He offered her another $5 if she let him do it again, but the child refused. The victim testified that the defendant went into the kitchen where he picked up a washcloth and then went outside. About a minute later, the defendant returned the washcloth and left. About 10 minutes later, the victim’s brother entered the apartment. She told him, "don’t tell, don’t tell”, showed him the $5 and told him that "Benny” gave it to her. She then started crying. The child’s testimony was, itself, sufficient to establish the defendant’s guilt (see, People v Dickson, 112 AD2d 312).

Furthermore, portions of the child’s testimony were corroborated by the testimony of her mother, her father, who was called as a defense witness, her brother and the neighbor. All of these witnesses agreed that the defendant came to the home of the victim’s family on the morning of August 31, 1985, and was still there when the victim’s parents left. The victim’s mother and father testified that when they left the house to purchase a new car that morning, the defendant was outside their home, while their daughter was upstairs with the neighbor, and their son (who was 11 years old at the time of the trial) went with a friend to a local diner for breakfast.

The neighbor testified that after the victim came to her apartment, she heard the parent’s car pull out of the driveway. After the victim had been in her apartment for approximately 15 minutes, she asked for permission to go downstairs to change her clothes because the neighbor’s baby had "spit up” on her. The victim’s brother testified that when he came into the apartment after returning from the diner, he found his sister, still in her pajamas, crying. She showed him a $5 bill and told him, "don’t tell mom”. He asked her where she got the $5, and she told him. The victim’s brother waited for his sister to change her clothes, and they went upstairs. The neighbor testified that the victim was gone from the apart[578]*578ment for no more than 20 minutes, and that, when she returned, she watched television and did not speak to anyone.

Indeed, the victim’s silence regarding this incident lasted approximately two months and is heavily relied upon by the defendant in his attack on her credibility. However, the testimony provided a reasonable explanation for that silence and presented a triable issue for the jury. The victim explained that she did not report this incident because she was scared and thought something would happen to her. Furthermore, since at the time of this attack the victim’s vocabulary did not include words such as "penis”, "vagina” and "rectum”, it is reasonable to infer that she found it difficult to relate the incident. In addition, according to the victim’s mother, she was asked, on a nightly basis, whether anyone had touched her "private parts”. Thus, it is inferrable that this young victim remained silent out of concern and even fear that she had allowed someone to touch her "private parts”, contrary to her mother’s instructions.

The testimony concerning the circumstances under which she finally reluctantly revealed what had happened to her is further support for the authenticity of the event and the emotional upset which prevented her immediate outcry. The victim, her mother and her brother testified that on October 28, 1985, the victim and her brother got into an argument during which the brother threatened "to tell mommy about the five dollars that [the victim] had gotten from Benny”. Overhearing this statement, the mother inquired about the money. The children explained that the money came from the defendant, but the victim began crying and refused to explain why he had given it to her. Only when her mother insisted did the victim explain that the defendant had "put his thing in my thing”. She went on to explain to her mother what she meant by "thing”. The victim’s mother immediately reported this incident to the police and took her daughter to the emergency room of a local hospital. Thus, the jury could have reasonably found that the delay in reporting this incident was caused by the immaturity, innocence and fear of the young victim.

In addition, the defendant challenges the victim’s credibility based on an error in the victim’s testimony concerning which television program she was watching just before the crimes were committed. In her trial testimony approximately one year after the crime, the victim recalled that she had watched "Gummy Bears”. However, the director of program analysis for the National Broadcasting Company testified that the [579]*579show "Gummy Bears” was not aired until September 14, 1985, approximately two weeks after this crime occurred.

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People v. Figueroa, 153 A.D.2d 576, 544 N.Y.S.2d 618, 1989 N.Y. App. Div. LEXIS 10703 (N.Y. Ct. App. 1989).

153 A.D.2d 576 (People v. Figueroa) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.

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