Morton, J.,
delivered the opinion of the Court. Lowe, J., dissents and filed a dissenting opinion at page 203 infra.
Appellant was convicted by a jury sitting in the Criminal Court of Baltimore (Thomas, J., presiding) of murder in the second degree and the unlawful use of a handgun in the commission of a crime of violence. Sentences totaling 45 years were imposed. In this appeal it is first contended that the evidence was legally insufficient to sustain the convictions.
The record indicates that just before midnight on May 18, 1974, a police officer, in response to a call, discovered the blood splattered body of Ernest Leo Swigert, an elderly white man, lying on the floor in a house located at 817 S. Charles Street, Baltimore. In the next room he found the body of Lillian Foster, a female Negro, lying in a pool of blood. He observed that the lock on the entrance door had been broken. The autopsy report showed that the body of Swigert had sustained eight gunshot wounds and the body of Mrs. Foster had sustained a gunshot wound to the head from a weapon fired at close range.
The appellant was arrested at 4:30 a.m. on May 20, 1974. At the time of his arrest he was found sleeping in a vacant house on an old mattress. Two handguns were removed from his pockets in addition to a substantial quantity of live ammunition. A ballistic report indicated that one of the bullets found in the body of Swigert had been fired from one of the guns found on appellant. A fingerprint test indicated that appellant’s palm print was found on the screen door of the house where the bodies were found. A stipulation read [198]*198into the record revealed that one of the guns found on appellant at the time of his arrest had been purchased by Lillian Foster on January 11,1974.
The appellant did not testify.
The jury found appellant guilty of murdering Swigert but not guilty of murdering Mrs. Foster.
We cannot agree, as appellant contends, that the evidence was legally insufficient to sustain his convictions. The gun found on the appellant at the time of his arrest was proven to be the death weapon and this evidence, coupled with the evidence of his palm print having been found on the screen door of the house where the bodies were discovered, constituted ample evidence from which the jury could conclude beyond a reasonable doubt that appellant was guilty of murdering Swigert. Williams and McClelland v. State, 5 Md. App. 450; Lawless v. State, 3 Md. App. 652. That the murder was committed by the use of a handgun was clearly demonstrated.
The appellant next contends that the trial judge committed reversible error in giving the following instruction to the jury over the appellant’s objection:
“It is the privilege of an accused not to testify in a criminal case and you should not entertain any presumption or inference against the defendant because of his absence from the stand. It is not to be considered against him, as he has the option but not the obligation to testify in a criminal case.”
At the conclusion of the instructions to the jury, defense counsel advised the trial judge:
“We would also object to the Court having advised the jury that they are not to draw any inference of the defendant’s guilt from his failure to testify. The defendant specifically requested this instruction not to be given because in the opinion of his counsel it is prejudicial; that part which discusses his privilege not to testify would indi[199]*199cate to the jury that he might have testified had he chosen to do so. I did request the Court not give that charge because I felt it reemphasized his silence.”
No argument and no citation of authorities in support of the contention are offered in the brief filed on behalf of appellant in this Court. On the other hand, the State in its brief discusses the pros and cons of the issue and has referred us to a number of authorities in support of the respective positions. The State’s brief has been most helpful to the Court.
Many of the authorities are found in an Annotation in 18 A.L.R.3d 1335. It is there pointed out that in Griffin v. California, 380 U. S. 609, “it was held that the Fifth Amendment, in its direct application to the Federal Government and in its bearing on the states by reason of the Fourteenth Amendment, forbids either comment by the prosecution on the accused’s silence or instruction by the court that such silence is evidence of guilt.” The Annotation observes that there has been conflict of authority as to whether it is proper under Griffin for a trial judge, over a defendant’s objection, or in the absence of a request by the defendant, to instruct the jury that no inference should be drawn against the accused because of his failure to testify.
In Russell v. State, 398 S.W.2d 213, 215 (Ark. 1966), an instruction to the jury, over defendant’s objection, was held to constitute reversible error, the Court stating: “If the accused is to have the unfettered right to testify or not to testify he should have a correlative right to say whether or not his silence should be singled out for the jury’s attention.”
Again, in State v. Cousins, 4 Ariz. App. 318, 420 P. 2d 185 (1966), it was held, without discussion, that it was error to give such an instruction in the absence of a request for such an instruction. See also Gross v. State, 306 N.E.2d 371 (Ind. 1974); Villines v. State, 492 P. 2d 343 (Okla. Cr. App. 1971); State v. Zaragosa, 6 Ariz. App. 80, 430 P. 2d 426 (1967).
On the other hand, the federal courts have held it proper for the trial court to give the instruction sua sponte. In [200]*200United States v. Garguilo, 310 F. 2d 249, 252 (2nd Cir. 1962), Judge Friendly persuasively reasoned:
“There may be enough in this so that, as Judge Learned Hand said for this Court many years ago, ‘It is no doubt better if a defendant requests no charge upon the subject, for the trial judge to say nothing about it ***.’** * gut we agree also with the rest of Judge Hand’s statement: ‘but to say that when he does, it is error, carries the doctrine of self-incrimination to an absurdity.’ * * * It is far from clear that such an instruction is prejudicial to a defendant; the chances are rather that it is helpful. The jurors have observed the defendant’s failure to take the stand; in the absence of instruction, nothing could be more natural than for them to draw an adverse inference from the lack of testimony by the very person who should know the facts best. And ‘despite the vast accumulation of psychological data, we have not yet attained that certitude about the human mind which would justify * * * a dogmatic assumption that jurors, if properly admonished, neither could nor would heed the instructions of the trial court that the failure of an accused to be a witness in his own cause “shall not create any presumption against him.” ’ ” [Citations omitted.]
See also Hanks v. United States, 388 F. 2d 171 (10th Cir. 1968); Bellard v. United States, 356 F. 2d 437 (5th Cir. 1966); United States v. Woodmansee, 354 F. 2d 235 (2nd Cir. 1965).
In State v. Goldstein, 400 P. 2d 368, 369 (Wash.
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Morton, J.,
delivered the opinion of the Court. Lowe, J., dissents and filed a dissenting opinion at page 203 infra.
Appellant was convicted by a jury sitting in the Criminal Court of Baltimore (Thomas, J., presiding) of murder in the second degree and the unlawful use of a handgun in the commission of a crime of violence. Sentences totaling 45 years were imposed. In this appeal it is first contended that the evidence was legally insufficient to sustain the convictions.
The record indicates that just before midnight on May 18, 1974, a police officer, in response to a call, discovered the blood splattered body of Ernest Leo Swigert, an elderly white man, lying on the floor in a house located at 817 S. Charles Street, Baltimore. In the next room he found the body of Lillian Foster, a female Negro, lying in a pool of blood. He observed that the lock on the entrance door had been broken. The autopsy report showed that the body of Swigert had sustained eight gunshot wounds and the body of Mrs. Foster had sustained a gunshot wound to the head from a weapon fired at close range.
The appellant was arrested at 4:30 a.m. on May 20, 1974. At the time of his arrest he was found sleeping in a vacant house on an old mattress. Two handguns were removed from his pockets in addition to a substantial quantity of live ammunition. A ballistic report indicated that one of the bullets found in the body of Swigert had been fired from one of the guns found on appellant. A fingerprint test indicated that appellant’s palm print was found on the screen door of the house where the bodies were found. A stipulation read [198]*198into the record revealed that one of the guns found on appellant at the time of his arrest had been purchased by Lillian Foster on January 11,1974.
The appellant did not testify.
The jury found appellant guilty of murdering Swigert but not guilty of murdering Mrs. Foster.
We cannot agree, as appellant contends, that the evidence was legally insufficient to sustain his convictions. The gun found on the appellant at the time of his arrest was proven to be the death weapon and this evidence, coupled with the evidence of his palm print having been found on the screen door of the house where the bodies were discovered, constituted ample evidence from which the jury could conclude beyond a reasonable doubt that appellant was guilty of murdering Swigert. Williams and McClelland v. State, 5 Md. App. 450; Lawless v. State, 3 Md. App. 652. That the murder was committed by the use of a handgun was clearly demonstrated.
The appellant next contends that the trial judge committed reversible error in giving the following instruction to the jury over the appellant’s objection:
“It is the privilege of an accused not to testify in a criminal case and you should not entertain any presumption or inference against the defendant because of his absence from the stand. It is not to be considered against him, as he has the option but not the obligation to testify in a criminal case.”
At the conclusion of the instructions to the jury, defense counsel advised the trial judge:
“We would also object to the Court having advised the jury that they are not to draw any inference of the defendant’s guilt from his failure to testify. The defendant specifically requested this instruction not to be given because in the opinion of his counsel it is prejudicial; that part which discusses his privilege not to testify would indi[199]*199cate to the jury that he might have testified had he chosen to do so. I did request the Court not give that charge because I felt it reemphasized his silence.”
No argument and no citation of authorities in support of the contention are offered in the brief filed on behalf of appellant in this Court. On the other hand, the State in its brief discusses the pros and cons of the issue and has referred us to a number of authorities in support of the respective positions. The State’s brief has been most helpful to the Court.
Many of the authorities are found in an Annotation in 18 A.L.R.3d 1335. It is there pointed out that in Griffin v. California, 380 U. S. 609, “it was held that the Fifth Amendment, in its direct application to the Federal Government and in its bearing on the states by reason of the Fourteenth Amendment, forbids either comment by the prosecution on the accused’s silence or instruction by the court that such silence is evidence of guilt.” The Annotation observes that there has been conflict of authority as to whether it is proper under Griffin for a trial judge, over a defendant’s objection, or in the absence of a request by the defendant, to instruct the jury that no inference should be drawn against the accused because of his failure to testify.
In Russell v. State, 398 S.W.2d 213, 215 (Ark. 1966), an instruction to the jury, over defendant’s objection, was held to constitute reversible error, the Court stating: “If the accused is to have the unfettered right to testify or not to testify he should have a correlative right to say whether or not his silence should be singled out for the jury’s attention.”
Again, in State v. Cousins, 4 Ariz. App. 318, 420 P. 2d 185 (1966), it was held, without discussion, that it was error to give such an instruction in the absence of a request for such an instruction. See also Gross v. State, 306 N.E.2d 371 (Ind. 1974); Villines v. State, 492 P. 2d 343 (Okla. Cr. App. 1971); State v. Zaragosa, 6 Ariz. App. 80, 430 P. 2d 426 (1967).
On the other hand, the federal courts have held it proper for the trial court to give the instruction sua sponte. In [200]*200United States v. Garguilo, 310 F. 2d 249, 252 (2nd Cir. 1962), Judge Friendly persuasively reasoned:
“There may be enough in this so that, as Judge Learned Hand said for this Court many years ago, ‘It is no doubt better if a defendant requests no charge upon the subject, for the trial judge to say nothing about it ***.’** * gut we agree also with the rest of Judge Hand’s statement: ‘but to say that when he does, it is error, carries the doctrine of self-incrimination to an absurdity.’ * * * It is far from clear that such an instruction is prejudicial to a defendant; the chances are rather that it is helpful. The jurors have observed the defendant’s failure to take the stand; in the absence of instruction, nothing could be more natural than for them to draw an adverse inference from the lack of testimony by the very person who should know the facts best. And ‘despite the vast accumulation of psychological data, we have not yet attained that certitude about the human mind which would justify * * * a dogmatic assumption that jurors, if properly admonished, neither could nor would heed the instructions of the trial court that the failure of an accused to be a witness in his own cause “shall not create any presumption against him.” ’ ” [Citations omitted.]
See also Hanks v. United States, 388 F. 2d 171 (10th Cir. 1968); Bellard v. United States, 356 F. 2d 437 (5th Cir. 1966); United States v. Woodmansee, 354 F. 2d 235 (2nd Cir. 1965).
In State v. Goldstein, 400 P. 2d 368, 369 (Wash. 1965), where the jury was instructed at the request of the prosecution,, and over the accused’s objection, that no inference.of guilt or innocence was to be drawn from the accused’s failure to take the stand, it was held: “Although the court is not required to give such an instruction unless requested * * * we do- not believe it prejudicial error should the instruction be given either on request of the state.or on the court’s own motion.” [Citation omitted.) See also State v. [201]*201Garcia, 505 P. 2d 862 (N. M. 1972); State v. Kennedy, 203 N.W.2d 106 (Neb. 1972); State v. Wallace, 152 N.W.2d 266 (Iowa 1967).
An elaborate discussion of the problem is contained in the opinion of the California Court of Appeal in People v. Brady, 80 Cal. Rptr. 418, where, after pointing out that the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments of the United States Constitution forbid either comment by the prosecution on an accused’s failure to testify or instructions by the court that the failure to take the stand is evidence of guilt, the court stated, at 422-423:
“The purpose of the Griffin rule is to prevent the accused’s exercise of his constitutional privilege against self-incrimination from being judicially emphasized as affirmative evidence against him. [Citation omitted.]
The instruction involved herein does not state that the defendant’s silence may be construed as an indication of guilt. It is patently obvious to the jury when the accused fails to take the stand, and the instruction admonishes the jurors that the defendant is exercising his constitutional right in not testifying, and that his failure to testify is not to be considered in determining his innocence or guilt.
The instruction in its present form (CALJIC 51) * * * is not violative of Griffin and constitutes an accurate affirmation of the accused’s constitutional right against self-incrimination.
We hold that it is not necessary for the trial court to give the instruction sua sponte but, if given by the court of its own volition, or at the request of the prosecution or the defendant, with or without objection, the instruction is proper.”
We are inclined to agree that it is the better practice for a trial judge to honor the request of an accused to refrain from advising the jury that no inference of guilt should be drawn from his failure to take the stand. It may well be that [202]*202defense counsel, as a matter of trial tactics, would on occasion prefer that such instruction not be given on the theory that regardless of the fact that the instruction might be couched in terms favorable to the accused, it would serve to highlight, emphasize or single out the accused’s failure to testify.
On the other hand, we are not prepared to hold, in the absence of showing actual prejudice, that the giving of such an instruction, in correct terms, is violative of the accused’s Fifth and Fourteenth Amendment rights, compelling a reversal of the accused’s otherwise proper conviction. The rule in Griffin v. California, supra, directs only that the trial judge refrain from instructing the jury that an accused’s failure to take the stand may be the basis for an inference of the accused’s guilt.
The accused is, of course, entitled to such an instruction if it is requested by him. We are not persuaded, however, that the giving of such an instruction by the trial judge sua sponte, or at the request of the prosecutor, even over the objection of the accused, constitutes reversible error in the absence of a showing that the accused suffered actual prejudice as the result of such instruction. Whether to give the instruction lies in the sound discretion of the trial judge and, unless an accused can show a clear abuse of that discretion, the action of the trial judge in giving such an instruction will not be disturbed if it is phrased in terms proper and fair to the accused.
In the case at bar, the appellant makes no contention that the instruction itself was improperly phrased and since there has been no showing that the appellant suffered actual prejudice as the result of the instruction, we cannot find that there was an abuse of the trial judge’s discretion in giving the instruction, notwithstanding appellant’s objection thereto.
Finally, we find no merit in the contention that the comments of the trial judge at sentencing were “so prejudicial as to negate the possibility of appellant receiving a fair sentence * * The comment specifically complained of is as follows: “The defendant’s conduct in this case makes [203]*203it clear that he is a dangerous person to society, and his aggressive behavior, his violent criminal action resulted in the death of two people.”
We cannot agree that this comment demonstrates on the part of the sentencing judge ill will, passion, prejudice or unworthy motive as contended by appellant. See Bryson v. State, 7 Md. App. 353.
Judgments affirmed.