2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 JOHN WILLIAMS, Case No. 1:19-cv-00330-NONE-JLT (PC)
12 Plaintiff, ORDER DENYING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE AMENDED 13 v. COMPLAINT (Doc. 87); GRANTING DEFENDANTS’ EX PARTE APPLICATION 14 THOMPSON, et al., FOR EXTENSION OF TIME TO FILE EXHAUSTION MOTION (Doc. 93); 15 Defendants. DENYING AS MOOT PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR CLARIFICATION 16 REGARDING ORDER FOR ISSUEANCE OF A SUBPOENA (Doc. 94) 17 18 Plaintiff has filed a motion to amend the complaint to add two defendants, and he has 19 lodged the proposed amended complaint. (Docs. 87, 88.) Plaintiff seeks to add claims against 20 Kathleen Allison as Secretary of the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation and 21 Martin Gamboa, Chief Deputy Warden and Associate Warden at Corcoran State Prison (“CSP”). 22 (Doc. 88.) Defendant filed a response in opposition, and Plaintiff filed a reply. (Docs. 92, 96.) 23 Under Rule 15 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, the plaintiff may amend its 24 pleading with the court’s leave. Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a)(2). The Rule provides that “[t]he court 25 should freely give leave when justice so requires.” Id. The United States Supreme Court has 26 stated that “this mandate is to be heeded.” Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1130 (9th Cir. 2000) 27 (quoting Foman v. Davis, 371 U.S. 178, 182 (1962)). The intent of the rule is to “facilitate 28 decision on the merits, rather than on the pleadings or technicalities.” Chudacoff v. Univ. Med. 1 Center of S. Nev., 649 F.3d 1143, 1152 (9th Cir. 2011). Consequently, the “policy of favoring 2 amendments to pleadings should be applied with ‘extreme liberality.’” United States v. Webb, 655 3 F.2d 977, 979 (9th Cir. 1981). 4 The district court may exercise its discretion to deny amendment for reasons “such as 5 undue delay, bad faith or dilatory motive on the part of the movant, repeated failure to cure 6 deficiencies by amendments previously allowed, undue prejudice to the opposing party by virtue 7 of allowance of the amendment, futility of amendment.” Foman v. Davis, 371 U.S. 178, 182 8 (1962); accord Carvalho v. Equifax Info. Servs., LLC, 629 F.3d 876, 892 (9th Cir. 2010); 9 AmerisourceBergen Corp. v. Dialysis West, Inc., 465 F.3d 946, 951 (9th Cir. 2006). These factors 10 are not of equal weight as prejudice to the opposing party has long been held to be the most 11 critical factor in determining whether to grant leave to amend. Eminence Cap., LLC v. Aspeon, 12 Inc., 316 F.3d 1048, 1052 (9th Cir. 2003); Jackson v. Bank of Hawaii, 902 F.2d 1385, 1387 (9th 13 Cir. 1990). “Undue delay by itself . . . is insufficient to justify denying a motion to amend.” 14 Owens v. Kaiser Found. Health Plan, Inc., 244 F.3d 708, 712, 713 (9th Cir. 2001) (quoting 15 Bowles v. Reade, 198 F.3d 752, 757-58 (9th Cir. 1999)). Futility alone is sufficient to justify the 16 denial of a motion to amend. Smith v. Parriot, No. 1:19-cv-00286-NONE-GSA-PC, 2021 WL 17 3616732, at *2 (E.D. Cal. Aug. 16, 2021). 18 On January 9, 2020, the Court entered a screening order finding that Plaintiff’s complaint 19 stated the following claims: Plaintiff’s complaint states the following claims: (1) a First 20 Amendment retaliation claim against Thompson, Houston, Shoemaker, Castalas, and Hawthorne; 21 (2) an Eighth Amendment deliberate indifference claim against Thompson, Houston, Shoemaker; 22 (3) an Eighth Amendment medical indifference claim against Robinson, Castalas, and Perez; and 23 (4) an Eighth Amendment excessive force claim against Scalley, Castalas, and Perez. (Doc. 13 at 24 15.) The Court found that the remaining claims were not cognizable as pleaded. (Id.) The Court 25 granted Plaintiff an opportunity to file an amended complaint. (Id.) Plaintiff instead elected to 26 proceed only on those claims found cognizable and voluntarily dismissed two of the defendants. 27 (Doc. 14.) 28 Since then, Plaintiff has engaged in active motion practice and has had ample opportunity 1 to seek the amendment without undue delay. Allowing Plaintiff to add claims against Allison and 2 Gamboa would require significant, additional discovery, which would cause prejudice to the 3 Defendants. These factors weigh heavily against allowing the amendments. 4 The Court also finds that the proposed amendments are futile, and the motion to amend 5 should be denied on this basis as well. In the proposed amended complaint, Martin Gamboa, the 6 Chief Deputy Warden and Associate Warden at CSP, is named as a defendant being sued in his 7 individual and official capacity. However, the amended complaint contains no other reference to 8 or charging allegations against Gamboa. Because the amended complaint does not state a claim 9 against Gamboa, amending the complaint to add him as a defendant would be futile. 10 Plaintiff also seeks to add as a defendant Kathleen Allison, the Secretary of CDCR, for 11 unconstitutional “statewide policies and practices.” (Doc. 88 at 6, 8, 9, 14.) Plaintiff alleges as 12 follows: 13 Defendant Allison explicitly ratified statewide policies and practices which (a) prohibited CDCR [Mental Health Services Delivery System “MJSDS”] 14 employees from providing treatment for exhibitionism; (b) refusing to 15 acknowledge exhibitionism as a clinical diagnosis requiring treatment or authorize MHSDS subordinates to facilitate referrals for treatments; and (c) 16 impose underground regulations that instruct and allowed subordinates to 17 respond to and treat clinical symptoms of exhibitionism with mistreatment, punishment, discipline, segregation, and open advertisement to the prison 18 population as [a] pervert or sex offender to ensure imminent danger 19 conditions. 20 (Id. at 6.) Plaintiff also alleges that CDCR and Allison arranged for condemned housing units at 21 CSP to be opened for the Corcoran Indecent Exposure (“IEX”) pilot program, contradicting (a) 22 and (b). 23 Plaintiff complains that he was being treated by the MHSDS at a mental health crisis bed 24 and an Enhanced Out Patient (“EOP”) level of care, when he was rehoused in the IEX program. 25 (Id. at 5, 8.) According to Plaintiff, he was disciplined and punished by being placed in the IEX 26 program, rather than receiving treatment for his exhibitionism. (Id. at 9.) His allegations of 27 mistreatment, however, are directed at Defendant Thompson and the other named defendants. 28 (Doc. 88 at 7.) He cannot sue Secretary Allison under the theory of respondeat superior liability 1 for the defendants’ acts. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 676–77; Taylor v. List, 880 F.2d 1040, 1045 (9th Cir. 2 1989). Plaintiff has failed to make allegations indicating Allison caused the damages he claims.
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2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 JOHN WILLIAMS, Case No. 1:19-cv-00330-NONE-JLT (PC)
12 Plaintiff, ORDER DENYING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE AMENDED 13 v. COMPLAINT (Doc. 87); GRANTING DEFENDANTS’ EX PARTE APPLICATION 14 THOMPSON, et al., FOR EXTENSION OF TIME TO FILE EXHAUSTION MOTION (Doc. 93); 15 Defendants. DENYING AS MOOT PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR CLARIFICATION 16 REGARDING ORDER FOR ISSUEANCE OF A SUBPOENA (Doc. 94) 17 18 Plaintiff has filed a motion to amend the complaint to add two defendants, and he has 19 lodged the proposed amended complaint. (Docs. 87, 88.) Plaintiff seeks to add claims against 20 Kathleen Allison as Secretary of the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation and 21 Martin Gamboa, Chief Deputy Warden and Associate Warden at Corcoran State Prison (“CSP”). 22 (Doc. 88.) Defendant filed a response in opposition, and Plaintiff filed a reply. (Docs. 92, 96.) 23 Under Rule 15 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, the plaintiff may amend its 24 pleading with the court’s leave. Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a)(2). The Rule provides that “[t]he court 25 should freely give leave when justice so requires.” Id. The United States Supreme Court has 26 stated that “this mandate is to be heeded.” Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1130 (9th Cir. 2000) 27 (quoting Foman v. Davis, 371 U.S. 178, 182 (1962)). The intent of the rule is to “facilitate 28 decision on the merits, rather than on the pleadings or technicalities.” Chudacoff v. Univ. Med. 1 Center of S. Nev., 649 F.3d 1143, 1152 (9th Cir. 2011). Consequently, the “policy of favoring 2 amendments to pleadings should be applied with ‘extreme liberality.’” United States v. Webb, 655 3 F.2d 977, 979 (9th Cir. 1981). 4 The district court may exercise its discretion to deny amendment for reasons “such as 5 undue delay, bad faith or dilatory motive on the part of the movant, repeated failure to cure 6 deficiencies by amendments previously allowed, undue prejudice to the opposing party by virtue 7 of allowance of the amendment, futility of amendment.” Foman v. Davis, 371 U.S. 178, 182 8 (1962); accord Carvalho v. Equifax Info. Servs., LLC, 629 F.3d 876, 892 (9th Cir. 2010); 9 AmerisourceBergen Corp. v. Dialysis West, Inc., 465 F.3d 946, 951 (9th Cir. 2006). These factors 10 are not of equal weight as prejudice to the opposing party has long been held to be the most 11 critical factor in determining whether to grant leave to amend. Eminence Cap., LLC v. Aspeon, 12 Inc., 316 F.3d 1048, 1052 (9th Cir. 2003); Jackson v. Bank of Hawaii, 902 F.2d 1385, 1387 (9th 13 Cir. 1990). “Undue delay by itself . . . is insufficient to justify denying a motion to amend.” 14 Owens v. Kaiser Found. Health Plan, Inc., 244 F.3d 708, 712, 713 (9th Cir. 2001) (quoting 15 Bowles v. Reade, 198 F.3d 752, 757-58 (9th Cir. 1999)). Futility alone is sufficient to justify the 16 denial of a motion to amend. Smith v. Parriot, No. 1:19-cv-00286-NONE-GSA-PC, 2021 WL 17 3616732, at *2 (E.D. Cal. Aug. 16, 2021). 18 On January 9, 2020, the Court entered a screening order finding that Plaintiff’s complaint 19 stated the following claims: Plaintiff’s complaint states the following claims: (1) a First 20 Amendment retaliation claim against Thompson, Houston, Shoemaker, Castalas, and Hawthorne; 21 (2) an Eighth Amendment deliberate indifference claim against Thompson, Houston, Shoemaker; 22 (3) an Eighth Amendment medical indifference claim against Robinson, Castalas, and Perez; and 23 (4) an Eighth Amendment excessive force claim against Scalley, Castalas, and Perez. (Doc. 13 at 24 15.) The Court found that the remaining claims were not cognizable as pleaded. (Id.) The Court 25 granted Plaintiff an opportunity to file an amended complaint. (Id.) Plaintiff instead elected to 26 proceed only on those claims found cognizable and voluntarily dismissed two of the defendants. 27 (Doc. 14.) 28 Since then, Plaintiff has engaged in active motion practice and has had ample opportunity 1 to seek the amendment without undue delay. Allowing Plaintiff to add claims against Allison and 2 Gamboa would require significant, additional discovery, which would cause prejudice to the 3 Defendants. These factors weigh heavily against allowing the amendments. 4 The Court also finds that the proposed amendments are futile, and the motion to amend 5 should be denied on this basis as well. In the proposed amended complaint, Martin Gamboa, the 6 Chief Deputy Warden and Associate Warden at CSP, is named as a defendant being sued in his 7 individual and official capacity. However, the amended complaint contains no other reference to 8 or charging allegations against Gamboa. Because the amended complaint does not state a claim 9 against Gamboa, amending the complaint to add him as a defendant would be futile. 10 Plaintiff also seeks to add as a defendant Kathleen Allison, the Secretary of CDCR, for 11 unconstitutional “statewide policies and practices.” (Doc. 88 at 6, 8, 9, 14.) Plaintiff alleges as 12 follows: 13 Defendant Allison explicitly ratified statewide policies and practices which (a) prohibited CDCR [Mental Health Services Delivery System “MJSDS”] 14 employees from providing treatment for exhibitionism; (b) refusing to 15 acknowledge exhibitionism as a clinical diagnosis requiring treatment or authorize MHSDS subordinates to facilitate referrals for treatments; and (c) 16 impose underground regulations that instruct and allowed subordinates to 17 respond to and treat clinical symptoms of exhibitionism with mistreatment, punishment, discipline, segregation, and open advertisement to the prison 18 population as [a] pervert or sex offender to ensure imminent danger 19 conditions. 20 (Id. at 6.) Plaintiff also alleges that CDCR and Allison arranged for condemned housing units at 21 CSP to be opened for the Corcoran Indecent Exposure (“IEX”) pilot program, contradicting (a) 22 and (b). 23 Plaintiff complains that he was being treated by the MHSDS at a mental health crisis bed 24 and an Enhanced Out Patient (“EOP”) level of care, when he was rehoused in the IEX program. 25 (Id. at 5, 8.) According to Plaintiff, he was disciplined and punished by being placed in the IEX 26 program, rather than receiving treatment for his exhibitionism. (Id. at 9.) His allegations of 27 mistreatment, however, are directed at Defendant Thompson and the other named defendants. 28 (Doc. 88 at 7.) He cannot sue Secretary Allison under the theory of respondeat superior liability 1 for the defendants’ acts. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 676–77; Taylor v. List, 880 F.2d 1040, 1045 (9th Cir. 2 1989). Plaintiff has failed to make allegations indicating Allison caused the damages he claims. 3 Therefore’ he has failed to state a cognizable claim of supervisory liability based on a 4 constitutionally deficient policy.1 See Williams v. Allison, No. 1:19-cv-00371-BAM (PC), 2021 5 WL 3502359, at *7 (E.D. Cal. July 21, 2021), clarified on denial of reconsideration, No. 1:19-cv- 6 00371-BAM (PC), 2021 WL 3488283 (E.D. Cal. Aug. 9, 2021). Plaintiff has repeatedly referred 7 to Defendant Allison and “statewide policies and practices,” but this repetition does not establish 8 a basis for liability against Allison for her role in establishing or implementing the IEX program 9 at CSP. Therefore, Plaintiff’s motion to amend the complaint is DENIED. 10 Plaintiff has also filed a motion for clarification, (Doc. 94), regarding the Court’s order 11 granting Plaintiff’s request for issuance of the subpoena. (Doc. 91). The subpoena was issued on 12 August 18, 2021 and served on September 9, 2021. Accordingly, Plaintiff’s motion for 13 clarification is DENIED as moot. 14 Also pending before the court is Defendants’ ex parte motion for an extension of time 15 through September 17, 2021, to file a motion for summary judgment based on Plaintiff’s failure to 16 exhaust administrative remedies. Prisoners are required to exhaust available administrative 17 remedies prior to filing suit. Jones v. Bock, 549 U.S. 199, 211 (2007); McKinney v. Carey, 311 18 F.3d 1198, 1199–1201 (9th Cir. 2002). Exhaustion is required regardless of the relief sought by 19 the prisoner and regardless of the relief offered by the process. Booth v. Churner, 532 U.S. 731, 20 741 (2001). Defendants have already filed their motion for summary judgment, and Plaintiff has 21 already filed a response in opposition. (Docs. 97, 99.) For good cause shown, the Court GRANTS 22 Defendants’ motion for an extension of time nunc pro tunc. (Doc. 93.) 23 /// 24
25 1 Defendants argue that individual claims against Allison and Gamboa are barred by Coleman v. Schwarzenegger, 922 F. Supp. 2d 882 (E.D. Cal. 2009). However, Coleman concerned the effects 26 of overcrowding on mental health of prisoners and reduction of prisoner population and is inapposite here. But O’Keefe v. Brown, No. 2:11-cv-2659 KJM KJN P, 2013 WL 34702, at*6 27 (E.D. Cal. Jan. 2, 2013) (finding that plaintiff’s individual claims seeking broad, systemic changes to the provision of mental health care in prison is covered and precluded by the Coleman 28 class action). 1 Accordingly, the Court ORDERS: 2 1. Plaintiff’s motion to amend the complaint, (Doc. 87), is DENIED. 3 2. Plaintiff’s motion for clarification regarding the subpoena, (Doc. 94), is DENIED as 4 moot; and 5 3. Defendants’ motion for an extension of time, (Doc. 93.), is GRANTED nunc pro tunc. 6 IT IS SO ORDERED. 7
8 Dated: September 29, 2021 _ /s/ Jennifer L. Thurston CHIEF UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 9
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