People v. Espinoza

985 P.2d 68, 1999 WL 179087
Colorado Court of Appeals·Decided October 4, 1999·No. 98CA1155·Published·Cited by 5 cases

Opinions

Opinion by

Judge BRIGGS.

Defendant, Danny M. Espinoza, appeals from the trial court’s denial of his motion for postconviction relief pursuant to Crim. P. 35(c). We reverse and remand for further proceedings.

In 1994, in accordance with a plea agreement, defendant pled guilty to menacing, a class five felony in violation of § 18-3-206, C.R.S.1998. The agreement provided that he would be sentenced to the Department of Corrections (DOC) for a term of four years.

In 1995, defendant filed a pro se Crim. P. 35(c) motion in which he alleged that, in the absence of any finding of aggravation, his agreed sentence impermissibly exceeded the maximum of three years imprisonment set forth in the presumptive range for class five felonies. The prosecutor confessed the motion, and the trial court reduced defendant’s DOC sentence to three years.

In 1997, defendant filed a new Crim. P. 35(c) motion. He alleged he had not been advised that the agreed sentence would entail an additional two-year period of mandatory parole or that, if he violated the conditions of parole, he would be required to serve the remainder of the parole term in prison. Defendant argued that the addition of the term of parole resulted in a total sentence in excess of that for which he had bargained. He sought to have his sentence, including the mandatory period of parole, reduced to a total of three years. In the alternative, defendant requested that his conviction be vacated and that he be permitted to withdraw his plea.

[70]*70Following a hearing, the court denied the motion. It reasoned that defendant had been advised in writing of the possible penalties provided by statute, which, in addition to any term of incarceration, would include a period of parole; that he had been represented by counsel; and that defendant had stated he understood the plea agreement and he was satisfied with his attorney’s services. That ruling is the subject of this appeal.

I.

Defendant initially contends that the imposition of a period of mandatory parole, in addition to the agreed sentence to the custody of the DOC, violated his constitutional right to protection against double jeopardy. We disagree.

A two-year period of mandatory parole is a required part of defendant’s original -Sentence. See § 18-l-105(l)(a)(V), C.R.S.1998; People v. Barth, 981 P.2d 1102 (Colo.App.1999). Contrary to defendant’s argument, merely correcting the mittimus to reflect the required period of parole does not subject a defendant to double jeopardy. See People v. District Court, 673 P.2d 991 (Colo.1983); People v. Barth, supra.

II.

Defendant separately asserts he was not advised that, in addition to the sentence to which he expressly agreed, he would be required to serve an additional term of mandatory parole. He argues that as a result, he has been compelled to serve a sentence longer than he understood the plea bargain required. In the circumstances presented here, we agree.

To satisfy due process concerns that a plea be made knowingly, it must be made with a full understanding of its consequences. People v. District Court, 868 P.2d 400 (Colo.1994). Our supreme court has concluded that the trial court must therefore advise a defendant of the “direct consequences” of a conviction resulting from a plea. See People v. Birdsong, 958 P.2d 1124 (Colo.1998); People v. Pozo, 746 P.2d 523 (Colo.1987); cf. Crim. P. 11 (b)(4)(before accepting a plea, the trial court must determine that the defendant “has been advised” of the “possible penalties”). A mandatory parole term is such a consequence because of the significant curtailment of a defendant’s freedom during the term of parole. See People v. Tyus, 776 P.2d 1143 (Colo.App.1989).

In People v. Sandoval, 809 P.2d 1058 (Colo.App.1990), the sentencing court failed to advise the defendant that his stipulated sentence would include a period of mandatory parole. A division of this court concluded that, as a result, the defendant was being unfairly compelled to accept a sentence longer than he understood his plea agreement required.

Here, paragraph three of defendant’s plea agreement states the agreed sentence. It provides that defendant will be “sentenced to the Department of Corrections for a term of four years.” There is no mention of any additional period of parole.

As the court noted in denying defendant’s Crim. P. 35(c) motion, paragraph four does state that defendant understands the possible penalties for the offense to which he is pleading guilty; that these could include commitment to the custody of the DOC for a definite term within the presumptive range of one to three years, or a fine, or both; that, if the court finds the presence of extraordinary aggravating circumstances, defendant could be subject to a maximum term of imprisonment of six years; and that, in addition to any term of incarceration, defendant would serve a period of parole.

However, the advisement in paragraph four describes the “possible” penalties that could be imposed. In contrast, paragraph three states the actual sentence to which the parties had agreed. As noted, that sentence includes neither a fine nor a term of parole.

At the providency hearing, the sentencing court informed defendant that “the key terms of the plea agreement are in paragraphs 1, 2, and 3.” The court stated that, under the agreement, defendant would be sentenced to the DOC for a term of four years. At no time during the providency hearing did the court make any reference to paragraph four of the plea agreement; to any term of parole, mandatory or otherwise; [71]*71or even to the possibility of parole as an additional part of the agreed sentence.

The court proceeded immediately to sentencing. It sentenced defendant to the custody of the DOC for a term of four years, with credit for thirty-two days of presentence confinement. Once again, parole was not mentioned.

The court then entered a “Judgment of Conviction, Sentence And Order To Sheriff.” The judgment reflects the sentence of four years to the DOC — without any reference to parole, mandatory or otherwise.

Upon defendant’s first Crim. P. 35(c) motion and the prosecutor’s confession of the motion, the sentencing court amended the judgment to reduce the agreed sentence to a term of three years. The court again noted that it had accepted the plea agreement. Its order again made no reference to parole.

A “sentence” consists of both the period of incarceration and any additional period of required parole. This is because the privilege of parole is merely a grant of permission to a defendant to serve the remainder of a sentence outside the prison walls, while remaining under the supervision of the DOC. See People v. Barth, supra; People v. Leedom, 781 P.2d 173 (Colo.App.1989); see also People v. Hunter, 738 P.2d 20 (Colo.App.1986), aff'd, 757 P.2d 631 (Colo.1988).

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

People v. Espinoza, 985 P.2d 68, 1999 WL 179087 (Colo. Ct. App. 1999).

985 P.2d 68 (People v. Espinoza) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.

Related

People v. Fennell
32 P.3d 1092 (Colorado Court of Appeals, 2000)
People v. Calderon
992 P.2d 1201 (Colorado Court of Appeals, 2000)
People v. Johnson
987 P.2d 928 (Colorado Court of Appeals, 1999)
People v. Martin
987 P.2d 919 (Colorado Court of Appeals, 1999)
People v. Espinoza
985 P.2d 68 (Colorado Court of Appeals, 1999)