MR. JUSTICE SMITH
delivered the opinion of the court.
This is an appeal from an order of the district court of Flathead county setting aside a default judgment and permitting the defendant to answer. The plaintiff, who was sister to the deceased, Jacob Fine, filed a claim against his estate in the sum of $500, for work, labor and services performed by her during the years 1901 to 1906. The administrator rejected the claim, and this action resulted. •
Summons was personally served on May 29, 1908, default entered on June 19, and judgment entered June 20, 1908. On [28]*28'June 24 motion and notice of motion to vacate the judgment were served and filed, accompanied by the affidavits of the defendant and C. H. Foot, Esq., his attorney. The affidavit of Mr. Peeler contains the following allegations: “That through ■mistake, inadvertence, and neglect of himself and his counsel, C. H. Foot, he was prevented from appearing and answering in said action, as shown by the affidavit of his counsel hereto attached, and the following statement: That on the second day of- June, 1908, he delivered to said counsel the summons and complaint in said action served upon him; that he does not remember whether at that time he told his counsel when the summons and complaint were served upon him, but believes he did; that he briefly discussed the ease with his counsel, and then left him, instructing said counsel to look after the case and see that the answer was properly filed, and his said counsel assured him that he would do so. This affiant had just returned the morning before from a three weeks’ absence from the city of Kalispell, his home, and found a great deal of business accumulated during his said absence, and that for several days succeeding the delivery of said papers to his counsel, he was exceedingly busy with his duties as president of the First National Bank of Kalispell, and had no time to give thought to said action, and, relying upon the promises of his said counsel, did not attempt to charge his mind therewith.” This averment is followed by an affidavit of merits.
In Mr. Foot’s affidavit is found the following: “That on the second day of June, 1908, said D. R. Peeler called upon affiant in his office, in the city of Kalispell, and delivered to him a copy of the complaint and summons in the above-entitled action; that said defendant inquired of affiant what he had to do with the papers served upon him, and affiant replied that he would have to answer and defend in said action. The merits of the case were but briefly discussed between affiant and defendant at that time, as both had been aware for some time that such an action was to be commenced, and the merits of the case had been thoroughly discussed on previous occasions, and all the facts known to said defendant were known to affiant at [29]*29that time, as he verily believes. In just what manner the information was conveyed affiant is unable to state, but at that time, to-wit, June 2, 1908, affiant understood and believed from the conversation he had with said defendant that said summons had been served upon defendant that day, and that, immediately after the defendant left his office, he entered upon his desk calendar the date when time for answering would expire, to-wit, June 22, 1908; that affiant at no time forgot that the day for answering, as he understood it, was on the twenty-second day of June, 1908, and he at all times fully intended to prepare his answer to said complaint, and have the same filed within the twenty days from the date of the service of the summons, and would have done so but for the misunderstanding between himself and said defendant; that just about the time said action was commenced affiant conversed with plaintiff's attorney, Charles W. Pomeroy, Esq., concerning the same, and their conversation was to the effect that the said ease could not be reached for trial until late in the fall of the year 1908, as both parties to the action would have to take depositions of witnesses, all of whom, as to the facts and merits of the case, reside in England, as affiant is informed and believes. For this reason, and as no trial jury was expected till November, 1908, he made no haste to get the case at issue, therefore delayed preparing the answer until the 20th of June. In preparing to serve his answer he discovered for the first time that default had been entered in said action against said defendant. He immediately interviewed plaintiff’s attorney, and informed him of his intentions to move to vacate the default, and asked plaintiff’s attorney to consent to its being vacated, and to not enter the judgment on the default. This plaintiff’s counsel at that time declined to do, and affiant then began the preparation of the papers necessary to vacate said default.”
An answer was tendered, admitting the death of Jacob Fine, the appointment and qualification of the defendant as administrator of his estate, and the publication of notice to creditors to present their claims within four months. ' As to the allegations that plaintiff performed work and services for deceased in his [30]*30lifetime of the value of $500, for which she has not been paid, the answer sets forth: “As to each, every, and all of the allegations, matters, statements and things in the first and second paragraphs of the said complaint defendant denies that he has any knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief.” Then follows a denial of “each and every allegation in said complaint contained not herein specifically admitted or denied.”
But one question is argued in the briefs, to-wit, whether the court below abused its discretion in vacating the judgment; but on the argument two other contentions were advanced by counsel for the appellant.
(a) It was contended that the denial of knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief does not put in issue the allegations of the complaint to which it is directed. ■ The denial is in the words of the statute, with the exception that the word “thereof” is omitted. Section 6540, Revised Codes, provides: “The answer of the defendant must contain a general or specific denial of each material allegation of the complaint controverted by the defendant, or of any knowledge or information thereof sufficient to form a belief, or a specific admission or denial of some of the allegations of the complaint, and also a general denial of all the allegations of the complaint not specifically admitted or denied in the answer.” We hold that under this statute a defendant may deny generally or specifieálly certain allegations of the complaint, and may, as to other allegations, deny any knowledge or information thereof sufficient to form a belief, and may admit other allegations, and may put still others, or all others, in issue by a general denial; and we think this construction has generally been adopted and acted upon by the profession. Under this rule of construction a general denial is proper in cases where certain allegations have already been generally or specifically denied, and in cases where the pleader has already denied any knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of particular allegations, and has specifically admitted others.
The appellant cites the case of Downing N. D. Land Co. v. Burns, 30 Colo. 283, 70 Pac. 413, in which the supreme court [31]*31of Colorado held the answer insufficient. But in that case the denial was in this form: “This defendant hath not and cannot obtain sufficient information upon which to base a belief. ’ ’ The court held that the defendant was required by statute to state that he had no
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MR. JUSTICE SMITH
delivered the opinion of the court.
This is an appeal from an order of the district court of Flathead county setting aside a default judgment and permitting the defendant to answer. The plaintiff, who was sister to the deceased, Jacob Fine, filed a claim against his estate in the sum of $500, for work, labor and services performed by her during the years 1901 to 1906. The administrator rejected the claim, and this action resulted. •
Summons was personally served on May 29, 1908, default entered on June 19, and judgment entered June 20, 1908. On [28]*28'June 24 motion and notice of motion to vacate the judgment were served and filed, accompanied by the affidavits of the defendant and C. H. Foot, Esq., his attorney. The affidavit of Mr. Peeler contains the following allegations: “That through ■mistake, inadvertence, and neglect of himself and his counsel, C. H. Foot, he was prevented from appearing and answering in said action, as shown by the affidavit of his counsel hereto attached, and the following statement: That on the second day of- June, 1908, he delivered to said counsel the summons and complaint in said action served upon him; that he does not remember whether at that time he told his counsel when the summons and complaint were served upon him, but believes he did; that he briefly discussed the ease with his counsel, and then left him, instructing said counsel to look after the case and see that the answer was properly filed, and his said counsel assured him that he would do so. This affiant had just returned the morning before from a three weeks’ absence from the city of Kalispell, his home, and found a great deal of business accumulated during his said absence, and that for several days succeeding the delivery of said papers to his counsel, he was exceedingly busy with his duties as president of the First National Bank of Kalispell, and had no time to give thought to said action, and, relying upon the promises of his said counsel, did not attempt to charge his mind therewith.” This averment is followed by an affidavit of merits.
In Mr. Foot’s affidavit is found the following: “That on the second day of June, 1908, said D. R. Peeler called upon affiant in his office, in the city of Kalispell, and delivered to him a copy of the complaint and summons in the above-entitled action; that said defendant inquired of affiant what he had to do with the papers served upon him, and affiant replied that he would have to answer and defend in said action. The merits of the case were but briefly discussed between affiant and defendant at that time, as both had been aware for some time that such an action was to be commenced, and the merits of the case had been thoroughly discussed on previous occasions, and all the facts known to said defendant were known to affiant at [29]*29that time, as he verily believes. In just what manner the information was conveyed affiant is unable to state, but at that time, to-wit, June 2, 1908, affiant understood and believed from the conversation he had with said defendant that said summons had been served upon defendant that day, and that, immediately after the defendant left his office, he entered upon his desk calendar the date when time for answering would expire, to-wit, June 22, 1908; that affiant at no time forgot that the day for answering, as he understood it, was on the twenty-second day of June, 1908, and he at all times fully intended to prepare his answer to said complaint, and have the same filed within the twenty days from the date of the service of the summons, and would have done so but for the misunderstanding between himself and said defendant; that just about the time said action was commenced affiant conversed with plaintiff's attorney, Charles W. Pomeroy, Esq., concerning the same, and their conversation was to the effect that the said ease could not be reached for trial until late in the fall of the year 1908, as both parties to the action would have to take depositions of witnesses, all of whom, as to the facts and merits of the case, reside in England, as affiant is informed and believes. For this reason, and as no trial jury was expected till November, 1908, he made no haste to get the case at issue, therefore delayed preparing the answer until the 20th of June. In preparing to serve his answer he discovered for the first time that default had been entered in said action against said defendant. He immediately interviewed plaintiff’s attorney, and informed him of his intentions to move to vacate the default, and asked plaintiff’s attorney to consent to its being vacated, and to not enter the judgment on the default. This plaintiff’s counsel at that time declined to do, and affiant then began the preparation of the papers necessary to vacate said default.”
An answer was tendered, admitting the death of Jacob Fine, the appointment and qualification of the defendant as administrator of his estate, and the publication of notice to creditors to present their claims within four months. ' As to the allegations that plaintiff performed work and services for deceased in his [30]*30lifetime of the value of $500, for which she has not been paid, the answer sets forth: “As to each, every, and all of the allegations, matters, statements and things in the first and second paragraphs of the said complaint defendant denies that he has any knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief.” Then follows a denial of “each and every allegation in said complaint contained not herein specifically admitted or denied.”
But one question is argued in the briefs, to-wit, whether the court below abused its discretion in vacating the judgment; but on the argument two other contentions were advanced by counsel for the appellant.
(a) It was contended that the denial of knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief does not put in issue the allegations of the complaint to which it is directed. ■ The denial is in the words of the statute, with the exception that the word “thereof” is omitted. Section 6540, Revised Codes, provides: “The answer of the defendant must contain a general or specific denial of each material allegation of the complaint controverted by the defendant, or of any knowledge or information thereof sufficient to form a belief, or a specific admission or denial of some of the allegations of the complaint, and also a general denial of all the allegations of the complaint not specifically admitted or denied in the answer.” We hold that under this statute a defendant may deny generally or specifieálly certain allegations of the complaint, and may, as to other allegations, deny any knowledge or information thereof sufficient to form a belief, and may admit other allegations, and may put still others, or all others, in issue by a general denial; and we think this construction has generally been adopted and acted upon by the profession. Under this rule of construction a general denial is proper in cases where certain allegations have already been generally or specifically denied, and in cases where the pleader has already denied any knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of particular allegations, and has specifically admitted others.
The appellant cites the case of Downing N. D. Land Co. v. Burns, 30 Colo. 283, 70 Pac. 413, in which the supreme court [31]*31of Colorado held the answer insufficient. But in that case the denial was in this form: “This defendant hath not and cannot obtain sufficient information upon which to base a belief. ’ ’ The court held that the defendant was required by statute to state that he had no knowledge or information upon which to base a belief. In the case of Jurgens v. Wichmann, 124 App. Div. 531, 108 N. Y. Supp. 881, the supreme court held the following to be no denial: “Denies knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of any of the allegations in paragraph 5 of the complaint.” And again, in White v. Gibson, 61 Misc. Rep. 436, 113 N. Y. Supp. 983, the same court held that this allegation in an answer raised no issue: “It alleges that it has no knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief as to the truth of any of the allegations contained in the articles of the amended complaint marked ‘1’ to ‘8.’ ” The court said that such° denials and allegations were “too slovenly and loose.” But we think the answer in this ease is sufficient in this regard. The decisions of the supreme court of New York are exceedingly technical, and we are not disposed to follow them. Neither is the decision of this court in Milwaukee Gold Extraction Co. v. Gordon, 37 Mont. 209, 95 Pac. 995, in conformity with them. Section 6566, Revised Codes, reads: “In the construction of a pleading, for the purpose of determining its effect, its allegations must be liberally construed, with a view to substantial justice between the parties.” We do not regard the omission of the word “thereof” as of any consequence, when it is apparent that the subject of the denial was certain specified allegations in the complaint.
(b) It is contended that the general denial in the answer is inconsistent with certain statements contained in the affidavit of merits, and is therefore not effective to put in issue the allegation that plaintiff’s claim was presented to the administrator and rejected. The statement in the affidavit is as folhnvs: “That after affiant was appointed administrator of said estate, there was delivered to him a pretended creditor’s claim in favor of said plaintiff against the estate of said deceased, but that said claim was never verified or sworn to, or made under oath [32]*32by said claimant, in the manner provided by law, and was therefore not a legal claim against the estate; that affiant was informed and believed, and still does believe, from the information he had received that said claim was not just, and ought not to be allowed, and was instructed by Eliza Fine, the sole heir of said deceased, not to allow said claim, and for the further reason that said claim was not properly verified he rejected the same; that a full, true, and correct copy of said pretended claim, as served upon him and by him rejected, is hereto attached and hereof made a part.” The allegation in the complaint is: “That on the eleventh day of January, 1908, plaintiff duly presented to said administrator her claim, hereinbefore mentioned, in writing, supported by her affidavit in due form as required by law,” etc. We find no such inconsistency between, the answer and the affidavit as would warrant the district court in refusing to vacate the judgment on that ground. An inspection of the copy of the claim leads to the conclusion that the defendant, in the protection of the estate intrusted to his care, might without impropriety question the sufficiency of the claim as presented, and we understand that this is what he seeks to do by the answer.
It would serve no useful purpose to analyze the allegations of the affidavits upon which the court below based its action, or to review the authorities on the subject. This court has had occasion to consider such orders so often that the principle of law involved is Well settled. (Loeb v. Schmith, 1 Mont. 87; Mantle v. Largey, 17 Mont. 479, 43 Pac. 633.) Every case must be decided upon its own facts. The respondent promptly-moved to vacate the judgment. We are of opinion that the district court did not abuse its discretion in granting'the defendant’s motion and vacating the judgment without imposing terms, and the order appealed from is therefore affirmed.
Affirmed.
Mr. Chief Justice Brantly and Mr. Justice Holloway concur.