People v. Bergstrom

544 P.2d 396, 190 Colo. 105, 1975 Colo. LEXIS 896
CourtSupreme Court of Colorado
DecidedDecember 22, 1975
Docket26168
StatusPublished
Cited by26 cases

This text of 544 P.2d 396 (People v. Bergstrom) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of Colorado primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
People v. Bergstrom, 544 P.2d 396, 190 Colo. 105, 1975 Colo. LEXIS 896 (Colo. 1975).

Opinions

MR. JUSTICE LEE

delivered the opinion of the Court.

Appellant Delton John Bergstrom was convicted for violation of 1971 Perm. Supp., C.R.S. 1963, 40-12-108,1 the so-called “felon with a gun” statute. In a separate trial, he was found by the jury to be an habitual criminal within the meaning of Colo. Sess. Laws 1972, ch. 44, 39-13-101.2 He was sentenced to life imprisonment in the state penitentiary. We affirm.

The case arises out of the following events. Appellant was on parole. On February 28, 1972, his parole had been suspended and on June 19, 1972, it was revoked. Thereafter, a parole agent of the Colorado Division of Parole notified the Larimer County Sheriffs office that appellant had absconded from supervision and was wanted. In response, two sheriffs deputies, Officers Urista and Forsythe, proceeded to the trailer where appellant was said to reside. They knocked and were told to enter. Inside, they found appellant and informed him that he was under arrest for parole violation. Appellant requested and was granted permission to put on shoes and a fresh shirt. Officer Urista accompanied him to his bedroom to keep an eye on him while he changed. Upon returning to the living room, appellant reached into his pants pocket and attempted to hand an object to one Gayle Downing, a friend who had just entered the room. Before the transfer could be completed, the officer discovered the object to be a gun, a derringer, of which Downing claimed ownership. The weapon was seized. Though not loaded when taken from appellant’s possession, it was operational, as demonstrated by a subsequent police firing.

It was established at trial that appellant had been convicted of robbery, a felony in Colorado, in 1966. The jury returned a verdict of guilty on the charge of possessidn of weapons by a previous offender.

A second proceeding was thereupon commenced under the habitual criminal statute. The People’s evidence showed appellant had been previously convicted of grand larceny in Colorado, in 1963, of automobile theft in Nebraska, in 1964, of simple robbery in Colorado, in 1966, and of burglary in Colorado, in 1967. Appellant took the stand in his own defense to [108]*108testify that he had not been assisted by counsel in the Nebraska proceeding, and that he did not remember if he had been advised of his constitutional right to counsel. The jury found appellant to be the same person as alleged in all the habitual counts.

Additional facts will be set forth in this opinion insofar as relevant to the contentions of error raised by appellant.

I.

We reject appellant’s first argument, that the felon with a gun statute is unconstitutional, for the reasons stated in People v. Blue, Brown and Ulibarri, 190 Colo. 95, 544 P.2d 385.

II.

Another of appellant’s contentions can also be dismissed briefly — that the imposition of a penalty under the habitual criminal statute violates his right under the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution. We held in People v. Thomas, 189 Colo. 490, 542 P.2d 387, that, absent a showing of discrimination based on race or other arbitrary criteria, the selective use of the habitual criminal act does not deny any defendant equal protection of the laws; nor does it constitute cruel and unusual punishment within the meaning of the Eighth Amendment.

Appellant argues further, however, that the imposition of the life sentence, with respect to him, is excessively harsh, and hence violates the Eighth Amendment. This argument has no merit. The habitual criminal act has been specifically upheld in spite of its increased penalty provisions. Bernard v. Tinsley, 144 Colo. 244, 355 P.2d 1098; Vigil v. People, 137 Colo. 161, 322 P.2d 320. The legislature may, within broad limits, decide the penalty for each offense. People v. Fulmer, 185 Colo. 366, 524 P.2d 606; Trujullo v. People, 178 Colo. 136, 496 P.2d 1026; Austin v. Denver, 170 Colo. 448, 462 P.2d 600, cert. denied, 398 U.S. 910, 90 S.Ct. 1703, 26 L.Ed.2d 69; Normand v. People, 165 Colo. 509, 440 P.2d 282.

III.

Appellant next argues that the trial court erred in failing to declare a mistrial on the ground that certain portions of the prosecution’s closing statement were unduly prejudicial and inflammatory because the district attorney referred to the gun in this case as a “Saturday night special or a cop killer.” While we do not approve the comment of the district attorney, we do not believe it to be sufficiently prejudicial to warrant reversal. The descriptive terms were used by the district attorney in rebuttal to defense counsel’s argument — “There is no evidence that this weapon is some sort of weapon like a garrot, or, as far as I can see, it is just an ordinary small pistol.”

Upon objection by defense counsel, the jury was instructed by the court to disregard the district attorney’s remarks.

[109]*109At the conclusion of the closing arguments, appellant’s counsel moved for a mistrial. The motion was denied. We will not assume that the jurors ignored the court’s instruction to disregard the comments by the district attorney, People v. Jacobs, 179 Colo. 182, 499 P.2d 615, and under these circumstances we do not find that the court abused its discretion in denying the motion for mistrial. For a somewhat analogous situation, see People v. Lankford, 185 Colo. 445, 524 P.2d 1382.

IV.

Appellant’s next contention is that the trial court erred in allowing his 1966 robbery conviction to be used both to establish an element of the substantive offense (possession of a weapon by a previous offender) and to enhance punishment under the habitual criminal statute. For this proposition he relies on State v. Ware, 201 Kan. 563, 442 P.2d 9, which contains the following language:

“The previous conviction of felonious assault which was relied on as a necessary element and ingredient in order to constitute the offense under the firearms statute (K.S.A. 21-2611), may not be used and relied on to invoke the habitual criminal statute.”

This language must, however, be viewed in the context in which it was used. Kansas had a firearms statute (akin to our felon with a gun statute) which provided for imprisonment up to five years for persons previously convicted of one felony, who owned or kept guns.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
544 P.2d 396, 190 Colo. 105, 1975 Colo. LEXIS 896, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/people-v-bergstrom-colo-1975.