(PC) Spence v. Kaur

• Court: District Court, E.D. California
• Decided: August 15, 2019
• Docket: 2:16-cv-01828
• Status: Unknown

Opinion

8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

11 GERALD SPENCE, No. 2:16-cv-1828 TLN KJN P 12 Plaintiff, 13 v. ORDER 14 G. KAUR, 15 Defendant. 16

17 Plaintiff is a state prisoner, proceeding pro se. This action proceeds on plaintiff’s

18 retaliation claim against defendant Kaur. Plaintiff’s first motion to compel discovery and for

19 sanctions,1 and defendant’s motion to compel discovery are before the court. As discussed below,

20 the undersigned partially grants the discovery motions, and denies plaintiff’s motion for sanctions

21 and request for judicial notice.

22 I. Plaintiff’s Allegations

23 In his second amended complaint, plaintiff alleges that in 2016, while he was housed at

24 California State Prison-Solano, defendant Kaur, Sr. Librarian, retaliated against plaintiff for filing

25 a form 22 against Kaur, by issuing a 128-B and then a CDCR-115 (“RVR”) on the same false

26 charges. (ECF No. 23.) Although the RVR was subsequently reversed, plaintiff lost 30 days

28 1 Plaintiff’s second motion to compel discovery will be addressed by separate order. 1 1 yard, resulting in the loss of law library access. Plaintiff seeks unspecified injunctive relief and

2 monetary damages.

3 II. Elements of a Retaliation Claim

4 “Within the prison context, a viable claim of First Amendment retaliation entails five

5 basic elements: (1) An assertion that a state actor took some adverse action against an inmate (2)

6 because of (3) that prisoner’s protected conduct, and that such action (4) chilled the inmate’s

7 exercise of his First Amendment rights, and (5) the action did not reasonably advance a legitimate

8 correctional goal.” Rhodes v. Robinson, 408 F.3d 559, 567-68 (9th Cir. 2005).

9 III. Discovery Motions

10 A. Governing Legal Standards

11 Under Rule 37 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, “a party seeking discovery may

12 move for an order compelling an answer, designation, production, or inspection.” Fed. R. Civ. P.

13 37(a)(3)(B). Such “motion may be made if: (i) a deponent fails to answer a question asked under

14 Rule 30 or 31; (ii) a corporation or other entity fails to make a designation under Rule 30(b)(6) or

15 31(a)(4); (iii) a party fails to answer an interrogatory submitted under Rule 33; or (iv) a party fails

16 to produce documents or fails to respond that inspection will be permitted -- or fails to permit

17 inspection -- as requested under Rule 34.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 37(a)(3)(B). An “evasive or

18 incomplete disclosure, answer, or response must be treated as a failure to disclose, answer, or

19 respond.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 37(a)(4). “District courts have ‘broad discretion to manage discovery

20 and to control the course of litigation under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 16.’” Hunt v. Cnty. 21 of Orange, 672 F.3d 606, 616 (9th Cir. 2012) (quoting Avila v. Willits Envtl. Remediation Trust,

22 633 F.3d 828, 833 (9th Cir. 2011)). Similarly, district courts have broad discretion to determine

23 relevance for discovery purposes, see Hallett v. Morgan, 296 F.3d 732, 751 (9th Cir. 2002), and

24 to limit discovery where the discovery sought is “unreasonably cumulative or duplicative, or can

25 be obtained from some other source that is more convenient, less burdensome, or less expensive.”

26 Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(b)(2)(C)(i). Limits should be imposed where the burden or expense outweighs 27 the likely benefits. Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(b)(2) (C)(iii). Indeed, “[t]he 2015 amendments to Rule

28 26(b)(1) emphasize the need to impose ‘reasonable limits on discovery through increased reliance 2 1 on the common-sense concept of proportionality.’” Roberts v. Clark County Sch. Dist., 312

2 F.R.D. 594, 603 (D. Nev. 2016).

3 The moving party bears the burden of informing the court (1) which discovery requests

4 are the subject of his motion to compel, (2) which of the responses are disputed, (3) why he

5 believes the response is deficient, (4) why defendant’s objections are not justified, and (5) why

6 the information he seeks through discovery is relevant to the prosecution of this action. McCoy

7 v. Ramirez, 2016 WL 3196738 at *1 (E.D. Cal. 2016); Ellis v. Cambra, 2008 WL 860523, at *4

8 (E.D. Cal. 2008) (“Plaintiff must inform the court which discovery requests are the subject of his

9 motion to compel, and, for each disputed response, inform the court why the information sought

10 is relevant and why defendant’s objections are not justified.”).

11 The purpose of discovery is to “remove surprise from trial preparation so the parties can

12 obtain evidence necessary to evaluate and resolve their dispute.” U.S. ex rel. O’Connell v.

13 Chapman University, 245 F.R.D. 646, 648 (C.D. Cal. 2007) (quotation and citation omitted).

14 Rule 26(b)(1) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure offers guidance on the scope of discovery

15 permitted:

16 Parties may obtain discovery regarding any nonprivileged matter that is relevant to any party’s claim or defense and proportional to the 17 needs of the case, considering the importance of the issues at stake in the action, the amount in controversy, the parties’ relative access 18 to relevant information, the parties’ resources, the importance of the discovery in resolving the issues, and whether the burden or expense 19 of the proposed discovery outweighs its likely benefit. Information within this scope of discovery need not be admissible in evidence to 20 be discoverable. 21 Id. “The party seeking to compel discovery has the burden of establishing that its request satisfies

22 the relevancy requirements of Rule 26(b)(1). Thereafter, the party opposing discovery has the

23 burden of showing that the discovery should be prohibited, and the burden of clarifying,

24 explaining or supporting its objections.” Bryant v. Ochoa, 2009 WL 1390794 at *1 (S.D. Cal.

25 May 14, 2009) (internal citation omitted).

26 Interrogatories 27 With respect to interrogatories, a party may propound interrogatories related to any matter

28 that may be inquired into under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(b). Fed. R. Civ. P. 33(a)(2). 3 1 An interrogatory is not objectionable merely because it asks for an opinion or contention that

2 relates to fact or the application of law to fact. Id. A party is obligated to respond to

3 interrogatories to the fullest extent possible under oath. Fed. R. Civ. P. 33(b)(3). Any objections

4 must be stated with specificity. Fed. R. Civ. P. 33(b)(4); Davis v. Fendler, 650 F.2d 1154, 1160

5 (9th Cir. 1981). The responding party shall use common sense and reason. Collins v. Wal-Mart

6 Stores, Inc., 2008 WL 1924935, *8 (D. Kan. Apr. 30, 2008). A responding party is not generally

7 required to conduct extensive research in order to answer an interrogatory, but a reasonable effort

8 to respond must be made. Gorrell v. Sneath, 292 F.R.D. 629, 632 (E.D. Cal. 2013); L.H. v.

9 Schwarzenegger, 2007 WL 2781132, *2 (E.D. Cal. Sept. 21, 2007). Further, the responding party

10 has a duty to supplement any responses if the information sought is later obtained or the response

11 provided needs correction. Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(e)(1)(A).

12 Requests for Production of Documents

13 Pursuant to Rule 34(a) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, “any party may serve on

14 any other party a request to produce and permit the party making the request . . . to inspect and

15 copy any designated documents . . . which are in the possession, custody or control of the party

16 upon whom the request is served.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 34(a)(1). The reach of Rule 34 of the Federal

17 Rules of Civil Procedure “extends to all relevant documents, tangible things and entry upon

18 designated land or other property.” Clark v. Vega Wholesale Inc., 181 F.R.D. 470, 472-73 (D.

19 Nev. 1998), citing 8A C. Wright & A. Miller, Federal Practice and Procedure § 2206, at 381.

20 “[A] party need not have actual possession of documents to be deemed in control of 21 them.” Clark, 181 F.R.D. at 472 (quoting Estate of Young v. Holmes, 134 F.R.D. 291, 294

22 (D.Nev. 1991) ). “A party that has a legal right to obtain certain documents is deemed to have

23 control of the documents.” Clark, 181 F.R.D. at 472; Allen v. Woodford, 2007 WL 309945, *2

24 (E.D. Cal. Jan. 30, 2007) (citing In re Bankers Trust Co., 61 F.3d 465, 469 (6th Cir. 1995));

25 accord Evans v. Tilton, 2010 WL 1136216, at *1 (E.D. Cal. Mar. 19, 2010). Under Rule 34(b),

26 the party to whom the request is directed must respond in writing that inspection and related 27 activities will be permitted as requested, or state an objection to the request, including the

28 reasons. Fed. R. Civ. P. 34(b)(2). A reasonable inquiry must be made, and if no responsive 4 1 documents or tangible things exist, Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(g)(1), the responding party should so state

2 with sufficient specificity to allow the court to determine whether the party made a reasonable

3 inquiry and exercised due diligence. Uribe v. McKesson, 2010 WL 892093, at *2-3 (E.D. Cal.

4 Mar. 9, 2010). If responsive documents do exist but the responsive party claims lack of

5 possession, control, or custody, the party must so state with sufficient specificity to allow the

6 court (1) to conclude that the responses were made after a case-specific evaluation and (2) to

7 evaluate the merit of that response. Ochotorena v. Adams, 2010 WL 1035774, at *3-4 (E.D. Cal.

8 Mar. 19, 2010).

9 Boilerplate objections do not suffice. Fed. R. Civ. P. 34(b)(2)(B), (C); Burlington N. &

10 Santa Fe Ry. Co., 408 F.3d 1142, 1149 (9th Cir. 2005). The party seeking production of the

11 documents . . . bears the burden of proving that the opposing party has such control. United

12 States v. Int’l Union of Petroleum and Indus. Workers, AFL-CIO, 870 F.2d 1450, 1452 (9th Cir.

13 1989) (citations omitted).

14 Requests for Admissions

15 With respect to requests for admissions, a party may propound requests for admissions of

16 the “truth of any matters within the scope of Rule 26(b)(1) relating to facts, the application of law

17 to fact, or the opinions about either; and the genuineness of any described documents.” Fed. R.

18 Civ. P. 36(a)(1).

19 B. PLAINTIFF’S FIRST MOTION TO COMPEL

20 On April 8, 2019, plaintiff filed a motion to compel further responses to discovery, and 21 requests sanctions. (ECF No. 63.) Defendant filed an opposition. (ECF No. 70.) Plaintiff did

22 not file a reply.

23 1. PLAINTIFF’S FIRST SET OF INTERROGATORIES

24 Interrogatory, Set One, No. 1: Please state your full name? 25 Response: Objection. This request is not reasonably calculated to lead to the discovery of admissible evidence, as Defendant Kaur’s 26 first name is not relevant to the claims and defenses in this lawsuit. Defendant Kaur’s first name has no bearing on whether she retaliated 27 against Plaintiff as alleged in the operative complaint. Plaintiff is also not entitled to Defendant’s first name under California Code of 28 Regulations, Title 15, sections 3450(d), 3321, and 3005, as the 5 1 disclosure of Defendant’s first name would potentially endanger her safety. Based on these objections, Defendant will not answer this 2 interrogatory.

3 (ECF No. 63 at 55-56.)

4 Plaintiff objects that defendant failed to include her assertion of privilege in the privilege

5 log. Defendant counters that plaintiff did not address defendant’s objections, and therefore fails

6 to meet his burden to show why the objections were not justified. Defendant contends that

7 plaintiff failed to explain how defendant’s full name is relevant to the instant claims and defenses,

8 or to address the privacy, safety, and security concerns raised by defendant. Plaintiff did not file

9 a reply.

10 Plaintiff has not demonstrated why defendant’s full name is relevant to plaintiff’s

11 retaliation claim. Defendant has been served and appeared in this action, and her identity is not at

12 issue. Her refusal to respond to this interrogatory was not based on privilege, but rather based on

13 relevance and her safety. Plaintiff has failed to demonstrate such objections are not justified. No

14 further response is required.

15 Interrogatory, Set One, No. 2: Are you a United States citizen?

16 Response: Objection. This request is not reasonably calculated to lead to the discovery of admissible evidence, as Defendant Kaur’s 17 citizenship status is not relevant to the claims and defenses in this lawsuit. Defendant Kaur’s citizenship status has no bearing on 18 whether she retaliated against Plaintiff as alleged in the operative complaint. Plaintiff is also not entitled to Defendant’s citizenship 19 status information under California Code of Regulations, Title 15, sections 3450(d) and 3321, as the disclosure of Defendant’s 20 citizenship status would potentially endanger her safety. Based on these objections, Defendant will not answer this interrogatory. 21

22 (ECF No. 63 at 56.)

23 Plaintiff objects that no privilege is claimed, and that defendant has referred to herself as

24 both Indian and an immigrant. (ECF No. 63 at 9.) Defendant argues that plaintiff did not address

25 defendant’s objections, and therefore fails to meet his burden to show why the objections were

26 not justified. Defendant contends that plaintiff failed to explain how defendant’s citizenship

27 status is relevant to the claims and defenses in this action, or to address the privacy, safety, and

28 security concerns raised by defendant. Plaintiff did not file a reply. 6 1 Plaintiff has not demonstrated how defendant’s immigration status is relevant to plaintiff’s

2 retaliation claim. Defendant’s refusal to respond to this interrogatory was not based on privilege,

3 but rather based on relevance and safety. Plaintiff has failed to demonstrate such objections are

4 not justified. No further response is required.

5 Interrogatory, Set One, No. 3: Do you suffer from any clinically diagnosed form of mental illness? 6 Response: Objection. This request is oppressive, harassing, and is 7 not reasonably calculated to lead to the discovery of admissible evidence, as Defendant Kaur’s mental health history is not relevant 8 to the claims and defenses in this lawsuit. Defendant’s mental health history has no bearing on whether she retaliated against Plaintiff as 9 alleged in the operative complaint. Defendant’s mental health history is also privileged and confidential under California Code of 10 Regulations, Title 15, sections 3450(d) and 3321; and under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). 11 Based on these objections, Defendant will not answer this interrogatory. 12 Interrogatory, Set One, No. 4: If the response to Interrogatory No. 3 13 is yes; what is the mental health clinical diagnosis? 14 Response: Objection. This request is oppressive, harassing, and is not reasonably calculated to lead to the discovery of admissible 15 evidence, as Defendant Kaur’s mental health history is not relevant to the claims and defenses in this lawsuit. Defendant’s mental health 16 history has no bearing on whether she retaliated against Plaintiff as alleged in the operative complaint. Defendant’s mental health history 17 is also privileged and confidential under California Code of Regulations, Title 15, sections 3450(d) and 3321; and under the 18 Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). Based on these objections, Defendant will not answer this 19 interrogatory. 20 (ECF No. 63 at 56.) 21 Plaintiff argues that defendant has placed her mental health at issue by asserting the

22 affirmative defense that her actions were reasonable, and that defendant must be compelled to

23 disclose or be prohibited from asserting her actions were reasonable. (ECF No. 63 at 9, 13.)

24 Plaintiff also objects that defendant refused to admit or deny request numbers 7 and 9 on this

25 same issue despite no protective order, and such refusals were not included in the privilege log.

26 Further, plaintiff argues that defendant must be compelled to answer after denying emotional 27 disturbance in response to numbers 10 and 11, calling 911 emergency transport when the prison

28 has EMT services, and activating her emergency alarm on a coworker, chronically late, or “no 7 1 show.” (ECF No. 63 at 9.) Plaintiff argues that defendant voluntarily provided this information

2 to her employer, EMT, 911 and her insurer, thus waiving any privilege not addressed. (Id.)

3 Defendant counters that plaintiff failed to address the objections asserted, thus failing to

4 meet his burden why the objections are not justified. (ECF No. 70 at 21.) Defendant argues that

5 her affirmative defense of reasonableness is an objective, not subjective, legal question.

6 Defendant contends that plaintiff has not provided a valid explanation why defendant’s mental

7 health is relevant to the claims and defenses at issue here, and failed to address the privacy,

8 safety, and security concerns raised by defendant. Finally, defendant argues that the sharing of

9 medical or mental health treatment with other third parties does not waive defendant’s

10 confidentiality protections for such information.

11 Defendant’s objections to interrogatories 3 and 4 are sustained. As argued by defendant,

12 the reasonableness of defendant’s actions in the context of her affirmative defenses will turn on

13 an objective, not subjective, inquiry. Indeed, plaintiff claims that “[t]he principal issue in this

14 action is[,] were the defendant’s actions reasonable? objectively.” (ECF No. 63 at 15.) The

15 Supreme Court has explained that to determine whether a defendant is entitled to qualified

16 immunity,2 “a court must ask whether it would have been clear to a reasonable officer that the

17 alleged conduct ‘was unlawful in the situation he [or she] confronted.’” Ziglar v. Abbasi, 137 S.

18 Ct. 1843, 1867 (2017). Plaintiff cites no legal authority supporting his view that defendant put

19 her mental health at issue by asserting her affirmative defenses in the answer. Moreover, plaintiff

20 cites no authority for his position that defendant waived her right of privacy or confidentiality in 21 her medical or mental health records simply by calling 911 or sharing such information with other

22 third parties. Plaintiff has otherwise failed to demonstrate how defendant’s mental health history

23 2 The defense of qualified immunity protects “government officials ... from liability for civil 24 damages insofar as their conduct does not violate clearly established statutory or constitutional rights of which a reasonable person would have known.” Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 800, 818 25 (1982)). When a court is presented with a qualified immunity defense, the central questions are 26 (1) whether the official’s conduct violated a constitutional right; and (2) whether that right was “clearly established” at the time of the alleged misconduct. Pearson v. Callahan, 555 U.S. 223, 27 232 (2009). “Even in the context of clearly established law, ‘[i]f the officer’s mistake as to what the law requires is reasonable . . . the officer is entitled to the immunity defense.’” Galvin v. Hay, 28 374 F.3d 739, 745 (9th Cir. 2004) (citation omitted). 8 1 is relevant to plaintiff’s retaliation claim, or show that plaintiff’s objections were not justified.

2 No further response is required to numbers 3 and 4.

3 Interrogatory, Set One, No. 5: What post of duty assignments have you held since employed with CDCR? (Please list place, length and 4 nature (temporary, on call, etc.) of employment and reason for departure, as on an employment application, the name of your 5 immediate supervisor? 6 Response: Objection. This request is vague, ambiguous, and overbroad as to the scope of time. This request is not reasonably 7 calculated to lead to the discovery of admissible evidence, as it seeks information outside of October 2016-November 2016, when the 8 events at issue allegedly took place, and is therefore not relevant to the claims and defenses in this lawsuit. Defendant Kaur’s 9 employment history is also not relevant to the claims and defenses in this lawsuit, as Defendant’s employment history has no bearing on 10 whether she retaliated against Plaintiff as alleged in the operative complaint. Without waiving this objection, Defendant responds as 11 follows: 12 In August 2013, I worked as a Library Technical Assistant at Salinas Valley State Prison (SVSP). My immediate supervisor at SVSP was 13 Dr. J. Williams. In March 2014, I was promoted to the Librarian position at California Health Care Facility, Stockton (CHCF). My 14 immediate supervisor at CHCF was Dr. M. Cole. In September 2016, I was promoted to the Senior Librarian position at California State 15 Prison, Solano, where I currently work. My current immediate supervisors are P. Ditto; and S. Martinez. Dr. Lyons was one of my 16 immediate supervisors when I began working at California State Prison, Solano, but he was replaced by Dr. D. Adams. Dr. Adams 17 was later replaced by S. Martinez. 18 (ECF No. 63 at 60.)

19 Plaintiff objects that defendant failed to provide her length of employment or the reason

20 for her departure, and she did not include this on her privilege log. (ECF No. 63 at 10.) 21 Defendant counters that plaintiff’s motion fails to address the asserted objections, and thus fails to

22 meet his burden. Moreover, notwithstanding defendant’s objection, defendant’s response

23 explains when she began each position and how she was promoted to the next position; thus,

24 defendant argues plaintiff’s motion to compel further response “is a frivolous waste of the Court’s

25 and Defendant’s time and resources.” (ECF No. 70 at 22.)

26 Defendant’s arguments and objections are well-taken. First, plaintiff fails to demonstrate 27 the relevance of defendant’s work history to the pending retaliation claim, and is also overly-

28 broad because it was not limited in time, particularly where the incidents at issue here took place 9 1 from October to November 2016. Second, plaintiff has not shown how defendant’s response,

2 despite her objections, was insufficient. Defendant’s objections to number 5 are sustained and no

3 further response is required.

4 Interrogatory, Set One, No. 6: How many complaints, (staff complaints or inmate appeals) have been filed against you as a 5 Librarian or Sr. Librarian for CDCR? Including but not limited to CSP-Solano and CDCR’s Medical/Mental Health Facilities in 6 Stockton California. 7 Response: Objection. This request is vague, ambiguous, and overbroad as to the scope of time. This request is not reasonably 8 calculated to lead to the discovery of admissible evidence, as it seeks information outside of October 2016-November 2016, when the 9 events at issue allegedly took place, and is therefore not relevant to the claims and defenses in this lawsuit. This request is also vague as 10 to the term “staff complaint.” Assuming that the term refers to inmate appeals filed through the 602 process defined by title 15 of the 11 California Code of Regulations, sections 3084 et seq., Defendant also objects to this request as overbroad and not likely to lead to the 12 discovery of admissible evidence. Whether other inmates have filed an inmate appeal alleging that Defendant failed to competently fulfill 13 any of her duties as a Librarian or Senior Librarian is not relevant evidence that Defendant may have engaged in retaliatory conduct 14 against Plaintiff. This request is also overly burdensome. Defendant would need to search the prison file of every inmate who was housed 15 at the prison during her tenure as Librarian and Senior Librarian to determine whether she was named in an inmate appeal. Without 16 waiving this objection, Defendant responds as follows: 17 I am aware that Plaintiff filed one inmate appeal alleging that I authored a false CDCR 128B informational chrono. 18 (ECF No. 63 at 59.) 19 In his motion, plaintiff claims: 20 Defendant implies she is aware of one response to this request which 21 is another reason for disclosure of complaints filed by inmates and staff as well [as] an in camera inspection due to defendant’s evasive 22 dishonesty on this and her mental health issue, constructive perjury, by implication. Sanctions are required. 23

24 (ECF No. 63 at 10.) Defendant responds that plaintiff again failed to address defendant’s 25 objections, and therefore fails to meet his burden to show such objections are not justified. 26 Specifically, plaintiff failed to explain how his request is not unduly burdensome, or how such 27 inmate appeals are relevant to the claims and defenses herein. To the extent plaintiff sought such 28 10 1 information to show that defendant “acted in conformity” with her conduct in other cases, such

2 evidence is inadmissible character evidence under Federal Rule of Evidence 404(b). Despite such

3 objections, defendant points out that she confirmed she was aware of plaintiff’s inmate appeal.

4 The undersigned finds defendant’s objections are well-taken. Plaintiff did not limit his

5 request by time or by subject matter, and has failed to demonstrate how any of such other appeals

6 would lead to relevant evidence as to the instant claims or any defenses. Defendant’s objections

7 are sustained, and no further response is required. Because there is no basis to award sanctions,

8 plaintiff’s request for sanctions is denied.

9 Interrogatory, Set One, No. 7: From Nov. 01. 2016 to Jan, 01, 2018 please list your immediate supervisors in the education department 10 at CSP-Solano? 11 Response: Objection. This request is duplicative of Interrogatory No. 5. This request seeks information outside of October 2016- 12 November 2016, when the events at issue allegedly took place, and is therefore not relevant to the claims and defenses in this lawsuit. 13 Defendant Kaur’s employment history is also not relevant to the claims and defenses in this lawsuit, as Defendant’s employment 14 history has no bearing on whether she retaliated against Plaintiff as alleged in the operative complaint. Without waiving this objection, 15 Defendant refers Plaintiff to her response to Interrogatory No. 5. Defendant’s immediate supervisors at California State Prison, 16 Solano, are or were Dr. Lyons; Dr. D. Adams; P. Ditto; and S. Martinez. 17

18 (ECF No. 63 at 59; 58.) 19 In his motion, plaintiff complains that defendant chose the dates the request covered rather 20 than answered for the actual dates requested, November 1, 2016 to January 1, 2018. Plaintiff 21 contends “these dates” “are regarding communications regarding plaintiff’s claims and their 22 actions and defenses.” (ECF No. 63 at 10.) Defendant argues that plaintiff fails to address the 23 asserted objections and therefore fails to meet his burden. Without waiving her objections, 24 defendant confirms she identified her supervisors from August 2013 to the present, and her 25 response “clearly identifies her supervisors throughout her employment with CDCR.” (ECF No. 26 70 at 24.) As such, defendant argues plaintiff’s motion to compel further response is “another 27 frivolous waste of the Court’s and Defendant’s time and resources.” (Id.) 28 11 1 The undersigned agrees with defendant. Despite her objections, defendant provided the

2 information requested. Plaintiff’s motion to compel further response to number 7 is denied.

3 Finally, plaintiff appears to challenge the validity of defendant’s interrogatory responses

4 on the basis that defendant signed her verification on January 25, 2019, several days before her

5 attorney signed the interrogatory responses on January 28, 2019. (ECF No. 63 at 10.) However,

6 plaintiff cites no Federal Rule or other legal authority requiring a verification be signed on the

7 same day the attorney signs the interrogatory responses. Here, defendant declared under penalty

8 of perjury that she read and reviewed the responses to plaintiff’s first set of interrogatories, and

9 that the responses are true and correct. (ECF No. 63 at 71.) Such verification is sufficient.

10 2. PLAINTIFF’S REQUEST FOR PRODUCTION OF DOCUMENTS

11 a. PLAINTIFF’S REQUEST FOR PRODUCTION (“RPD”), SET ONE

12 RPD, Set One, No. 1: Plaintiff request the complete unredacted personnel file of the Defendant, including letters of instruction, 13 correction and any disciplinary action and all incident reports noting or alleging any form of misconduct, from hire to present. 14 Response: Objection: This request is not relevant to the claims and 15 defenses in this lawsuit. Defendant’s employment records have no bearing on whether she retaliated against Plaintiff as alleged in the 16 operative complaint. The request is overbroad as to the scope of time, as it seeks documents outside of October 2016-November 2016, 17 when the events at issue allegedly took place. Defendant’s personnel files are protected by the official information privilege. Sanchez v. 18 City of Santa Ana, 936 F.2d 1027, 1033-34 (9th Cir. 1991). Personnel files are protected by the privacy rights of staff, including federal 19 common law and applicable California statutes including Government Code § 6254; the California Information Practices Act 20 (Cal. Civ. Code §§ 1798 et seq.); and under California Code of Regulations, Title 15, § 3400. Personnel files are also deemed 21 confidential and should be disclosed to inmates under California Code of Regulations, Title 15, §§ 3450(d), and 3321; the disclosure 22 of which could (1) endanger the safety of staff, or (2) jeopardize the security of the institution. Based on these objections, Defendant will 23 not produce any documents in response to this request. A privilege log and accompanying declaration from the litigation coordinator at 24 California State Prison, Solano, are attached. 25 (ECF No. 63 at 63.)

26 Plaintiff claims he “is willing to accept the documents with redaction, as counsel has done 27 every other unredacted request, leaving only person, circumstances, and date.” (ECF No. 63 at

28 5.) However, plaintiff cannot amend his discovery request within his subsequent motion to 12 1 compel. In addressing a different request, plaintiff claimed he wanted the court to conduct an in

2 camera review to search for “instances of illegal, dishonest or unreasonable behavior

3 demonstrating an inability to perform her duties as required and/or allegations of retaliation or

4 abuse of power towards inmates or staff.” (ECF No. 63 at 8 (addressing Set Two, No. 6).) To the

5 extent plaintiff seeks defendant’s personnel file or employment records for such purposes, in

6 other words, to show that defendant “acted in conformity” with her conduct in other cases, such

7 evidence is inadmissible character evidence under Federal Rule of Evidence 404(b).

8 Plaintiff fails to address defendant’s objections, which are well-taken. Plaintiff’s request

9 is overbroad both as to subject matter and time, and, critically, plaintiff fails to demonstrate how

10 defendant’s personnel or employment records are relevant to plaintiff’s retaliation claim that is

11 based on events from October to November 2016. No further production is required.

12 RPD, Set One, No. 2: Plaintiff request all memos, incident reports, Rule Violation Reports, Counseling Chronos (128-A, B, or C), 13 generated by G. Kaur while employed as Senior Librarian for California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation that alleges 14 misconduct against an inmate. 15 Response: Objection. This request is not relevant to the claims and defenses in this lawsuit. This request is also unduly burdensome and 16 overbroad. As written, the request encompasses all documents that Defendant has ever prepared that alleges an inmate engaged in 17 misconduct. Such documents have no bearing on whether Defendant Kaur retaliated against Plaintiff as alleged in the complaint. The 18 request is overbroad as to the scope of time, as it potentially encompasses documents outside of October 2016-November 2016, 19 when the events at issue allegedly took place. The request seeks documents which are protected by the official information privilege. 20 The request also encompasses the personal information of third parties who are not involved in this lawsuit, including nonparty 21 inmates; such information is privileged and confidential under California Code of Regulations, Title 15, §§ 3450(d), 3321, and 22 3370; and the California Information Practices Act (Cal. Civ. Code §§ 1798 et seq.). Without waiving these objections, Defendant 23 produces relevant documents which are responsive to this request (Bates Nos. DEF000001 to DEF000006). 24

25 (ECF No. 63 at 63-64.)

26 Plaintiff argues that this response was not covered in the privilege log and therefore must 27 be disclosed. (ECF No. 63 at 6.) However, plaintiff fails to address defendant’s relevance and

28 overbreadth objections. Although plaintiff limited the beginning of the request to defendant’s 13 1 employment as senior librarian (apparently September 2016, see response to interrogatory no. 5

2 (set one)), it is unclear when such employment ended, if it did. Plaintiff makes no effort to

3 demonstrate the relevance of such documents dated before October 2016 or after November 2016.

4 Moreover, plaintiff seeks multiple types of documents, memos, incident reports, Rule Violation

5 Reports, and Counseling Chronos, and coupled with the broad subject matter of allegations of

6 “inmate misconduct,” is burdensome absent a specific showing of relevance to plaintiff’s

7 retaliation claim. Plaintiff was provided copies of the chrono and rules violation report at issue

8 herein. Defendant’s objections are sustained and no further production is required.

9 RPD, Set One, No. 4: Plaintiff request the work schedule of Defendant Kaur in A yard law library from September 2016 to 10 November 2017 with the corresponding law library schedule for A yard, this includes B yard also. 11 Response: Objection. This request is not relevant to the claims and 12 defenses in this lawsuit. Whether Defendant was working on days other than October 25, 2016 and November 1, 2016, when the events 13 at issue allegedly took place, has no bearing on whether Defendant Kaur retaliated against Plaintiff as alleged in the complaint. The 14 request is overbroad as to the scope of time, as it encompasses documents outside of October 2016-November 2016, when the 15 events at issue allegedly took place. Without waiving these objections, Defendant produces documents responsive to this request 16 (Bates Nos. DEF000507 to DEF000508). 17 (ECF No. 63 at 51.)

18 Plaintiff argues that this response was not covered in the privilege log and therefore must

19 be disclosed. (ECF No. 63 at 6.) He also claims that documents Bates Nos. DEF000507 and

20 DEF000508 are blank. (Id., citing ECF No. 63 at 39, 40.) 21 Plaintiff fails to address the specific objections set forth by defendant, and thus fails to

22 demonstrate how defendant’s work schedule before October 2016 and after November 2016 are

23 relevant to plaintiff’s retaliation claim. Defendant provided her attendance records for October

24 and November 2016; although plaintiff claims they are blank, such forms are not blank. (ECF

25 No. 63 at 39, 40.) Rather, the forms appear to bear the initials of her supervisor, as well as

26 //// 27 ////

28 //// 14 1 signatures of defendant and her supervisor, and reflect defendant was on sick leave on November

2 21 and 29, 2016. (Id.) No further response is required.3

3 RPD, Set One, No. 5: Plaintiff request the full work schedules of the LTAs that also cover the A/B yard law library from September 2016 4 to November 2017. 5 Response: Objection. This request is vague and ambiguous as to the term “LTAs.” Assuming Plaintiff refers to Library Technical 6 Assistants, this request is not reasonably calculated to lead to the discovery of admissible evidence, as it seeks documents which are 7 not relevant to the claims and defenses in this lawsuit. Whether any LTAs were working on days other than October 25, 2016, and 8 November 1, 2016, when the events at issue allegedly took place, has no bearing on whether Defendant Kaur retaliated against Plaintiff as 9 alleged in the complaint. The request is overbroad as to the scope of time, as it encompasses documents outside of October 2016- 10 November 2016, when the events at issue allegedly took place. Without waiving these objections, Defendant produces documents 11 responsive to this request (Bates Nos DEF000509 to DEF000511). 12 (ECF No. 63 at 51-52.)

13 Plaintiff argues that this response was not covered in the privilege log and therefore must

14 be disclosed for the time periods requested, and notes that no schedules were disclosed. (ECF

15 No. 63 at 6.) Defendant counters that plaintiff failed to address defendant’s objections and

16 therefore fails to meet his burden. Notwithstanding the objections, defendant states she provided

17 plaintiff with copies of the October and November 2016 work schedules for LTA Skrenek and the

18 November 2016 work schedule for LTA Pigniolo. (ECF No. 70 at 10.)

19 Plaintiff fails to demonstrate how the LTA work schedules are relevant to plaintiff’s

20 retaliation claim against defendant. Moreover, despite her objections, defendant asserts she 21 provided the relevant work schedules for LTA Skrenek and Pigniolo, citing Bates Nos.

22 DEF000509 to DEF000511. Plaintiff fails to explain how the production was lacking; although

23 he claims no schedules were disclosed, he did not provide a copy of Bates Nos. DEF000509 to

24 DEF000511, so the court cannot determine whether the production is deficient in some way.4

25 3 Neither party addressed plaintiff’s request for the law library schedule for Yards A and B, but 26 there is no demonstration of the relevance of such schedules to plaintiff’s retaliation claim against defendant. 27 4 Plaintiff did provide copies of some of the documents produced. For example, he provided 28 pages reflecting PLU status, some of which bear LTA Pigniolo’s name. (ECF No. 63 at 31, 32.) 15 1 Thus, the court finds plaintiff failed to meet his burden.

2 RPD, Set One, No. 7: Plaintiff requests a copy of Defendant G. Kaur’s employee mental health evaluations for the past Five years 3 with her diagnosis, UNREDACTED. 4 Response: Objection. This request is not relevant to the claims and defenses in this lawsuit. Defendant’s mental health history has no 5 bearing on whether she retaliated against Plaintiff as alleged in the operative complaint. This request is overbroad as to the scope of 6 time, as it seeks documents outside of October 2016-November 2016, when the events at issue allegedly took place. This request also 7 seeks documents which are protected by the official information privilege. This request also seeks documents which are not within 8 Defendant’s possession, custody, or control. Defendant’s medical and mental health history is also privileged and confidential under 9 California Code of Regulations, Title 15, §§ 3450(d) and 3321; and under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act 10 (HIPAA). Based on these objections, Defendant will not produce any documents in response to this request. A privilege log and 11 accompanying declaration from the litigation coordinator at California State Prison, Solano, are attached. 12

13 (ECF No. 63 at 52-53.)

14 Plaintiff appears to challenge the response to number 7 (ECF No. 63 at 5-6), although he

15 did not separately address such request as he did the other requests (ECF No. 63 at 5-8).

16 However, as set forth in ruling on interrogatories three and four (set one), plaintiff fails to

17 demonstrate how defendant’s mental health is relevant to plaintiff’s retaliation claims or

18 defendant’s defenses. Defendant’s objections are sustained and no further production is required.

19 RPD, Set One, No. 8: Plaintiff request the A/B yard sign-in sheets for law library from September 2016 to January 2017. 20 Response: Objection. This request encompasses documents which 21 includes confidential information about third-party inmates. This information is protected under the official information privilege. This 22 information is privileged and confidential under California Code of Regulations, Title 15, §§ 3450(d), 3370, and 3321. Without waiving 23 these objections, Defendant produces documents which are responsive to this request (Bates Nos. DEF000077 to DEF000253). 24 The names and CDCR numbers of non-party inmates have been redacted. A privilege log and accompanying declaration from the 25 litigation coordinator at California State Prison, Solano, are attached. 26 27 But neither of these bear the Bates numbers referred to in response No. 6. (See also ECF No. 63 at 28-40.) 28 16 1 RPD, Set One, No. 8: Plaintiff request the A/B yard sign-in sheets for the law library LLEDS computer terminals from September 2016 2 to January 2017.

3 Response: Objection. This request encompasses documents which includes confidential information about third-party inmates. This 4 information is protected under the official information privilege. This information is privileged and confidential under California Code of 5 Regulations, Title 15, §§ 3450(d), 3370, and 3321. Without waiving these objections, Defendant produces documents which are 6 responsive to this request (Bates Nos. DEF000254 to DEF000309). The names and CDCR numbers of non-party inmates have been 7 redacted. A privilege log and accompanying declaration from the litigation coordinator at California State Prison, Solano, are attached. 8

9 (ECF No. 63 at 53-54.) (Two requests numbered 8.)

10 Plaintiff claims that “Romero attempts to assert an[d] explicitly waived third party

11 privilege concerning library sign-in sheets and LLEDs terminal sign-in.” (ECF No. 63 at 6.)

12 Plaintiff argues that these sheets are open at the library entrance, available for anyone to read or

13 copy, and that these same records were disclosed to plaintiff by the CSP-Solano library and

14 defendant. (ECF No. 63 at 6, citing ECF No. 63 at 27-37; responses to RPD 8, 9.5) Plaintiff

15 argues that Romero’s declaration is fearmongering, vaguely asserting possible dire consequences

16 which could just as easily not occur. (ECF No. 63 at 6.) Specifically as to request number 8,

17 plaintiff claims that defendant’s response does not provide for dates beginning with October 1,

18 2016, to January 1, 2017, which are central to plaintiff’s claims, and are “heavily redacted, but

19 waived.” (ECF No. 63 at 7, citing Ex. D (ECF No. 63 at 41-62)). As to the response to number

20 9, plaintiff states:

21 This request does not have 10/25/16 in the disclosure, from Sept. 01, 2016 to Jan. 01, 2017 and is also heavily redacted. Again the sign- 22 in sheet sits open all day on the librarian’s desk. We sit next to each other and if there was a privilege, defendant[] waived it. The records 23 of attendance are disclosed in response to appeals.

24 (ECF No. 63 at 7.)

25 Defendant reasserts these records are subject to the official information privilege.

26 Defendant argues that the names and CDCR numbers of inmates are considered confidential

27 5 Plaintiff referred to responses to requests numbers 7 and 8, but request number 7 requested 28 mental health records, whereas request numbers 8 and 9 requested sign-in sheets. 17 1 information that should not be disclosed to other inmates, and just because such sign-up sheets

2 can be viewed by inmates who attend the library that day does not waive the state’s need to

3 maintain their confidentiality. Despite their objections, defendant provided a copy of the library

4 sign-in sheets which redacted the names and CDCR numbers of the non-party inmates, and left

5 plaintiff’s entries on the library sign-in sheets unredacted. (ECF No. 70 at 13.)

6 Standards Governing Official Information Privilege

7 The official information privilege is one of federal common law. Sanchez v. City of Santa

8 Ana, 936 F.2d 1027, 1033 (9th Cir. 1990). “To determine whether the information sought is

9 privileged, courts must weigh the potential benefits of disclosure against the potential

10 disadvantages.” Id. at 1033-34. The balancing test “is moderately pre-weighted in favor of

11 disclosure.” Kelly v. San Jose, 114 F.R.D. 653, 661 (N.D. Cal. 1987). The privilege “must be

12 formally asserted and delineated in order to be raised properly,” and the party opposing disclosure

13 must “state with specificity the rationale of the claimed privilege.” Kerr v. United States Dist. Ct.

14 for the Northern Dist. of Cal., 511 F.2d 192, 198 (9th Cir. 1975). Kerr requires that to allow the

15 court to decide whether the official information privilege applies, defendant must provide with

16 the objection a declaration or affidavit containing (1) an affirmation that the agency generated or

17 collected the material in issue and has in fact maintained its confidentiality, (2) a statement that

18 the official has personally reviewed the material in question, (3) a specific identification of the

19 governmental or privacy interests that would be threatened by disclosure of the material to

20 plaintiff and/or his lawyer, (4) a description of how disclosure subject to a carefully crafted 21 protective order would create a substantial risk of harm to significant governmental or privacy

22 interests, and (5) a projection of how much harm would be done to the threatened interests if the

23 disclosure were made. Kelly, 114 F.R.D. at 670.

24 Discussion

25 Here, defendant provided a privilege log, as well as the declaration of M. Romero,

26 Litigation Coordinator at CSP-Solano. (ECF No. 70-1 at 6-11.) M. Romero has been employed 27 by CDCR since 1998, and served as litigation coordinator at CSP-Solano since 2016. Romero

28 attests that he is familiar with the CDCR’s policies and procedures for classifying documents as 18 1 confidential, as well as CSP-Solano’s policies governing classification of certain documents as

2 confidential. (ECF No. 70-1 at 7.) Romero attests that the CDCR considers the names and CDCR

3 numbers of non-party inmates to be confidential. However, Romero does not explain how the

4 confidentiality of these law library sign-in sheets is maintained, particularly where they are open

5 to viewing and copying by inmates who attend law library that day. Thus, defendant fails to

6 satisfy the first Kelly standard because she fails to demonstrate the sign-in sheets’ confidentiality

7 has been maintained.

8 Romero also states that he has reviewed the document requests propounded by plaintiff,

9 but does not declare that he personally reviewed the sign-in sheets in question. (ECF No. 70-1 at

10 7, 10.) This does not meet the second Kelly standard.

11 Further, Romero states that “disclosure may jeopardize the safety and security of the

12 institutions where plaintiff and the other inmates are housed,” which “may put plaintiff at risk if

13 the inmate whose information is being disclosed is a known enemy of plaintiff, and has objection

14 to the information being disclosed,” and “also creates a security risk to staff when inmates believe

15 that their information should not have been disclosed.” (ECF No. 70-1 at 10.) Romero declares

16 that a protective order cannot be crafted to address all of the safety and security concerns posed

17 by the release of these confidential records. Even if a protective order issued, Romero states that

18 the inmate’s personal property may be accessed by a cellmate. Moreover, there is no guarantee

19 an inmate would abide by a protective order, and the threat of civil or criminal contempt is

20 unlikely to deter an inmate from sharing confidential information because many inmates retain 21 very little money in their trust accounts and are already serving long sentences. (Id.) Thus,

22 Romero “believe[s] the potential for misuse of information exists even where there is a protective

23 order in place.” (ECF No. 70-1 at 11.)

24 The undersigned is not persuaded that the disclosure of these sign-in sheets would result

25 in a substantial risk of harm, with the exception of releasing the name and CDCR number of an

26 inmate who is a known enemy of plaintiff. Accordingly, defendant is directed to provide plaintiff 27 with a copy of all sign-in sheets for the A/B yard law library and the law library LLEDS

28 computer terminals from October 1, 2016, through November 30, 2016. Such sign-in sheets shall 19 1 be unredacted, with the exception of any inmate who is a known enemy of plaintiff. If a

2 particular sign-in sheet has already been produced in unredacted form, defendant need not re-

3 produce such sign-in sheet.

4 b. PLAINTIFF’S REQUEST FOR PRODUCTION, SET TWO

5 RPD, Set Two, No. 1: Plaintiff requests entrance and exit records from the transportation gate allowing access to A, B, C, and D yards 6 of emergency vehicles and their occupants being transported from Nov. 01, 2016 to Nov. 01, 2017. 7 Response: Objection. This request is not relevant to the claims and 8 defenses in this lawsuit. Documents concerning the entrance and exit of emergency vehicles, and information concerning the occupants of 9 those emergency vehicles, during the requested time frame have no bearing on whether Defendant Kaur retaliated against Plaintiff as 10 alleged in the complaint. The request is overbroad as to the scope of time, as it seeks documents outside of October 2016-November 11 2016, when the events at issue allegedly took place. The request seeks documents which are not within Defendant’s custody, 12 possession, or control. The request seeks documents which are protected by the official information privilege. The request 13 encompasses the medical information of third parties who are not involved in this lawsuit; such information is privileged and 14 confidential under California Code of Regulations, Title 15, sections 3450(d) and 3321; the California Information Practices Act (Cal. 15 Civ. Code §§ 1798 et seq.); and under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). Based on these 16 objections, Defendant will not produce documents in response to this request. A privilege log and accompanying declaration from the 17 litigation coordinator at California State Prison, Solano, are attached. 18

19 (ECF No. 63 at 65.) 20 Plaintiff argues that “Romero fails to specify or quantify any danger or safety issues or 21 how security could be jeopardized by disclosure of this request.” (ECF No. 63 at 5.) 22 Plaintiff utterly fails to demonstrate how this request is relevant to his retaliation claims. 23 Defendant’s objections are sustained and no further production is required. 24 RPD, Set Two, No. 3: Plaintiff request all employment records of Defendant G. Kaur regarding emergency or unscheduled leave, 25 medical or psychological from Nov. 01, 2016 through Jan. 01, 2018. Unredacted. 26 Response: Objection. This request is not relevant to the claims and 27 defenses in this lawsuit. Defendant’s medical and mental health history has no bearing on whether she retaliated against Plaintiff as 28 20 1 alleged in the operative complaint. This request is overbroad as to the scope of time, as it seeks documents outside of October 2016- 2 November 2016, when the events at issue allegedly took place. This request also seeks documents which are protected by the official 3 information privilege. This request also seeks documents which are not within Defendant’s possession, custody, or control. Defendant’s 4 personnel files are protected by the official information privilege. Sanchez v. City of Santa Ana, 936 F.2d 1027, 1033-34 (9th Cir. 5 1991). Personnel files are protected by the privacy rights of staff, including federal common law and applicable California statutes 6 including Government Code § 6254; the California Information Practices Act (Cal. Civ. Code §§ 1798 et seq.); and under California 7 Code of Regulations, Title 15, § 3400. Personnel files are also deemed confidential and should not be disclosed to inmates under 8 California Code of Regulations, Title 15, §§ 3450(d), 3370, and 3321; the disclosure of which could (1) endanger the safety of staff, 9 or (2) jeopardize the security of the institution. Defendant’s medical and mental health history is also privileged and confidential under 10 the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). Based on these objections, Defendant will not produce any 11 documents in response to this request. A privilege log and accompanying declaration from the litigation coordinator at 12 California State Prison, Solano, are attached.

14 (ECF No. 63 at 66.)

15 Plaintiff appears to challenge the response to number 3 (ECF No. 63 at 5), although he did

16 not separately address such request as he did the other requests (ECF No. 63 at 5-8).

17 However, as set forth in ruling on interrogatories three and four (set one), and request for

18 production number 7 (set one), plaintiff fails to demonstrate how defendant’s mental health is

19 relevant to plaintiff’s retaliation claims or defendant’s defenses. Similarly, plaintiff fails to

20 demonstrate how defendant’s medical condition, emergency leave or medical leave are relevant.

21 Moreover, plaintiff fails to demonstrate how defendant’s employment records are relevant to

22 plaintiff’s retaliation claims. Finally, plaintiff’s request is overbroad in time where his retaliation

23 claim is based on incidents from October to November, 2016. Defendant’s objections are

24 sustained and no further production is required.

25 RPD, Set Two, No. 4: Plaintiff request all records of training, education and or accredited experience of the defendant G. Kaur that 26 qualified her to fill the position of Senior Librarian for CDCR. 27 Response: Objection. This request is not relevant to the claims and defenses in this lawsuit. Defendant’s training, education, and 28 qualifications for the Senior Librarian position has no bearing on 21 1 whether she retaliated against Plaintiff as alleged in the operative complaint. This request is overly broad and unduly burdensome. As 2 written, the request encompasses all records related to Defendant’s education, from primary school to higher education. The request 3 covers documents which are outside of October 2016-November 2016, when the events at issue allegedly took place. The vast 4 majority of such records are not within Defendant’s possession, custody, or control. Based on these objections, Defendant will not 5 produce any documents in response to this request.

7 (ECF No. 63 at 67.)

8 Plaintiff argues that no CDCR training or education documents were provided, and must

9 be disclosed. (ECF No. 63 at 7.) Defendant counters that plaintiff failed to address defendant’s

10 objections and therefore he fails to meet his burden to show why such objections are not justified.

11 (ECF No. 70 at 16.) Further, defendant argues that such request is unduly burdensome, overly

12 broad, and the majority of such records are not in defendant’s possession, custody, or control, and

13 plaintiff failed to explain how such records are relevant.

14 The undersigned does not agree that the request is overbroad because plaintiff sought only

15 such materials pertinent to defendant’s position as senior librarian, which she obtained in 2016.

16 But plaintiff fails to demonstrate how such records are relevant to plaintiff’s retaliation claims or

17 defendant’s defenses. No further production is required.

18 RPD, Set Two, No. 5: Due to Defendant Kaur facing allegations of violating plaintiff’s constitutional rights: Plaintiff request 19 documentation of defendant G. Kaur’s immigration status from Nov. 01, 2016 through Jan. 01, 2018. 20 Response: Objection. This request is not relevant to the claims and 21 defenses in this lawsuit. Defendant’s immigration status has no bearing on whether she retaliated against Plaintiff as alleged in the 22 operative complaint. The request is overbroad as to the scope of time, as it seeks documents outside of October 2016-November 2016, 23 when the events at issue allegedly took place. The request encompasses personal information which is privileged and 24 confidential under California Code of Regulations, Title 15, sections 3450(d) and 3321. Based on these objections, Defendant will not 25 produce any documents in response to this request. 26 (ECF No. 63 at 67.)

27 Plaintiff argues that no response was provided, “though her answer confirms she is Indian,

28 and an email by her speaks of ‘migrating’ here. Relevancy is language, perception, culture.” 22 1 (ECF No. 63 at 7.) Although the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure governing discovery

2 contemplate a broad interpretation of relevance, plaintiff’s efforts to discover defendant’s

3 immigration status are unavailing. Defendant’s immigration status is not at issue here.

4 RPD, Set Two, No. 6: Plaintiff request defendant G. Kaur produce for inspection defendant’s entire [personnel] file with CDCR from 5 Jan. 01, 2014 to present as would be required in an in camera review. 6 Response: Objection. This request is not relevant to the claims and defenses in this lawsuit. Defendant’s employment records have no 7 bearing on whether she retaliated against Plaintiff as alleged in the operative complaint. The request is overbroad as to the scope of 8 time, as it seeks documents outside of October 2016-November 2016, when the events at issue allegedly took place. Defendant’s 9 personnel files are protected by the official information privilege. Sanchez v. City of Santa Ana, 936 F.2d 1027, 1033-34 (9th Cir. 10 1991). Personnel files are protected by the privacy rights of staff, including federal common law and applicable California statutes 11 including Government Code § 6254; the California Information Practices Act (Cal. Civ. Code §§ 1798 et seq.); and under California 12 Code of Regulations, Title 15, § 3400. Personnel files are also deemed confidential and should not be disclosed to inmates under 13 California Code of Regulations, Title 15, §§ 3450(d), 3370, and 3321; the disclosure of which could (1) endanger the safety of staff, 14 or (2) jeopardize the security of the institution. This request encompasses documents which are not within Defendant’s 15 possession, custody, or control. Based on these objections, Defendant will not produce any documents in response to this 16 request. A privilege log and accompanying declaration from the litigation coordinator at California State Prison, Solano, are attached. 17

18 (ECF No. 63 at 68.) 19 Plaintiff “request[s] an in camera review for instances of illegal, dishonest or unreasonable 20 behavior demonstrating an inability to perform her duties as required and/or allegations of 21 retaliation or abuse of power towards inmates or staff.” (ECF No. 63 at 8.) 22 Defendant’s objections are sustained, as explained in the ruling on plaintiff’s request for 23 production number one, set one, above. No further production is required. 24 RPD, Set Two, No. 7: Plaintiff request all reports, memorandum, e- g-mails [sic], documents, confidential and non-confidential that were 25 generated or received by defendant G. Kaur that mentions the name or refers to the actions or person of plaintiff, Gerald Spence from 26 Aug. 01, 2016 to present. Unredacted. 27 Response: Objection. This request is overbroad, unduly burdensome, and encompasses documents which are not relevant to 28 23 1 the claims and defenses of either party. This request is overbroad as to the scope of time, as it seeks documents outside of October 2016- 2 November 2016, when the events at issue allegedly took place. This request encompasses documents which are protected by attorney- 3 client privilege and attorney-work product, such as emails exchanged between Defendant and her attorney. This request encompasses 4 documents which are protected by the official information privilege. This request encompasses documents which are privileged and 5 confidential under California Code of Regulations, Title 15, sections 3450(d) and 3321. Without waiving these objections, Defendant 6 produces documents which are responsive to this request (Bates Nos. DEF000001 to DEF000006; DEF000008; DEF000319 to 7 DEF000500). First names, telephone extensions, social security numbers, and other privileged information have been redacted. 8

9 (ECF No. 63 at 68-69.)

10 Plaintiff states that the response did not provide for the time frames requested, and are

11 “not sequential with four copies of each email in various order of date and issues being

12 discussed.” (ECF No. 63 at 8.) Plaintiff argues that such response is “sand bagging” and

13 “dumping,” “with the same email having several numbers.” (Id., citing ECF No. 63 at 63-69 (Ex.

14 E).) Plaintiff’s Exhibit only provides the discovery requests and responses to plaintiff’s request

15 for production of documents, set two; no documents were provided. (ECF No. 63 at 63-69.)

16 Defendant argues that plaintiff fails to address the objections and thus fails to meet his

17 burden of demonstrating why the objections are not justified. (ECF No. 70 at 18.) Further,

18 despite the objections, defendant produced copies of the chrono and rules violation report at issue

19 here, a copy of the CDCR 602 form in which defendant completed section C, as well as a

20 redacted copy of emails she exchanged with prison staff regarding preparation and submission of

21 the chrono and RVR at issue here.

22 Neither party provided a copy of the emails to the court in connection with this motion.

23 Defendant is correct that plaintiff failed to address defendant’s specific arguments. But defendant

24 failed to address plaintiff’s argument that the emails were not produced sequentially and that

25 some of the same emails contained different Bates numbers. The undersigned finds that

26 defendant’s emails to or from other prison staff, from October to November of 2016, pertaining to

27 the chrono and RVR at issue here or pertaining to defendant’s interaction with plaintiff during

28 this time frame, are relevant to plaintiff’s retaliation claims, and it is appropriate to redact first 24 1 names, telephone numbers and social security numbers due to privilege and confidentiality.

2 Therefore, defendant shall produce to plaintiff copies of such emails, in order by date sent,

3 making sure that Bates numbers are not duplicated, and redacting first names, telephone numbers

4 and social security numbers. In all other respects, defendant’s objections are sustained and no

5 additional production is required.

6 3. REQUEST FOR ADMISSIONS

7 It is unclear whether plaintiff included his request for admissions in his motion to compel.

8 Plaintiff entitles his motion as addressing his “first and second sets of discovery requests,” and

9 includes his request for admissions in his second sentence claiming that defendant “engaged in

10 piecemeal, evasive, incomplete and complete, untimely, and total failures to disclose” (ECF No.

11 63 at 1), but plaintiff did not set forth a separate section in his motion that addressed each

12 individual request for admissions. (ECF No. 63, passim.) Rather, plaintiff periodically mentions

13 his request for admissions, and then under his subheading “sanctions,” claims that defendant’s

14 privilege log does not address the request for admissions and must be deemed a total and

15 complete failure to disclose. (ECF No. 63 at 16.) Plaintiff did provide a copy of his request for

16 admissions and defendant’s responses. (ECF No. 63 at 42-47.)

17 Understandably, defendant did not address the request for admissions in her opposition.

18 Because plaintiff failed to clearly move to compel further responses to the request for

19 admissions, and did not set forth his objections to each particular response, the undersigned could

20 deny the motion on procedural grounds. Nevertheless, the undersigned has performed a cursory 21 review of the request for admissions. As to the issue of untimeliness, defendant was granted an

22 extension of time, nunc pro tunc, in which to respond to the request for admissions. (ECF No.

23 56.) Thus, plaintiff’s untimeliness objection is overruled.6

24 The court’s review of the request for admissions reflects that defendant responded to each

25 request, lodging objections and admitting some of the requests and denying others. (ECF No. 63

26 6 Although plaintiff complains that discovery was subsequently extended for both parties (as 27 opposed to just plaintiff), the record demonstrates that plaintiff had an opportunity to propound many different discovery requests, and also filed two motions to compel further discovery 28 responses. 25 1 at 42-47.) The court will not review each request and response to determine whether any of the

2 responses are somehow deficient. As explained above, plaintiff has the burden of describing why

3 a particular response is inadequate, and may not generally argue that the responses are

4 insufficient. See, e.g., Williams v. Flint, 2007 WL 2274520 at *1 (E.D. Cal. Aug. 6, 2007) (“It is

5 plaintiff’s burden to describe why a particular response is inadequate. It is not enough to

6 generally argue that all responses are incomplete.”). Because plaintiff has not met his burden to

7 demonstrate that defendant’s objections were unjustified, plaintiff’s request to deem defendant’s

8 responses to plaintiff’s request for admissions “a total and complete failure to disclose” (ECF No.

9 63 at 16) is denied. No further responses are required.

10 C. Defendant’s Motion to Compel

11 On April 16, 2019, defendant filed a motion to compel further responses to her request for

12 admissions (set one), request for production of documents (set one), and interrogatories (set one),

13 which were served on December 20, 2018. (ECF No. 65.)

14 Initially, the court addresses plaintiff’s objections that defendant failed to meet and confer

15 with plaintiff prior to filing the motion to compel, claiming that such failure renders the motion

16 premature, and that plaintiff’s supplemental disclosures also render the motion moot. Defendant

17 argues that such claims are meritless because the court’s discovery and scheduling order waived

18 the requirement for parties to meet and confer before filing a motion to compel; defendant wrote

19 plaintiff a letter explaining the deficiencies, thus attempting to meet and confer, and it is unlikely

20 the parties could have informally resolved their discovery disputes in any event; plaintiff’s 21 supplemental responses did not address the deficiencies set forth in the meet and confer letter; and

22 plaintiff’s opposition to the motion to compel fails to address each discovery response defendant

23 challenges.

24 Plaintiff’s objections are overruled. The court relieved the parties of the meet and confer

25 requirement under Local Rule 251 because plaintiff is incarcerated, making it difficult for the

26 parties to engage in face to face conferences.7 Moreover, the record (and this order) makes clear 27 7 Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 37(a) also contains a requirement that the movant attempt to 28 resolve any disputes prior to seeking court intervention. However, while compliance with that 26 1 that any additional efforts to meet and confer would not have been successful. Defendant noted

2 that plaintiff’s supplemental responses did not remedy the identified deficiencies; therefore,

3 defendant’s motion was not premature and plaintiff’s supplemental responses did not render the

4 motion moot. The court now turns to the discovery requests at issue in defendant’s motion.

5 1. DISCOVERY RELATED TO EXHAUSTION 6 INTERROGATORY No. 1: IDENTIFY all INMATE APPEALS that you submitted that you contend exhaust your First Amendment 7 claim against Defendant. 8 RESPONSE: CSP-S-17-00019 - CSP-S-16-02710. There is (I believe) one other appeal on this topic. When allowed access to my 9 C-file I will update this response. 10 (ECF No. 65-2 at 41.) Supplemental response: “See rejected appeal TLR 1702346

11 (DEF000038).” (ECF No. 65-2 at 91.)

12 Defendant argues that plaintiff has not supplemented his response to provide the “other

13 appeal” referenced. Rather, in his supplemental response, plaintiff directed defendant to rejected

14 appeal TLR 1702346 (DEF000038), which comes from previously-identified Appeal Log No.

15 CSP-S-17-00019. Plaintiff did not address this interrogatory in his opposition.

16 If a third inmate appeal exists as referenced in plaintiff’s original response that has not yet

17 been identified to defendant, plaintiff must identify the appeal in a supplemental response to

18 interrogatory number 1. Such information is relevant to defendant’s affirmative defense based on

19 exhaustion. If no such third inmate appeal exists, plaintiff should so respond.

20 INTERROGATORY No. 3: If you were unable to fully exhaust any INMATE APPEAL identified in response to Interrogatory No. 1, 21 state each and every fact in support of this contention. 22 RESPONSE: Kaur’s personal monitoring of plaintiff’s access, yard attendance, and conducting the interview in light of her claims of 23 abuse, intimidation, disrespect and that such interview was waived and in violation of Title 15. 24

25 (ECF No. 65-2 at 42.) Supplemental response: “See rejected appeal TLR 1702346 26 27 rule has not been explicitly excused and the court encourages parties to attempt to resolve disputes prior to seeking court intervention, because plaintiff is incarcerated and proceeding pro 28 se, it is not enforced here and does not provide grounds for denying the motion. 27 1 (DEF000038).” (ECF No. 65-2 at 91.)

2 Defendant argues that plaintiff failed to state all facts regarding defendant’s alleged

3 interference, such as identifying the appeals defendant interfered with or the specific acts of

4 interference in which defendant engaged; how plaintiff learned about the interference; and the

5 date, time, or any potential witnesses to such interference. Plaintiff failed to explain the

6 contradiction between this response and plaintiff’s contention in response to request for

7 production of documents number four,8 where he claimed “no such contention has been raised.”

8 (ECF No. 65-1 at 8.) Plaintiff did not address interrogatory number three in his opposition. In his

9 supplemental response, plaintiff directed defendant to see the rejected appeal TLR 1702346

10 (DEF000038). (ECF No. 65-1 at 8.) In his supplemental response to request for production four,

11 plaintiff reiterated “no such contention has been raised.” (ECF No. 65-1 at 21.)

12 Plaintiff’s response to the request for production number 4 appears to contradict plaintiff’s

13 response to interrogatory number 3. Moreover, plaintiff has identified at least two separate

14 administrative appeals in his discovery responses. Plaintiff is required to provide further

15 responses to interrogatory number 3 in which he specifically identifies any appeal, by number,

16 that plaintiff alleges he was unable to fully exhaust, and, as to each such appeal, plaintiff must

17 provide the facts he alleges demonstrates his inability to exhaust the claim. If plaintiff possesses,

18 or is aware of, any document that supports an argument that he was unable to fully exhaust any

19 inmate appeal that would have exhausted plaintiff’s First Amendment claims against defendant,

20 plaintiff must identify and provide such document to the defendant. Plaintiff’s objection that 21 request number four is overbroad is overruled because the request is limited to any inmate appeal

22 that would have exhausted plaintiff’s retaliation claims raised in this action, which arose from

23 events in October and November 2016, a very discrete period of time. Therefore, defendant’s

24 motion for further response to interrogatory number three and request for production number four

26 8 RPD No. 4: “If you contend you were unable to fully exhaust any INMATE APPEAL that would have exhausted your First Amendment claims against Defendant, produce all 27 DOCUMENTS that support your contention.” (ECF No. 65-2 at 67.) “RESPONSE: Objection: Documents (ALL) are overbroad, requires work product. No such contention has been raised.” 28 (Id.) 28 1 is granted.

2 REQUEST FOR PRODUCTION NO. 3: Produce all INMATE APPEALS that you contend exhaust your First Amendment claims 3 against Defendant. 4 RESPONSE: These documents are contained in the plaintiff’s C-file and so far have not been disclosed to plaintiff, therefor, plaintiff 5 objects since you hold the documents you request, said request is harassing, asked and answered attempting to raise the cost of 6 litigation. 7 (ECF No. 65-2 at 66.)

8 Here, plaintiff concedes that the inmate appeals are in his central file; thus, plaintiff has

9 custody or control over such documents. See Ford v. Wildey, 2014 WL 4354600 at * 4 (E.D.

10 Cal. Sept. 2, 2014) (prisoner has access to his central file). Defendant also concedes that she

11 could obtain copies from plaintiff’s central file, but argues that a party may not refuse to respond

12 to a discovery request on the grounds that the information is in the possession of the requesting

13 party, or on the basis that information is more readily available to the requesting party.” (ECF

14 No. 65-1 at 20, citations omitted.) Moreover, defendant argues that she does not know which

15 appeal or appeals plaintiff believes exhausts his administrative remedies. (ECF No. 65-1 at 20.)

16 Administrative exhaustion is an affirmative defense that defendants must plead and prove.

17 Albino v. Baca, 747 F.3d 1162, 1166 (9th Cir. 2014) (en banc). Thus, defendant is entitled to

18 discover what inmate appeals plaintiff contends exhausted his administrative remedies as to the

19 instant retaliation claims. Davidson v. Goord, 215 F.R.D. 73, 77 (W.D. N.Y. Jan. 30, 2003) (“A

20 requested party may not refuse to respond to a requesting party’s discovery request on the ground 21 that the requested information is in the possession of the requesting party.”).

22 Plaintiff must provide a further response to request for production of documents number

23 three.

24 2. INTERROGATORIES, 6-10, SET ONE

25 INTERROGATORY NO. 6: IDENTIFY all persons who witnessed the interactions you alleged took place with Defendant Kauer on 26 October 25, 2016 and November 1, 2016. 27 RESPONSE: Inmate Brooks, Parnell, Johnson, Davis, Walker, McCloud, Jones, Torres, Perryman, Griffin, Sheperd and Collins. 28 29 1 (ECF No. 65-2 at 44.) Supplemental response: “Your request makes no date distinction.” (ECF

2 No. 65-2 at 91.)

3 Defendant contends that plaintiff failed to fully answer because he failed to provide each

4 person’s address and phone number, or, if the witness is incarcerated, the CDCR number and

5 name of the CDCR institution where housed, as set forth in the instructions accompanying the

6 interrogatories. (ECF No. 65-1 at 9, citing ECF No. 65-2 at 6.) Further, defendant objects that

7 plaintiff failed to identify which incident each person witnessed, and which person is an inmate.

8 Plaintiff did not address this interrogatory in his opposition. Defendant further argues that

9 plaintiff must fully identify the twelve persons named, and specify who witnessed the events of

10 October 25, 2016, and who witnessed the events of November 1, 2016.

11 In his response to interrogatory number six, plaintiff identified twelve witnesses. The

12 accompanying instructions to the interrogatories clearly informed plaintiff of the details required

13 when asked to “IDENTIFY” a person in plaintiff’s responses. (ECF No. 65-2 at 6.) Plaintiff did

14 identify witness Brooks as an inmate, but failed to provide Brooks’ CDCR number and where

15 Brooks is housed. Plaintiff provided no other identifying information as to the remaining eleven

16 witnesses. Therefore, plaintiff is required to provide the address and phone number for each

17 witness or, if an identified witness is incarcerated, plaintiff must provide the CDCR number and

18 name of the prison where each witness is housed.

19 The undersigned does not read interrogatory six as requiring plaintiff to distinguish the

20 event witnessed. Rather, the interrogatory asks plaintiff to identify all witnesses to the incidents 21 on October 25 and November 1. Defendant could have separated out the request to have plaintiff

22 name the witnesses to the October 25 events, and then separately ask plaintiff to name the

23 witnesses to the November 1 events. But defendant chose to include both incidents in one

24 interrogatory, and did not request that plaintiff specify which incident was witnessed. Plaintiff is

25 not required to identify the specific event in response to interrogatory number six.

26 INTERROGATORY NO. 9: Identify and describe all COMMUNICATIONS you have had with the persons identified in 27 response to Interrogatory No. 8, regarding the facts alleged in your COMPLAINT. 28 30 1 RESPONSE: Objection. Privileged work product trial preparation materials. 2

3 (ECF No. 65-2 at 45.) Supplemental response: “Declarations are being compiled for litigation

4 but I will not disclose work product.” (ECF No. 65-2 at 91.)

5 Defendant argues that plaintiff failed to describe the nature of the documents,

6 communications or tangible things that he withheld under the work product doctrine, and failed to

7 describe all of the communications he had with the twelve witnesses identified in response to

8 interrogatory number 8 regarding the facts alleged in his pleading which were not prepared in

9 anticipation of litigation or for trial. (ECF No. 65-1 at 10.) Defendant contends that plaintiff

10 must identify and describe all of his communications with his twelve witnesses because plaintiff

11 failed to properly invoke the work product doctrine. Plaintiff failed to address this interrogatory

12 in his opposition.

13 Discovery can be limited by the attorney work product privilege, which “protects from

14 discovery documents and tangible things prepared by a party or his representative in anticipation

15 of litigation.” In re Grand Jury Subpoena (Mark Torf/Torf Environmental Management), 357

16 F.3d 900, 906 (9th Cir. 2004), citing Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(b)(3). However, such protection only

17 extends to (1) “documents and tangible things” (2) “prepared in anticipation of litigation or for

18 trial” (3) “by or for another party or by or for that other party’s representative.” Fed. R. Civ. P.

19 26(b)(3). The privilege “does not protect facts concerning the creation of work product or facts

20 contained within the work product.” Garcia v. City of El Centro, 214 F.R.D. 587, 591 (S.D. Cal.

21 2003) (citations omitted). “Only when a party seeking discovery attempts to ascertain facts,

22 “which inherently reveal the attorney’s mental impression,” does the work product privilege

23 extend to the underlying facts. Id.

24 When a party withholds information otherwise discoverable by claiming that the information is privileged or subject to protection as 25 trial-preparation material, the party must:

26 (i) expressly make the claim; and 27 (ii) describe the nature of the documents, communications, or tangible things not produced or disclosed -- and do so in a manner 28 that, without revealing information itself privileged or protected, will 31 1 enable other parties to assess the claim.

3 Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(b)(5). “The party asserting the work product privilege bears the burden of

4 proving that the material withheld meets the standards established for material to be classified as

5 work product.” Garcia, 214 F.R.D. at 591. If the court finds the work product privilege applies,

6 the burden shifts, and the party seeking the discovery must demonstrate a substantial need for the

7 materials, and show that such materials cannot be obtained without undue hardship or by

8 alternative means. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(b)(3).

9 As argued by defendant, defendant is entitled to discovery as to the facts supporting

10 plaintiff’s retaliation claims. As explained, plaintiff’s mere invocation of the work product

11 privilege is insufficient under the Federal Rules. Thus, defendant’s motion to compel further

12 response is granted. Plaintiff must identify any and all communications9 plaintiff had with the

13 twelve persons identified in plaintiff’s response to interrogatory number 8 regarding the facts

14 alleged in plaintiff’s complaint.

15 INTERROGATORY NO. 10: State all facts and identify all DOCUMENTS which led you to believe Defendant Kauer had 16 retaliated against you as alleged in the COMPLAINT.

17 RESPONSE: The request is duplicitious [sic], asked and answered. Objection work product and trial preparation materials, overbroad. 18

19 (ECF No. 65-2 at 45.) Supplemental response: “‘Led me to believe’ is work product.” (ECF No.

20 65-2 at 91.) Plaintiff’s objections are overruled, and he is required to respond for the reasons

21 discussed in interrogatory number 9.

22 2. RELATED REQUESTS/INTERROGATORIES, SET ONE

23 A. Blue Pass Card vs. Blue Placard or Blue Card

24 Defendant seeks to compel further responses to request for admissions 2, 5, and 10, as

26 9 Plaintiff is reminded that “COMMUNICATIONS” are defined as “any exchange of information between or among two or more persons including, but not limited to, written contact by letter, 27 memorandum, email, text, voicemail, Instagram, Facebook, or other social media, facsimile, or otherwise; or verbal contact in face-to-face meetings, telephone conversations, or otherwise.” 28 (ECF No. 65-2 at 7.) 32 1 well as Interrogatories Nos. 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20. Initially, the court sets out the

2 discovery requests and responses, then sets forth the parties’ positions and the court’s rulings.

3 RFA NO. 2: Admit that before you entered the CSP-Solano law library on October 25, 2016, a correctional officer handed you a blue 4 pass card to show to the law librarians. 5 RESPONSE: Objection as to “show” vague as to time and assumes facts not in evidence. Unable to admit or deny. 6

7 (ECF No. 65-2 at 62.) Supplemental Response: “The blue plastic card to my knowledge was not 8 to “show” anyone.” (ECF No. 65-2 at 89.) 9 INTERROGATORY NO. 13: If your response to Defendant Kaur’s [RFA] No. 5 . . . is anything other than a full and unequivocal 10 admission, state all facts and identify all documents in support of your response. 11 RESPONSE: Objection to entire line of questions. Responses to 12 admissions and Requests 11 and 12 speak for themselves. So far, you have evaded disclosure of any such policy, memorandum, 13 procedure, rule or practice noticed to the inmate population in Title 15 or the D.O.M. or its supplement. 14

15 (ECF No. 65-2 at 47.) Supplemental response: “These documents have not been disclosed by 16 defendant[], though requested. (ECF No. 65-2 at 91.) 17 RFA NO. 5: Admit that when you first entered the CSP-Solano law library on October 25, 2016, you did not show Defendant Kaur your 18 blue pass card. 19 RESPONSE: Objection as to “first entered” as to time, position, and/or function, vague, ambiguous, assumes facts not in evidence, 20 argumentative. Plaintiff is unable to admit or deny. 21 (ECF No. 65-2 at 59.) Supplemental response: As phrased . . . I could not admit the premise, 22 when first entering library we sign in. These admissions are actually interrogatories.” (ECF No. 23 65-2 at 89.) 24 INTERROGATORY NO. 14: If your response to Defendant Kaur’s [RFA] No. 6 . . . is anything other than a full and unequivocal 25 admission, state all facts and identify all documents in support of your response. 26 RESPONSE: See No. 13 above. 27

28 33 1 (ECF No. 65-2 at 47.) Supplemental response: “These documents have not been disclosed by

2 defendant[], though requested. Currently there are no documents responsive to this request.”

3 (ECF No. 65-2 at 91.) In RFA No. 6, defendant asked plaintiff to admit that after he entered the

4 prison law library on October 25, 2016, defendant ordered plaintiff several times to show the blue

5 pass card. (ECF No. 65-2 at 59.) In response, plaintiff objected, then denied the request. (Id.)

6 INTERROGATORY NO. 15: If your response to Defendant Kaur’s [RFA] No. 7 . . . is anything other than a full and unequivocal 7 admission, state all facts and identify all documents in support of your response. 8 RESPONSE: See Response #13. 9

10 (ECF No. 65-2 at 48.) Supplemental response: These documents have not been disclosed by

11 defendant[], though requested. Currently there are no documents responsive to this request. “If

12 documents come available they will be disclosed.” (ECF No. 65-2 at 92.) In RFA No. 7,

13 defendant asked plaintiff to admit that on October 25, 2016, he did not show defendant the blue

14 pass card in response to each order by defendant to do so. (ECF No. 65-2 at 59.) In response,

15 plaintiff objected, then denied the request. (Id.)

16 INTERROGATORY NO. 16: If your response to Defendant Kaur’s [RFA] No. 9 . . . is anything other than a full and unequivocal 17 admission, state all facts and identify all documents in support of your response. 18 RESPONSE: See Response #13. 19

20 (ECF No. 65-2 at 48.) Supplemental response: These documents have not been disclosed by 21 defendant[], though requested. Currently there are no documents responsive to this request. “If

22 documents come available they will be disclosed.” (ECF No. 65-2 at 92.) In RFA No. 9,

23 defendant asked plaintiff to admit that on October 25, 2016, in response to an order from

24 defendant to show the blue pass card, plaintiff argued with defendant about the blue pass card.

25 (ECF No. 65-2 at 60.) In response, plaintiff objected, and stated he was unable to admit or deny

26 the request. (Id.) 27 INTERROGATORY NO. 17: If your response to Defendant Kaur’s [RFA] No. 10 . . . is anything other than a full and unequivocal 28 admission, state all facts and identify all documents in support of 34 1 your response.

2 RESPONSE: See Response #13.

4 (ECF No. 65-2 at 49.) Supplemental response: “Again your premise assumes facts not in

5 evidence. First entering is sign in.” (ECF No. 65-2 at 92.)

6 RFA NO. 10: Admit that when you first entered the CSP-Solano law library on November 1, 2016, you did not show Defendant Kaur your 7 blue pass card.

8 RESPONSE: See response to request No. 2.

9 (ECF No. 65-2 at 60.) Supplemental Response: “Not required to show. It’s not a pass card.”

10 (ECF No. 65-2 at 89.)

11 INTERROGATORY NO. 18: If your response to Defendant Kaur’s [RFA] No. 11 . . . is anything other than a full and unequivocal 12 admission, state all facts and identify all documents in support of your response. 13 RESPONSE: See Response #13. See Response to Admission No. 14 11.

15 (ECF No. 65-2 at 49.) Supplemental response: “Not a pass card.” (ECF No. 65-2 at 92.) In

16 RFA No. 11, defendant asked plaintiff to admit that on November 1, 2016, after entering the law

17 library, defendant ordered plaintiff several times to show the blue pass card. (ECF No. 65-2 at

18 60.) In response, plaintiff objected, then denied the request. (Id.)

19 INTERROGATORY NO. 19: If your response to Defendant Kaur’s [RFA] No. 12 . . . is anything other than a full and unequivocal 20 admission, state all facts and identify all documents in support of your response. 21 RESPONSE: See Response to Admissions No. 12. 22

23 (ECF No. 65-2 at 50.) Supplemental response: “Not a pass card.” (ECF No. 65-2 at 92.) In

24 RFA No. 12, defendant asked plaintiff to admit that on November 1, 2016, he did not show

25 defendant the blue pass card in response to defendant’s orders to do so. (ECF No. 65-2 at 61.)

26 Following objections, plaintiff stated he was unable to admit of deny. (Id.) However, in his

27 supplemental response, plaintiff denied the request, stating “Kaur asked everyone. Not required

28 to show.” (ECF No. 65-2 at 89.) 35 1 INTERROGATORY NO. 20: If your response to Defendant Kaur’s [RFA] No. 13 . . . is anything other than a full and unequivocal 2 admission, state all facts and identify all documents in support of your response. 3 RESPONSE: See Response to Admission No. 13.0 4

5 (ECF No. 65-2 at 50.) Supplemental response: “I was not ordered, not a pass card, never spoke

6 to her.” (ECF No. 65-2 at 92.) In RFA No. 13, defendant asked plaintiff to admit that on

7 November 1, 2016, after defendant ordered plaintiff to show the blue pass card, plaintiff “loudly

8 argued” with defendant about the blue pass card. (ECF No. 65-2 at 61.) Following various

9 objections, plaintiff stated he was unable to admit or deny. (Id.) Plaintiff denied the request in

10 his supplemental response, adding: “No order given to plaintiff specifically. Not a pass card.

11 Spoke only to Brooks and Johnson.10 (ECF No. 65-2 at 92.)

12 RFA NO. 13: Admit that in response to one of Defendant Kaur’s orders to show her your blue pass card on November 1, 2016, you 13 loudly argued with Defendant Kaur about the blue pass card.

14 RESPONSE: Objection assumes facts not in evidence, lacks foundation, argumentative, vague as to “show,” “orders,” “loudly 15 argued,” and “about.” Unable to admit or deny.

16 (ECF No. 65-2 at 61.)

17 The Parties’ Arguments

18 In his opposition, plaintiff states that when you first enter the law library, “we sign-in,”

19 and it is not a “pass card.” (ECF No. 71 at 4.) “So, while true it is incorrect. It is unclear as to

20 which fact defendant intend[s] to establish.” (Id.) Thus, as to interrogatory number 17, plaintiff

21 argues that “a full and unequivocal admission is not possible based on the construction of the

22 request. It is designed to harass and provoke frustration and noncompliance.” (ECF No. 71 at 5.)

23 Plaintiff contends such difficulty “could be easily avoided by clarifying the request: ‘admit when

24 you entered the CSP-Library on November 1, 2016, you did not first show defendant Kaur the

25 blue plastic card after signing in.’ - “Admit.’” (ECF No. 71 at 5.) Plaintiff appears to argue that

26 because the composition of this request is fatally flawed, he cannot respond.

27 10 In his deposition, plaintiff clarified that defendant only spoke with Brooks and Johnson, that 28 defendant did not speak to any inmate. (Pl.’s Dep. at 84.) 36 1 As to the request for admissions, plaintiff generally argues that defendant’s requests “were

2 loaded with bald assertions, if admitted or acquiesced to, would effectively waive the

3 foundational fallacy upon which the ultimate fact is premised or couched.” (ECF No. 71 at 4.)

4 Specifically, as to request number two, plaintiff states that

5 the premise is correct; however, the ultimate fact or conclusion is wrong. There is nothing known to plaintiff nor defendant that refers 6 to the royal blue numbered (1-24) plastic card (3x5) as a “pass card” nor that it was given to “show” anyone – though given by an officer 7 before entering the library, except evenings and weekends. 8

9 (ECF No. 71 at 4.) 10 Defendant counters that request number two seeks copies of documents that support 11 plaintiff’s contention that Kaur retaliated against him. (ECF No. 65-1 at 20.) Defendant does not 12 address plaintiff’s challenge to the use of the word “pass,” or to plaintiff’s statement in response 13 to interrogatory number 10 that inmates sign in first, implying that plaintiff would not show the 14 card when he first entered the law library, or plaintiff’s subsequent clarification that he was not 15 required to show the blue placard to the librarians. (See Pl.’s Dep. at 64.) Moreover, in his 16 deposition, plaintiff denies that on October 25, 2016, Kaur ordered plaintiff to show the placard, 17 and denies that he argued with Kaur on either October 25 or November 1, 2016. (Pl.’s Dep. at 18 64-65; 87.) 19 Discussion 20 “[W]hen good faith requires that a party qualify an answer or deny only a part of a matter, 21 the answer must specify the part admitted and qualify or deny the rest.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 36(a)(4); 22 see Holmgren v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 976 F.2d 573, 579-80 (9th Cir. 1992). Denials 23 must be specific and must “fairly respond to the substance of the matter.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 24 36(a)(4). However, when the purpose of the request is reasonably clear, the responding party is 25 not permitted to deny the request based on a hyper-technical reading of the request. Holmgren, 26 976 F.3d at 580 (“Epistemological doubts speak highly of [the party’s] philosophical 27 sophistication, but poorly of its respect for Rule 36(a).”) 28 37 1 Plaintiff’s responses to the requests concerning the blue pass card11 could be viewed as

2 hyper-technical, but such responses also demonstrate he was unsure how to respond given his

3 view that the “blue card” was not a pass, his obligation when first entering the library was to sign-

4 in, and he was not required to show the blue card to the librarian. Plaintiff supplemented his

5 responses, and has now been deposed. Accordingly, the undersigned finds that no further

6 responses to request for admissions numbers two, five and ten are required. However, as to the

7 interrogatories, plaintiff’s objections are overruled. Plaintiff must articulate facts supporting his

8 position. For example, his response to interrogatory thirteen was nonresponsive. Even if

9 defendant had not yet produced a document, plaintiff states he had requested it, so he could, at a

10 minimum, identify such document. Moreover, plaintiff is reminded that he has access to his

11 central file and must produce any relevant document responsive to these interrogatories, even if

12 located in his central file. Plaintiff must provide further responses to interrogatories 13, 14, 15,

13 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20.

14 3. Remaining Interrogatories & Related Requests for Admissions, Set One

15 INTERROGATORY NO. 21: If your response to Defendant Kaur’s [RFA] No. 14 . . . is anything other than a full and unequivocal 16 admission, state all facts and identify all documents in support of your response. 17 RESPONSE: See Response to Admissions No. 14. 18

19 (ECF No. 65-2 at 51.) Supplemental response: “There are no documents responsive to this

20 request.” (ECF No. 65-2 at 92.) In RFA No. 14, defendant asked plaintiff to admit that on 21 November 1, 2016, before leaving the law library, plaintiff “loudly demanded” that defendant

22 sign a CDCR Form 22; plaintiff denied the request. (ECF No. 65-2 at 61.)

23 Plaintiff cannot be compelled to identify documents that do not exist. Defendant’s motion

24 for further response to Interrogatory No. 21 is denied.

25 11 The blue card provided to inmates in exchange for their prison ID so they may enter the library 26 has been referred to in various ways. In his November 1, 2016 CDCR 22, plaintiff referred to it as “the blue law library placard” and “blue card,” and “blue card” in his appeal (ECF No. 19 at 8, 27 21.) In her 128-B, defendant referred to the blue card as “the blue card” and the “Blue Card Pass.” (ECF No. 19 at 10.) During plaintiff’s deposition, the card was also referred to as the 28 “blue placard.” (Pl.’s Dep. at 45-47.) 38 1 INTERROGATORY NO. 22: If your response to Defendant Kaur’s [RFA] No. 15 . . . is anything other than a full and unequivocal 2 admission, state all facts and identify all documents in support of your response. 3 RESPONSE: See Response to Admissions No. 15. 4

5 (ECF No. 65-2 at 51.) Supplemental response: “There are two [requests] no. 15s; it is unclear

6 which No. 15 [defendant] refer[s] to.” (ECF No. 65-2 at 92.)

7 RFA NO. 15(A): Admit that Defendant Kaur signed the CDCR Form 22s that you asked her to sign on October 25, 2016, and 8 November 1, 2016.

9 RESPONSE: Admit, Kaur signed the Form 22s. Deny, I never “asked” Kaur to sign anything. Objection as to “asked,” (requested, 10 demanded, ordered or suggested, etc.).

11 (ECF No. 65-2 at 61.)

12 RFA NO. 15(B): Admit that Defendant Kaur never voiced any opposition to signing the CDCR Form 22s that you asked her to sign 13 on October 25, 2016, and November 1, 2016.

14 RESPONSE: Objection vague, ambiguous, lacks foundation, assumes facts not in evidence. Unclear as to “voiced,” “opposition,” 15 “never,” and “asked.” Deny – not waiving objection.

16 (ECF No. 65-2 at 62.)

17 Plaintiff’s responses to RFA Nos. 15(A) and 15(B) are sufficient to answer defendant’s

18 request for facts in interrogatory number 22. However, if plaintiff has documents that support

19 such responses, he must identify each document.

20 INTERROGATORY NO. 23: If your response to Defendant Kaur’s [RFA] No. 16 . . . is anything other than a full and unequivocal 21 admission, state all facts and identify all documents in support of your response. 22 RESPONSE: See Response to Admission No. 16. 23

24 (ECF No. 65-2 at 52.) In RFA No. 16, defendant asked plaintiff to admit that he has no evidence

25 showing defendant filed a CDCR 128B Informational Chrono in order to retaliate against plaintiff

26 for the CDCR Form 22’s referenced in plaintiff’s complaint. (ECF No. 65-2 at 62.) In response,

27 plaintiff lodged objections, then stated he was unable to admit or deny. (Id.) Plaintiff denied the

28 request in his supplemental response. (ECF No. 65-2 at 90.) 39 1 As discussed above, if plaintiff has documentary evidence supporting his retaliation

2 claims against defendant, he must provide such evidence to defendant. Therefore, defendant’s

3 motion to compel further response to Interrogatory No. 23 is granted.

4 INTERROGATORY NO. 24: If your response to Defendant Kaur’s [RFA] No. 17. . . is anything other than a full and unequivocal 5 admission, state all facts and identify all documents in support of your response. 6 RESPONSE: See Response to Admission No. 17. 7

8 (ECF No. 65-2 at 52.) In RFA No. 17, defendant asked plaintiff to admit that he has no evidence

9 to show defendant filed an RVR in order to retaliate against plaintiff for filing the CDCR form

10 602 referenced in the complaint. In response, plaintiff lodged objections, but then denied the

11 request. (ECF No. 65-2 at 62.)

12 Plaintiff must provide further response to interrogatory number 24.

13 3. REQUEST FOR PRODUCTION OF DOCUMENTS, SET ONE

14 Plaintiff produced no documents in response to defendant’s request for production of

15 documents. Defendant seeks an order requiring plaintiff to provide documents in response to

16 request numbers 1, 2, 5, 6, 9, and 10.12 In his opposition, plaintiff specifically addressed only

17 request number 2.

18 RPD NO. 2: Produce all DOCUMENTS referenced in your COMPLAINT which you contend caused Defendant Kaur to 19 retaliate against you. 20 RESPONSE: Objection: work product, overbroad and immaterial, speculative and irrelevant. Not waiving the objection: Plaintiff has 21 never contended a “cause” of Kaur’s retaliation. Either an admission or mental health disclosure will reveal the cause. 22

23 (ECF No. 65-2 at 66.) Supplemental response: “The ‘cause’ of Kaur’s retaliation would

24 constitute mental impressions, thus work product.” (ECF No. 65-2 at 90.)

25 In his opposition, plaintiff argues that no documents are “referenced” in his complaint,

26 and that he did not contend there was a “cause” for Kaur to retaliate. (ECF No. 71 at 5.) Plaintiff 27

28 12 The court granted defendant’s motion to compel further response to request numbers 3 & 4. 40 1 adds that such cause “would involve mental impressions, opinions and assumes referenced

2 documents in the complaint.” (Id.) Plaintiff argues that the request “should be designed to

3 establish an ultimate fact in contention, nor surreptitiously introduce as fact assumptions that

4 can’t be proven by the requesting party.” (Id.) Further, he argues that defendant is attempting to

5 circumvent the work product doctrine by attempting to illicit thought processes through

6 depositions and interrogatories.” (ECF No. 71 at 6, citing Hickman v. Taylor, 329 U.S. 495

7 (1947).)

8 However, plaintiff is mistaken. Plaintiff references multiple documents in his pleading:

9 (1) on November 1, 2016, plaintiff wrote Principal Williams about an act of retaliation by

10 defendant; (2) on November 2, 2016, defendant authored a 128-B; (3) on November 10, 2016,

11 defendant issued an RVR; defendant conducted a review of the report. (ECF No. 19 at 4.) In

12 addition, plaintiff appended numerous exhibits to his pleading: November 1, 2016 CDCR 22;

13 October 25, 2016 CDCR 22; Defendant’s November 2, 2016 Informational Chrono (128B);

14 Disciplinary Hearing Results from the November 18, 2016 hearing; Plaintiff’s November 8, 2016

15 administrative appeal, and other appeal documents. (ECF No. 19 at 8-27.)

16 The documents referenced in plaintiff’s pleading do not constitute work product and

17 therefore must be produced. If plaintiff has other documents responsive to this request, he must

18 produce them inasmuch as he failed to demonstrate a particular document is subject to the work

19 product privilege, as explained above.

20 Remaining Requests for Production 21 In the remaining requests, defendant sought (1) “any personal notes, journals, or diaries

22 prepared RELATED TO that October 25, 2016 and November 1, 2016 incidents you allege in

23 your COMPLAINT;” (5) “Produce all DOCUMENTS supporting your contention that Defendant

24 Kaur retaliated against you for filing CDCR Form 22s as you allege in your COMPLAINT;” (6)

25 Produce all DOCUMENTS supporting your contention that Defendant Kaur retaliated against you

26 for filing an INMATE APPEAL as you allege in your COMPLAINT;” (9) “Produce all 27 COMMUNICATIONS you have had with the persons identified in response to Defendant Kaur’s

28 Interrogatory No. 8 [the 12 witnesses named by plaintiff];” and (10) “Produce all documents 41 1 identified in Defendant Kaur’s Interrogatory No. 10 [(which asked plaintiff to identify all

2 documents which led him to believe Kaur had retaliated against him as alleged in the complaint)].

3 (ECF No. 65-2 at 66-68.)

4 Plaintiff raised various objections, including overbreadth, relevance, “asked and

5 answered,” and work product. In his supplemental responses, plaintiff again claimed work

6 product (as to numbers 1 and 6), and states defendant’s 128-B and RVR are responsive to request

7 number 5. (ECF No. 65-2 at 90.)

8 Despite plaintiff’s objections, defendant’s requests were narrowly tailored to plaintiff’s

9 complaint and his allegations and therefore are not overbroad. The requests also seek evidence

10 relevant to plaintiff’s claims. Because plaintiff failed to initially produce any documents in

11 response to these requests, and failed to identify when and where he previously provided such

12 documents, his response “asked and answered” is inappropriate. Such objections are overruled.

13 In addition, as set forth above, in order to assert the work product privilege, plaintiff must

14 identify the nature of the documents, communications, or tangible things he refuses to disclose or

15 produce. Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(b)(5)(A). Moreover, such privilege does not apply to documents that

16 were not prepared in anticipation of litigation or trial. Thus, as argued by defendant, plaintiff

17 must produce copies of documents related to plaintiff’s exhaustion of administrative remedies;

18 copies of the Form 22s plaintiff allegedly asked defendant to sign on October 25, 2016, and

19 November 1, 2016; and copies of documents related to the RVR that defendant filed against

20 plaintiff. In addition, if plaintiff has other documents supporting his retaliation claims, he must 21 provide copies to defendant. As explained above, the purpose of discovery is to avoid surprise;

22 therefore, both parties are entitled to see each other’s evidence in order to evaluate the case and

23 prepare for trial.

24 4. REASONABLE EXPENSE ORDER?

25 Rule 37(a)(5)(A) provides that if a motion to compel is granted, the court must, after

26 giving an opportunity to be heard, require the party whose conduct necessitated the motion, to pay 27 the movant’s reasonable expenses incurred in making the motion, including attorneys’ fees. But

28 the court must not order this payment if: 42 1 (i) the movant filed the motion before attempting in good faith to obtain the disclosure or discovery without court action; 2 (ii) the opposing party’s nondisclosure, response, or objection was 3 substantially justified; or

4 (iii) other circumstances make an award of expenses unjust.

6 Fed. R. Civ. P. 37(a)(5)(A). The rule does not require a party to be in violation of a court order,

7 only that the party’s conduct necessitated a meritorious motion to compel.

8 Here, the record reflects that plaintiff attempted to meet and confer, despite the court’s

9 order relieving the parties of an obligation to meet and confer under Local Rule 251. Plaintiff is

10 incarcerated and indigent, proceeding in forma pauperis. Both parties raised some appropriate

11 objections and some of their objections were overruled. Accordingly, the undersigned finds the

12 circumstances make an award of expenses unjust.

13 D. Plaintiff’s Request for Sanctions/Judicial Notice

14 Throughout his motion to compel, plaintiff requests sanctions, but fails to identify under

15 what authority he seeks such sanctions, and fails to demonstrate that the defendant’s objections or

16 responses warrant the imposition of sanctions. Plaintiff “reassert[s] his request for sanctions in

17 his request for judicial notice,” and requests “the harshest sanctions possible.” (ECF No. 63 at

18 16.)

19 In his request for judicial notice, plaintiff asks the court to take judicial notice of “facts”

20 plaintiff alleges demonstrate defense counsel committed perjury in connection with the delayed

21 discovery responses, and asks the court to issue a citation for contempt of court. Plaintiff relies

22 on Carrillo v. Gillespie, 2014 WL 1307454 (D. Nev. March 28, 2014), and People v. McCarthy,

23 198 Cal. Rptr. 3rd 741 (2016), claiming such cases demonstrate judicial notice may be taken of

24 “undisputed fact(s) ‘capable of an accurate, ready, determination through accurate sources.’”

25 (ECF No. 60 at 4.)

26 A “high degree of indisputability is the essential prerequisite” to taking judicial notice and

27 “the tradition [of taking judicial notice] has been one of caution in requiring that the matter be

28 beyond reasonable controversy.” Fed. R. Evid. 201(a) & (b) advisory committee’s notes. Thus, a 43 1 court may take judicial notice of undisputed facts contained in public records, but it may not take

2 judicial notice of disputed ones. Lee v. City of Los Angeles, 250 F.3d 668, 689-90 (9th Cir.

3 2001), overruled on other grounds by Galbraith v. Cty. of Santa Clara, 307 F.3d 1119, 1125-26

4 (9th Cir. 2002); Lee v. Bender, 2005 WL 1388968, at *8 (N.D. Cal. May 11, 2005) (“Court

5 filings and orders are the type of documents that are properly noticed under Federal Rule of

6 Evidence 201. Notice can be taken, however, ‘only for the limited purpose of recognizing the

7 judicial act that the order [or filing] represents on the subject matter of the litigation.’”) (quoting

8 United States v. Jones, 29 F.3d 1549, 1553 (11th Cir. 1994) (citation and internal quotation marks

9 omitted)).

10 Furthermore, “[a] court has power to adjudge in civil contempt any person who willfully

11 disobeys a specific and definite order requiring him to do or to refrain from doing an act.”

12 Shuffler v. Heritage Bank, 720 F.2d 1141, 1146 (9th Cir. 1983). To find contempt, there must be

13 clear and convincing evidence of a violation of a court order. Vertex Distributing, Inc. v. Falcon

14 Foam Plastics, Inc., 689 F.2d 885, 889 (9th Cir. 1982).

15 Nowhere in his request does plaintiff identify any such court order violated by defendant

16 or defendant’s counsel. Indeed, defendant received an extension of time, nunc pro tunc, in which

17 to respond to the discovery requests, and, upon reconsideration, the discovery deadline was

18 extended so that plaintiff would not be prejudiced by the extension of time. Moreover, in

19 Carrillo, the court stated that: “The Court cannot take judicial notice of truth or alleged perjury,

20 regarding these statements that municipal officials may or may not have made, because the facts 21 are “subject to reasonable dispute.” Carrillo, 2014 WL 1307454, *8. Contrary to plaintiff’s

22 claims, the “facts” plaintiff relies upon in his request are not the sort of indisputable facts

23 appropriate for judicial notice. Therefore, plaintiff’s request for judicial notice is denied.

24 Following review of the plaintiff’s discovery requests and defendant’s objections and

25 responses, the undersigned finds no basis to award sanctions.

26 IV. Conclusion 27 Since the filing of the motions at issue here, subsequent discovery has been propounded

28 and further discovery responses have been provided. In addition, plaintiff has been deposed. 44 1 Therefore, if a party has previously or subsequently provided the discovery responses ordered

2 herein, such party may simply provide the opposing party a declaration attesting to such

3 production or response.

4 Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that:

5 1. Plaintiff’s first motion to compel (ECF No. 63) is granted in part, and denied in part, as

6 follows:

7 A. In response to request for production of documents nos. 8 and 9 (set one),

8 defendant shall produce to plaintiff a copy of all sign-in sheets for the A/B yard law library and

9 the law library LLEDS computer terminals from October 1, 2016, through November 30, 2016.

10 Such sign-in sheets shall be unredacted, with the exception of any inmate who is a known enemy

11 of plaintiff. If a particular sign-in sheet has already been produced in unredacted form, defendant

12 need not re-produce such sign-in sheet.

13 B. In response to request for production of documents no. 7 (set two), defendant

14 shall produce to plaintiff copies of such emails, in order by date sent, making sure that Bates

15 numbers are not duplicated, and redacting first names, telephone numbers and social security

16 numbers. In all other respects, defendant’s objections are sustained and no additional production

17 is required to number 7.

18 C. In all other respects, plaintiff’s first motion to compel (ECF No. 63) is denied.

19 2. Defendant’s motion to compel (ECF No. 65) is granted in part, and denied in part, as

20 follows: 21 A. In response to Interrogatory No. 1, if a third inmate appeal exists as referenced

22 in plaintiff’s original response, plaintiff must identify such appeal.

23 B. In response to Interrogatory No. 3, plaintiff shall provide further responses in

24 which he specifically identifies any appeal, by number, that plaintiff contends he was unable to

25 fully exhaust, and, as to each such appeal, plaintiff must provide the facts and identify any

26 document supporting such contention. In response to request for production of documents Nos. 3 27 and 4, if plaintiff possesses, or is aware of, any document that supports his contention that he was

28 unable to fully exhaust any inmate appeal, plaintiff must identify and provide such document to 45 1 the defendant.

2 C. With regard to the 12 witnesses identified in plaintiff’s response to

3 interrogatory no. 6, plaintiff shall provide to defendant either the address and phone number for

4 each witness or, if the witness is incarcerated, plaintiff shall provide the CDCR number and name

5 of the prison where the witness is housed; no additional response to interrogatory 6 is required.

6 D. Plaintiff shall provide further responses to interrogatories nos. 9 and 10.

7 E. Plaintiff shall provide further responses to interrogatories nos. 13, 14, 15, 16,

8 17, 18, 19, 20, and 22 (identify documents only).

9 F. Plaintiff shall provide further responses to request for production of documents

10 nos. 5, 6, 9, and 10.

11 G. Defendant’s motion to compel further responses to request for admissions nos.

12 2, 5 and 10 is denied.

13 H. In all other respects, defendant’s motion is denied.

14 3. The discovery responses ordered above shall be accomplished within thirty days from

15 the date of this order.

16 4. Plaintiff’s requests for sanctions (ECF No. 63) and for judicial notice (ECF No. 60) are

17 denied.

18 Dated: August 14, 2019

20 /spen1828.mtc1 21

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