1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10
11 RANDY LANGLEY, ) Case No.: 1:16-cv-01299-BAK (HBK) ) 12 Plaintiff, ) PRETRIAL ORDER ) 13 v. ) Deadlines: ) 14 E. GARCIA, et al., ) Motions in Limine Filing: 10/14/2022 ) Oppositions to Motions in Limine: 10/21/2022 15 Defendants. ) Replies to Opposition: 10/31/2022 ) Hearing on Motions in Limine: 11/15/2022 16 ) Trial Submissions: 10/31/2022 ) 17 ) Jury trial: November 15, 2022 at 8:30 a.m. ) Robert E. Coyle United States Courthouse, 18 ) Courtroom 6; 2-3 days estimate
19 Plaintiff Randy Langley is a state prisoner proceeding pro se and in forma pauperis in this civil 20 rights action brought pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 against Defendants E. Garcia and G. Cook, asserting 21 excessive force claims arising under the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States 22 Constitution, occurring while Plaintiff was a pretrial detainee. 23 INTRODUCTION 24 On May 12, 2022, the court conducted a final pretrial conference by telephone. Plaintiff 25 Randy Langley appeared pro se; Amy I. Myers appeared as counsel for Defendants G. Cook and E. 26 Garcia. Shortly thereafter, due to concerns regarding Plaintiff’s then-temporary housing at Wasco 27 State Prison (see Doc. No. 90), the Court vacated the August 3, 2022, trial date and postponed 28 issuance of the final pretrial order until Plaintiff’s placement in a permanent California Department of 1 Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR) facility. (Doc. No. 91). Counsel for Defendants was directed 2 to file notice with the Court once Plaintiff was placed in permanent CDCR housing and a discovery 3 packet was delivered to Plaintiff. (Id.). 4 On June 27, 2022, Defendants filed a status report advising Plaintiff had been assigned to the 5 California Rehabilitation Center (CRC) and defense counsel would arrange for delivery of a duplicate 6 discovery packet through the litigation coordinator at CRC. (Doc. No. 92). On July 11, 2022, 7 Plaintiff filed a Notice of Change of Address reflecting his current address at CRC. (Doc. No. 93). In 8 that same filing, Plaintiff expressed an interest in participating in a settlement conference. (Id.). On 9 July 28, 2022, the Court issued a minute order directing defense counsel to file a status report no later 10 than August 5, 2022, concerning (1) whether a duplicate discovery packet was provided to Plaintiff; 11 (2) available trial dates; and (3) whether Defendants believed scheduling a settlement conference 12 would be productive. (Doc. No. 94). On August 5, 2022, Defendants filed a status report indicating a 13 duplicate discovery packet was mailed to Plaintiff at CRC on August 1, 2022, and a disk containing 14 facility videos was mailed to the litigation coordinator at CRC on August 2, 2022. (Doc. No. 95 at 1- 15 2). Further, Defendants provided the Court with possible trial dates in October 2022 through February 16 2023. (Id. at 2). Lastly, Defendants reported they did not believe a settlement conference would be 17 productive. (Id. at 3.) 18 Having considered the parties’ objections and positions, the Court issues this pretrial order. 19 A. JURISDICTION/VENUE 20 This Court has subject matter jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1331 and 1343. In addition, 21 the events giving rise to this action occurred in Visalia, California. Accordingly, venue is proper in 22 the United States District Court for the Eastern District of California. See 28 U.S.C. § 1391. 23 B. JURY TRIAL 24 The parties demanded a jury trial in this matter. (See Doc. No. 27 [Defendants’ Answer]; Doc. 25 No. 71 [Defendants’ Pretrial Statement]; Doc. No. 77 [Plaintiff’s Pretrial Statement].) The jury will 26 consist of eight jurors. 27 C. UNDISPUTED FACTS 28 Defendants assert the following facts are undisputed: 1 1. At the time of the events, Plaintiff was a pretrial detainee at the Tulare County Adult Pre- 2 Trial Facility. 3 2. At the time of the events, Defendant E. Garcia and G. Cook were employed by the Tulare 4 County Sheriff’s Department. 5 3. On October 15, 2015, Defendants Garcia and Cook responded to Plaintiff’s cell because 6 Plaintiff refused to get ready for court. 7 4. Defendant Garcia instructed Plaintiff to come down from his bunk and get ready, but 8 Plaintiff refused again. 9 5. After several commands, Plaintiff complied, and Defendant Garcia handcuffed him. 10 6. Defendant Garcia grabbed Plaintiff’s arm and assisted Plaintiff out of his cell door. 11 7. Defendant Garcia pushed Plaintiff to the wall. 12 8. Defendants Garcia and Cook took Plaintiff to the ground, with Defendant Cook using a 13 leg sweep. 14 9. Defendants Garcia and Cook then assisted Plaintiff to his feet and walked him to the 15 classification cell. 16 10. Plaintiff suffered swelling near his left eye and a cut on his bottom lip. 17 (Doc. No. 71 at 3). Plaintiff did not identify any undisputed facts in his pretrial statement. (See Doc. 18 No. 77). 19 D. DISPUTED FACTS 20 Defendants assert the following facts are disputed: 21 1. Whether there was a need for the use of some force against Plaintiff because he had 22 become aggressive and disruptive during an escort. 23 2. Whether the amount of force used was reasonably related to the need for that force. 24 3. Whether the absence of any serious injury resulting from the incident indicates that the 25 force was applied in a good-faith effort to maintain or restore discipline and was not 26 applied maliciously and sadistically to cause harm. 27 4. Whether the threat perceived by the responsible correctional deputies was significant. 28 5. Whether Defendants tempered the force that they used. 1 6. The nature and extent of Plaintiff’s injury. 2 7. The amount of Plaintiff’s compensatory damages, if any. 3 (Doc. No. 71 at 3-4). Plaintiff did not identify any facts he believes to be disputed. (See Doc. No. 77). 4 E. DISPUTED LEGAL ISSUES 5 Neither party identified any disputed legal issue. 6 F. DISPUTED EVIDENTIARY ISSUES/ MOTIONS IN LIMINE 7 The purpose of a motion in limine is to establish in advance of the trial that certain evidence 8 should not be offered at trial. “Although the Federal Rules of Evidence do not explicitly authorize in 9 limine rulings, the practice has developed pursuant to the district court’s inherent authority to manage 10 the course of trials.” Luce v. United States, 469 U.S. 38, 40 n. 2 (1984); Jonasson v. Lutheran Child 11 and Family Services, 115 F. 3d 436, 440 (7th Cir. 1997). The Court will grant a motion in limine, and 12 thereby bar use of the evidence in question, only if the moving party establishes that the evidence 13 clearly is not admissible for any valid purpose. Id. The Court does not encourage the filing of 14 motions in limine unless they are addressed to issues that can realistically be resolved by the court 15 prior to trial and without reference to the other evidence which will be introduced by the parties at 16 trial. 17 In advance of filing any motion in limine, counsel SHALL meet and confer to determine 18 whether they can resolve any disputes and avoid filing motions in limine. Along with their 19 motions in limine, the parties SHALL file a certification demonstrating counsel have in good 20 faith met and conferred and attempted to resolve the dispute. Failure to provide the 21 certification may result in the Court refusing to entertain the motion. 22 Any motions in limine must be filed with the Court no later than October 14, 2022. The 23 motion must clearly identify the nature of the evidence that the moving party seeks to prohibit the 24 other side from offering at trial. Any opposition to the motion must be served on the other party, and 25 filed with the Court no later than October 21, 2022, with any reply due no later than October 31, 26 2022. Upon receipt of any opposition briefs, the Court will notify the parties if it will hear argument 27 on any motions in limine on the first day of trial. 28 //// 1 Plaintiff: 2 Concerning disputed evidentiary issues, Plaintiff objects to the introduction of any prior or 3 criminal history “as unrelated and violation of right to fair [and] unbiased trial of civil matter which 4 Defendants are on trial for not myself.” (Doc. No. 77 at 2). Plaintiff objects to the introduction of 5 “Depositions of Lakeshia and Tavion[,] Lines 5 and 6 of Page 9 of Defendants Pre-Trial Statement, 6 matter was inside of institution [and] neither w[]ere a party or witness” to the incident. (Doc. No. 77 7 at 3). 8 Defendants: 9 Defendants have identified the following disputed evidentiary issues: 10 1. Defendants will seek to impeach Plaintiff by presenting evidence of prior felony 11 convictions and/or specific instances of conduct demonstrating a propensity to lie. 12 2. Defendants will also seek to impeach Plaintiff by presenting the deposition transcripts 13 of Plaintiff’s depositions taken August 27, 2019 by Tulare County Counsel, and March 14 14, 2017 by Longyear, O’Dea & Lavra, and Plaintiff’s Responses to Defendants’ 15 Special Interrogatories. 16 3. Defendants will object to the testimony of any witnesses offered by Plaintiff, other than 17 Plaintiff himself, as Plaintiff did not file a Pretrial Statement and identify any intended 18 witnesses. 19 4. Should any incarcerated witnesses testify, Defendants will seek to impeach such 20 witnesses by presenting evidence of prior felony convictions and/or specific instances 21 of conduct demonstrating propensity to lie. 22 5. Defendants will object to any exhibits offered by Plaintiff to the extent such exhibits 23 are unauthenticated hearsay for which there is no applicable hearsay exception. 24 6. Defendants will object to any discovery materials, declarations of the Defendants, and 25 declarations of inmate witnesses offered by Plaintiff as admissible evidence. These 26 materials may be used only to the extent permitted by the rules of evidence. 27 7. Without proof of an actual injury, Defendants will object to Plaintiff’s claim for 28 compensatory damages. 1 8. Without proof of an actual injury, Plaintiff’s claim is limited to nominal damages. 2 9. In the absence of proof from a medical expert, Plaintiff lacks competent medical 3 evidence to make out a prima facie case of whether he suffered any physical injury or 4 mental harm as a result of the alleged use of force and retaliation. Plaintiff can testify as 5 to what he experienced as a result of this incident; however, Plaintiff should be 6 precluded from offering any opinions or inferences to be drawn from these records. 7 (Doc. No. 71 at 4-5.) 8 G. SPECIAL FACTUAL INFORMATION 9 None. 10 H. RELIEF SOUGHT 11 Plaintiff 12 Plaintiff seeks “$15 million in relief.” (Doc. No. 77 at 4). 13 Defendant 14 Defendants Garcia and Cook seek judgment in their favor and costs incurred in this action. 15 I. POINTS OF LAW 16 Plaintiff 17 Plaintiff did not identify any points of law in his pretrial statement. (See generally Doc. No. 18 77). 19 Defendants 20 Defendants identify the following Points of Law concerning Use of Force under the Eighth and 21 Fourteenth Amendments: 22 1. The treatment a prisoner receives in prison and the conditions under which he is confined 23 are subject to scrutiny under the Eighth Amendment. Helling v. McKinney, 509 U.S. 25, 24 31 (1993). 25 2. The Fourteenth Amendment protects pretrial trial detainees from the use of excessive force 26 that amounts to punishment. Graham v. Connor, 490 U.S. 386, 395 (1989). 27 3. An inmate has the right to be free from cruel and unusual punishment, including physical 28 abuse by correctional officers. Hudson v. McMillian, 503 U.S. 1, 5 (1992) (citing Whitley 1 v. Albers, 475 U.S. 312, 317 (1986)). 2 4. Where prison officials stand accused of using excessive force in violation of the Eighth 3 Amendment, the core judicial inquiry is whether force was applied in a good-faith effort to 4 maintain or restore discipline, or maliciously and sadistically to cause harm. Id. 5 5. However, not every malevolent touch by a correctional officer gives rise to a federal cause 6 of action. Id. at 9. 7 6. The Eighth Amendment’s prohibition of cruel and unusual punishments necessarily 8 excludes from constitutional recognition de minimis uses of physical force, provide that the 9 use of force is not of a sort repugnant to the conscience of mankind. Id. at 9-10. 10 7. In determining whether the use of force was wanton and unnecessary, the trier of fact 11 should evaluate the need for the application of force, the relationship between that need and 12 the amount of force used, the extent of any injury inflicted, the threat reasonably perceived 13 by the responsible officials, and any efforts made to temper the severity of a forceful 14 response. Id. at 7. 15 8. The Eighth Amendment excessive force standard examines de minimis uses of force, not de 16 minimus injuries. Oliver v. Keller, 289 F.3d 623, 628 (9th Cir. 2002). 17 9. However, not every malevolent touch by a correctional officer gives rise to a federal cause 18 of action. Hudson, 503 U.S. at 9. The absence of serious injury is relevant to the Eighth 19 Amendment inquiry of whether the use of force was de minimis. Id. at 9-10. 20 10. Under the Fourteenth Amendment, a pretrial detainee must show that the force a prison 21 official purposely or knowingly used against him was objectively unreasonable. Kingsley 22 v. Hendrickson, 576 U.S. 389, 396-97 (2015). 23 11. Objective reasonableness turns on the perspective of a reasonable officer on the scene, 24 including what the officer knew at the time, not with the 20/20 vision of hindsight. Id. at 25 307. 26 12. The use of force is a good-faith effort to maintain or restore discipline is a legitimate 27 correctional goal. Id. at 397 (citing Bell v. Wolfish, 441 US. 520, 540, 547 (1979)). 28 13. The legitimate interests that stem from the government’s need to manage the detention 1 facility must be considered, appropriately deferring to policies and practices that in the 2 judgment of jail officials are needed to preserve internal order and discipline and to 3 maintain institutional security. Id. 4 14. Potentially relevant considerations as to the reasonableness of force used include, but are 5 not limited to: (1) the relationship between the need for the use of force and the amount of 6 force used; (2) the extent of the plaintiff’s injury; (3) any effort made by the officer to 7 temper or to limit the amount of force; (4) the severity of the security problem at issue; (5) 8 the threat reasonably perceived by the officer; and (6) whether the plaintiff was actively 9 resisting. Id. (citing Graham v. Connor, 490 U.S. 386, 396 (1989)). 10 15. When, as here, the prisoner seeks compensatory damages, the inquiry into causation must 11 be individualized and focus on the duties and responsibilities of each individual Defendant 12 whose acts or omissions are alleged to have caused a constitutional deprivation. Leer v. 13 Murphy, 844 F.2d 628, 633 (9th Cir. 1988). The causation inquiry requires Plaintiff to 14 prove specific facts as to each individual Defendant’s alleged violation of his Eighth 15 Amendment rights. Id. at 633-34. 16 16. The nature and extent of Plaintiff’s physical injury is in dispute. When witnesses, such as 17 Plaintiff, are not testifying as an expert, testimony in the form of opinions or inferences is 18 limited to those opinions or inferences which are not based on scientific, technical or other 19 specialized knowledge. See Fed. R. Evid. 701. Plaintiff has not identified any medical 20 expert witnesses, and there is nothing in the record indicating that he is qualified as an 21 expert medical witness. In the absence of proof from a medical expert, Plaintiff lacks 22 competent medical expertise to offer opinions or inferences as to the nature and extent of 23 his injury. 24 (Doc. No. 71 at 5-7.) 25 ANY CAUSES OF ACTION OR AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSES NOT EXPLICITLY 26 ASSERTED IN THE PRETRIAL ORDER UNDER POINTS OF LAW AT THE TIME IT 27 BECOMES FINAL ARE DISMISSED AND DEEMED WAIVED. 28 1 The Court 2 The Court points out that Plaintiff’s claim in this case alleges that defendants used excessive 3 force while he was a pretrial detainee, therefore violating Plaintiff’s rights under the Fourteenth not the 4 Eighth Amendment. (Doc. No. 19). Parties should ensure they understand the differences as well as 5 the interplay between excessive use of force under the Fourteenth Amendment versus excessive use of 6 force under the Eighth Amendment. Parties need to be cautious and make sure they use the 7 appropriate points of law as it relates to Plaintiff’s claim of excessive use of force under the 8 Fourteenth Amendment. The Court will consider parties’ points of law discussed supra. Additionally, 9 parties should consider the following points of law pertaining to using excessive use of force under the 10 Fourteenth Amendment: 11 1. To determine whether a pretrial detainee’s conditions of confinement satisfy the Constitution, 12 courts look to the substantive due process component of the Fourteenth Amendment. Jones v. 13 Blanas, 393 F.3d 918, 931-32 (9th Cir. 2004). 14 2. “[W]hen the state detains an individual on a criminal charge, that person, unlike a criminal 15 convict, may not be punished prior to an adjudication of guilt in accordance with due 16 process of law.” Id. at 931-32 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). 17 3. Individuals have a fundamental right to personal security, “[a]nd that right is not 18 extinguished by lawful confinement.” Youngberg v. Romeo, 457 U.S. 307, 315 (1982) 19 (citations omitted). 20 4. To prove that an officer’s use of force was constitutionally excessive, “a pretrial detainee must 21 show … that the force purposely or knowingly used against him was objectively unreasonable.” Kingsley v. Hendrickson, 576 U.S. 389, 396-97 (2015). 22 5. “A court must make [an objective reasonableness] determination from the perspective of a 23 reasonable officer on the scene, including what the officer knew at the time, not with the 20/20 24 vision of hindsight.” Id. at 397. (citation omitted). 25 6. Although the extent of injury is a factor that may be considered, the absence of significant 26 injury is not determinative. See Hudson v. McMillian, 503 U.S. 1, 4, 7 (1992) (holding that 27 serious injury is not necessary to establish excessive force under the Eighth Amendment). 28 1 J. ABANDONED ISSUES 2 None. 3 K. BURDEN OF PROOF 4 Plaintiff bears the burden of proof which is by a preponderance of evidence. “[W]hen a party 5 has the burden of proving any claim by a preponderance of the evidence, it means [the jury] must be 6 persuaded by the evidence that the claim is more probably true than not true.” 9th Circuit Model Civil 7 Jury Instruction 1.6 (2017) (modified). 8 L. WITNESSES 9 1. The following is a list of witnesses that the parties expect to call at trial, including 10 rebuttal and impeachment witnesses. NO WITNESS, OTHER THAN THOSE LISTED IN THIS 11 SECTION, MAY BE CALLED AT TRIAL UNLESS THE PARTIES STIPULATE OR UPON A 12 SHOWING THAT THIS ORDER SHOULD BE MODIFIED TO PREVENT “MANIFEST 13 INJUSTICE.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 16(e); Local Rule 281(b)(10). 14 Plaintiff’s Witnesses 15 Plaintiff intends on calling himself and will cross-examine the Defendants’ witnesses. 16 Defendants’ Witnesses 17 Tulare County Sheriff Correctional Sergeant Gilbert Rodriguez 18 Tulare County Sheriff Correctional Deputy Emanuel Garcia 19 Tulare County Sheriff Correctional Deputy Gary Cook 20 Tulare County Sheriff Correctional Deputy David Ramirez 21 Tulare County Sheriff Correctional Deputy Damien Turley 22 Tulare County Sheriff Correctional Deputy Jose Renteria 23 Benjamin Mitchell, MBA, Administrative Specialist, County of Tulare HHSA 24 Julie Hales, Registered Nurse, Corizon Health 25 Lakeshia James, 800 North G Street, Tulare, CA 93724 26 Tavion Langley, 800 North G Street, Tulare, CA 93724 27 //// 28 //// 1 2. The Court does not allow undisclosed witnesses to be called for any purpose, 2 including impeachment or rebuttal, unless they meet the following criteria: 3 a. The party offering the witness demonstrates that the witness is for the purpose of 4 rebutting evidence that could not be reasonably anticipated at the pretrial 5 conference, or 6 b. The witness was discovered after the pretrial conference and the proffering party 7 makes the showing required in paragraph B, below. 8 3. Upon the post pretrial discovery of any witness a party wishes to present at trial, the party 9 shall promptly inform the Court and opposing parties of the existence of the unlisted witnesses so the 10 Court may consider whether the witnesses shall be permitted to testify at trial. The witnesses will not be 11 permitted unless: 12 a. The witness could not reasonably have been discovered prior to the discovery cutoff; 13 b. The Court and opposing parties were promptly notified upon discovery of the 14 witness; 15 c. If time permitted, the party proffered the witness for deposition; and 16 d. If time did not permit, a reasonable summary of the witness’s testimony was provided 17 to opposing parties. 18 M. EXHIBITS, SCHEDULES, AND SUMMARIES 19 The following is a list of documents or other exhibits the parties expect to offer at trial. NO 20 EXHIBIT, OTHER THAN THOSE LISTED IN ATTACHMENTS A-C, MAY BE ADMITTED 21 UNLESS THE PARTIES STIPULATE OR UPON A SHOWING THAT THIS ORDER SHOULD BE 22 MODIFIED TO PREVENT “MANIFEST INJUSTICE.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 16(e); Local Rule 281(b)(11). 23 1. For a party to use an undisclosed exhibit for any purpose, they must meet the 24 following criteria: 25 a. The party proffering the exhibit demonstrates that the exhibit is for the purpose of 26 rebutting evidence that could not have been reasonably anticipated, or 27 b. The exhibit was discovered after the issuance of this order and the proffering party 28 makes the showing required in paragraph 2, below. 1 2. Upon the discovery of exhibits after the discovery cutoff, a party shall promptly inform 2 the Court and opposing parties of the existence of such exhibits so that the Court may consider their 3 admissibility at trial. The exhibits will not be received unless the proffering party demonstrates: 4 a. The exhibits could not reasonably have been discovered earlier; 5 b. The Court and the opposing parties were promptly informed of their existence; and 6 c. The proffering party forwarded a copy of the exhibits (if physically possible) to the 7 opposing party. If the exhibits may not be copied the proffering party must show that 8 it has made the exhibits reasonably available for inspection by the opposing parties. 9 Plaintiff’s Exhibits 10 Plaintiff did not identify any exhibits. Plaintiff is permitted to file an amended pretrial statement 11 no later than October 1, 2022. 12 Defendant’s Exhibits 13 1. DX 200: Tulare County Sheriff’s Incident Report #15-00012934 14 2. DX 201: Photos in Incident Report #15-00012934 15 3. DX 202: Jail Surveillance Video of the Incident in Report #15-00012934 16 4. DX 203: Plaintiff’s Citizen’s Complaint for the Incident dated July 13, 2016 17 5. DX 204: Tulare County Sheriff Response to Citizen’s Complaint dated August 17, 2016 18 6. DX 205: Plaintiff’s Government Tort Claim for the Incident dated January 5, 2018 19 7. DX 206: Corizon Health Care Encounter Forms dated December 2015 through January 20 2016 21 8. DX 207: Corizon Health Intake and Receiving Screening Form dated December 1, 2015 22 9. DX 208: Corizon Health Assessment Form dated January 27, 2016 23 10. DX 209: Tulare County Detention Facility Internal Consultation Form dated January 27, 24 2016 25 11. DX 210: Corizon Health Practitioner’s Orders Forms dated October 2015 through January 26 2016 27 12. DX 211: Corizon Health Services Request Forms dated December 2015 28 13. DX 212: Corizon Health Refusal of Clinical Services dated December 17, 2015 1 14. DX 213: Corizon Health Progress Notes dated January 2016 2 15. DX 214: Plaintiff’s Booking Photos and Jackets dated October 13 and December 1, 2015 3 16. DX 215: Corizon Health Intra-System Transfer Form dated July 13, 2016 4 17. DX 216: CDCR Medical Intake History, Physical, and Medical Classification dated July 5 2016 6 18. DX 217: CDCR Health Care Progress Notes dated August and September 2016 7 19. DX 218: CDCR Health Care Services Request Forms dated August and September 2016 8 The parties must exchange exhibits no later than October 18, 2022. On or before November 9 1, 2022, counsel SHALL meet and confer to discuss any disputes related to the above listed exhibits 10 and to pre-mark and examine each other’s exhibits. Any exhibits not previously disclosed in 11 discovery SHALL be provided via e-mail or overnight delivery so that it is received by the above 12 exhibit exchange deadline. 13 1. At the exhibit conference, counsel will determine whether there are objections to the 14 admission of each of the exhibits and will prepare separate indexes; one listing joint exhibits, one 15 listing Plaintiff’s exhibits and one listing Defendant’s exhibits. In advance of the conference, counsel 16 must have a complete set of their proposed exhibits in order to be able to fully discuss whether 17 evidentiary objections exist. Thus, any exhibit not previously provided in discovery SHALL be 18 provided at least five court days in advance of the exhibit conference. 19 2. At the conference, counsel shall identify any duplicate exhibits, i.e., any document 20 which both sides desire to introduce into evidence. These exhibits SHALL be marked as a joint exhibit 21 and numbered as directed above. Joint exhibits SHALL be admitted into evidence without further 22 foundation. 23 All joint exhibits will be pre-marked with numbers preceded by the designation “JT” (e.g. JT/1, 24 JT/2, etc.). Plaintiff’s exhibits will be pre-marked with numbers beginning with 1 by the designation 25 PX (e.g. PX1, PX2, etc.). Defendant’s exhibits will be pre-marked with numbers beginning with 501 26 preceded by the designation DX (e.g. DX501, DX502, etc.). The parties SHALL number each page of 27 any exhibit exceeding one page in length (e.g. PX1-1, PX1-2, PX1-3, etc.). 28 If originals of exhibits are unavailable, the parties may substitute legible copies. If any 1 document is offered that is not fully legible, the Court may exclude it from evidence. 2 Each joint exhibit binder shall contain an index which is placed in the binder before the 3 exhibits. The index shall consist of a column for the exhibit number, one for a description of the 4 exhibit and one column entitled “Admitted in Evidence” (as shown in the example below). 5 INDEX OF JOINT EXHIBITS 6 EXHIBIT# DESCRIPTION ADMITTED IN EVIDENCE 7
8 9 3. As to any exhibit which is not a joint exhibit but to which there is no objection to its 10 introduction, the exhibit will likewise be appropriately marked, i.e., as PX1, or as DX501 and will be 11 indexed as such on the index of the offering party. Such exhibits will be admitted upon introduction 12 and motion of the party, without further foundation. 13 4. Each exhibit binder shall contain an index which is placed in the binder before the 14 exhibits. Each index shall consist of the exhibit number, the description of the exhibit and the three 15 columns as shown in the example below. 16 INDEX OF EXHIBITS 17 EXHIBIT# DESCRIPTION ADMITTED OBJECTION OBJECTION IN FOUNDATION OTHER 18 EVIDENCE
20 21 5. On the index, as to exhibits to which the only objection is a lack of foundation, counsel 22 will place a mark under the column heading entitled “Objection Foundation.” 23 6. On the index, as to exhibits to which there are objections to admissibility that are not 24 based solely on a lack of foundation, counsel will place a mark under the column heading entitled 25 “Other Objections.” 26 7. As to each exhibit which is not objected to in the index, it shall be marked and received 27 into evidence and will require no further foundation. 28 After the exhibit conference, Plaintiff and counsel for the defendants SHALL develop four 1 complete, legible sets of exhibits. The parties SHALL deliver three sets of their exhibit binders to the 2 Courtroom Clerk and provide one set to their opponent, no later than 4:00 p.m., on November 10, 3 2022. Counsel SHALL determine which of them will also provide three sets of the joint exhibits to the 4 Courtroom Clerk. 5 7. The Parties SHALL number each page of any exhibit exceeding one page in length. 6 N. POST-TRIAL EXHIBIT RETENTION 7 Counsel who introduced exhibits at trial SHALL retrieve the original exhibits from the 8 courtroom deputy following the verdict in the case. The parties’ counsel SHALL retain possession of 9 and keep safe all exhibits until final judgment and all appeals are exhausted. 10 O. DISCOVERY DOCUMENTS1 11 The following is a list of discovery documents – portions of depositions, answers to 12 interrogatories, and responses to requests for admissions – that the parties expect to offer at trial. 13 NO DISCOVERY DOCUMENT, OTHER THAN THOSE LISTED IN THIS SECTION, MAY BE 14 ADMITTED UNLESS THE PARTIES STIPULATE OR UPON A SHOWING THAT THIS ORDER 15 SHOULD BE MODIFIED TO PREVENT “MANIFEST INJUSTICE.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 16(e); Local 16 Rule 281(b)(12). 17 Plaintiff’s Documents 18 Plaintiff did not identify any discovery documents. 19 Defendant’s Documents 20 1. Deposition of Lakeshia James, taken September 9, 2019 by Tulare County Counsel 21 2. Deposition of Tavion Langley, taken September 9, 2019 by Tulare County Counsel 22 P. FURTHER DISCOVERY OR MOTIONS 23 No further discovery is sought by either party. 24 Q. STIPULATIONS 25 Plaintiff does not identify any stipulation. 26 27 1 The parties SHALL identify to their opponent the specific documents they intend to use at trial. 28 Identifying “discovery responses” or “responses to interrogatories” is insufficient unless the documents will be used only for impeachment. 1 Defendants offer to stipulate to the “undisputed facts” listed in Section V of Defendants’ Pre- 2 Trial Statement, and to the admission of Defendants’ exhibits listed in Section XII of Defendants’ Pre- 3 Trial Statement. 4 R. AMENDMENTS/ DISMISSALS 5 None. 6 S. SETTLEMENT NEGOTIATIONS 7 On November 8, 2018, Plaintiff filed notice indicating an early settlement conference might 8 resolve the action. (Doc. No. 28). On December 6, 2018, the Court referred to matter to the post- 9 screening ADR project and issued a 90-day stay. (Doc. No. 29). On December 18, 2018, Defendants 10 filed notice indicating an early settlement conference was not likely to resolve the action. (Doc. No. 11 30). On January 16, 2019, the Court lifted the stay and directed the Clerk of the Court to issue a 12 discovery and scheduling order. (Doc. No. 31 [minute order]). 13 Plaintiff did not address settlement negotiations. Defendants indicate the parties are not 14 presently engaged in settlement negotiations. On May 12, 2022, both parties indicated at the final 15 pretrial conference that an additional settlement conference would not be a productive use of judicial 16 resources. Further, in the status report filed August 5, 2022, Defendants indicated their continued 17 belief that a settlement conference in this matter would not be productive. 18 T. AGREED STATEMENT 19 Plaintiff did not address an agreed statement. Defendants indicate there are no agreed statements 20 between the parties. The Court has drafted the following neutral statement of the case to be read to the 21 prospective jurors: 22 Plaintiff claims that while he was a pretrial detainee at the Tulare County Pre-Trial Adult Facility, Defendants Garcia and Cook used excessive force against him while removing Plaintiff 23 from his cell. Plaintiff claims Defendants Garcia and Cook caused him serious injury. Defendants Garcia and Cook deny they used excessive force in removing Plaintiff from his cell. 24 25 The parties are directed to raise any objection to this neutral statement of the case in any 26 objections they file to this tentative Pretrial Order. 27 U. SEPARATE TRIAL OF ISSUES 28 Plaintiff did not address or seek a separate trial of issues. Defendants do not request a separate 1 trial of any issues. 2 V. APPOINTMENT OF IMPARTIAL EXPERTS 3 Plaintiff did not address or seek the appointment of impartial experts. Defendants state neither 4 party has requested the use of impartial experts. 5 W. ATTORNEYS’ FEES 6 Plaintiff, who is proceeding pro se, is not entitled to attorney’s fees. Kay v. Ehrler, 499 U.S. 7 432, 435 (1991). 8 Defendants state they are not requesting attorney’s fees in this action. 9 X. HANDLING OF TRIAL EXHIBITS 10 If Defendants are required to disclose information concerning financial status, Defendants will 11 request that the Court issue a protective order concerning this information, under Local Rule 12 141.1(b)(2). 13 Y. TRIAL DATE/ ESTIMATED LENGTH OF TRIAL 14 Jury trial is set for November 15, 2022, at 8:30 a.m. before the Honorable Helena Barch- 15 Kuchta or the to be appointed Bakersfield Judge in Courtroom 6 of the Robert E. Coyle Federal 16 Courthouse, 2500 Tulare Street, Fresno, California. Trial is expected to last 2-3 days. 17 Z. TRIAL PREPARATION AND SUBMISSIONS 18 1. Trial Briefs 19 The parties are relieved of their obligation under Local Rule 285 to file trial briefs. If any party 20 wishes to file a trial brief, they must do so in accordance with Local Rule 285 and be filed on or before 21 October 31, 2022. 22 2. Jury Voir Dire 23 The parties are required to file their proposed voir dire questions, in accordance with Local 24 Rule 162.1, on or before October 31, 2022. 25 3. Jury Instructions & Verdict Form 26 Defendants SHALL file proposed jury instruction as provided in Local Rule 163 no later than 27 October 31, 2022. At the same time, the defense SHALL lodge via e-mail a copy of the joint jury 28 instructions and joint verdict form, in Word format, to HBKOrders@caed.uscourts.gov. If Plaintiff 1 || wishes to file proposed jury instructions or object to those proposed by Defendants, he must do so no 2 || later than November 7, 2022. In selecting proposed instructions, the parties shall use Ninth Circuit 3 || Model Civil Jury Instructions or California’s CACI instructions to the extent possible. All jury 4 || instructions and verdict forms shall indicate the party submitting the instruction or verdict form (i.e., 5 joint, plaintiffs, defendant’s, etc.), the number of the proposed instruction in sequence, a brief title fc 6 || the instruction describing the subject matter, the complete text of the instruction, and the legal 7 || authority supporting the instruction. Each instruction SHALL be numbered. 8 AA. OBJECTIONS TO PRETRIAL ORDER 9 Any party may, within 14 days after the date of service of this Order, file and serve written 10 || objections to any of the provisions set forth in this order. Each party is also granted 7 days thereafter | 11 respond to the other party’s objections. Such objections shall clearly specify the requested 12 || modifications, corrections, additions, or deletions. If no objections are filed, the order will become 13 || final without further order of this Court. 14 The parties are reminded that pursuant to Rule 16(e) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 15 || and Local Rule 283 of this Court, this order shall control the subsequent course of this action and sha 16 || be modified only to prevent manifest injustice. 17 ||BB. MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS 18 None. 19 |}CC. COMPLIANCE 20 Strict compliance with this order and its requirements is mandatory. All parties and their 21 || counsel are subject to sanctions, including dismissal or entry of default, for failure to fully comply 22 || with this order and its requirements. 23 nq Dated: _August 23, 2022 Mile. Wh. foareh fackte HELENA M. BARCH-KUCHTA 5 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 26 27 28 18