6 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 7 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 8
9 PAUL JORGENSON, Case No. 1:17-cv-00817-NONE-EPG (PC) 10 Plaintiff, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS, 11 RECOMMENDING THAT DEFENDANTS v. EMANUEL MEDICAL CENTER AND 12 JASPAL RANDHAWA’S MOTION TO RICHARD B. HAAK, M.D., et al., DISMISS/REQUEST FOR THE COURT TO Defendants. JURISDICTION BE GRANTED 14 (ECF NO. 117) 15 OBJECTIONS, IF ANY, DUE WITHIN
17 19 Paul Jorgenson (“Plaintiff”) is a federal prisoner proceeding pro se and in forma 20 pauperis in this case. This case now proceeds on Plaintiff’s Second Amended Complaint 21 (“SAC”), which was filed on July 12, 2018. (ECF No. 19). This case is proceeding on 22 Plaintiff’s state tort claims for medical negligence against defendants Haak, Randhawa, and 23 Emanuel Medical Center, and his state tort claims for battery against defendants Haak and 24 Emanuel Medical Center. (ECF No. 21, p. 2; ECF No. 95, p. 3; ECF No. 104, p. 2; ECF No. 25 105, p. 2). Plaintiff originally asserted federal claims in this case, but the federal claims were 26 dismissed on January 28, 2020 (ECF Nos. 104 & 105). 27 On May 13, 2020, defendants Emanuel Medical Center (“EMC”) and Jaspal Randhawa 28 (“Randhawa”) moved “the Court for an Order to dismiss this matter by declining supplemental 1 jurisdiction over the remaining state law claims and Defendants under Rule 12b(1) [sic] and 28 2 U.S.C. § 1367(c).” (ECF No. 117). Neither Plaintiff nor defendant Haak opposed or otherwise 3 responded to the motion. 4 For the reasons that follow, the undersigned will recommend that defendants EMC and 5 Randhawa’s motion be granted. 7 Defendants EMC and Randhawa argue that the Court should decline to exercise 8 supplemental jurisdiction because “the claims for supplemental jurisdiction predominate over 9 the original jurisdiction claims,” because “all federal defendants and claims have been 10 dismissed,” and because “[g]iven the judicial emergency [in the Eastern District of California], 11 exceptional circumstances would also warrant declining supplemental jurisdiction.” (ECF No. 12 117, pgs. 5-6). 14 “Federal courts are courts of limited jurisdiction.” Kokkonen v. Guardian Life Ins. Co. 15 of Am., 511 U.S. 375, 377 (1994). “Article III, § 2, of the Constitution delineates [t]he 16 character of the controversies over which federal judicial authority may extend. And lower 17 federal-court jurisdiction is further limited to those subjects encompassed within a statutory 18 grant of jurisdiction. Accordingly, the district courts may not exercise jurisdiction absent a 19 statutory basis.” Home Depot U. S. A., Inc. v. Jackson, 139 S. Ct. 1743, 1746 (2019) 20 (alteration in original) (citations and internal quotation marks omitted). 21 “In 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331 and 1332(a), Congress granted federal courts jurisdiction over 22 two general types of cases: cases that aris[e] under federal law and cases in which the amount 23 in controversy exceeds $ 75,000 and there is diversity of citizenship among the parties. These 24 jurisdictional grants are known as federal-question jurisdiction and diversity jurisdiction, 25 respectively. Each serves a distinct purpose: Federal-question jurisdiction affords parties a 26 federal forum in which to vindicate federal rights, whereas diversity jurisdiction provides a 27 neutral forum for parties from different States.” Home Depot, 139 S. Ct. at 1746 (alteration in 28 original) (citations and internal quotation marks omitted). 1 Additionally, “[e]xcept as provided in subsections (b) and (c) or as expressly provided 2 otherwise by Federal statute, in any civil action of which the district courts have original 3 jurisdiction, the district courts [] have supplemental jurisdiction over all other claims that are so 4 related to claims in the action within such original jurisdiction that they form part of the same 5 case or controversy under Article III of the United States Constitution. Such supplemental 6 jurisdiction shall include claims that involve the joinder or intervention of additional parties.” 7 28 U.S.C § 1367(a). 8 “The district courts may decline to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over a claim 9 under subsection (a) if-- 10 (1) the claim raises a novel or complex issue of State law, 11 (2) the claim substantially predominates over the claim or claims over which the district 12 court has original jurisdiction, 13 (3) the district court has dismissed all claims over which it has original jurisdiction, or 14 (4) in exceptional circumstances, there are other compelling reasons for declining 15 jurisdiction.” 16 28 U.S.C § 1367(c)(1)-(4). 17 “The court’s discretion to decline jurisdiction over state law claims is informed by the 18 values of judicial economy, fairness, convenience, and comity.” Snell v. Deutsche Bank Nat. 19 Tr. Co., 2015 WL 1440295, at *6 (E.D. Cal., Mar. 27, 2015) (citing Acri v. Varian Assocs., 20 Inc., 114 F.3d 999, 1001 (9th Cir. 1997) (en banc)). 22 Plaintiff has not opposed defendants EMC and Randhawa’s motion to dismiss/request 23 for the Court to decline supplemental jurisdiction. There does not appear to be a dispute that all 24 claims over which the Court had original jurisdiction have been dismissed. In light of this, the 25 issue is whether the Court should decline to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over the 26 remaining state law claims. The undersigned finds that it should. 27 The Court has been handling this case since 2017, and the case has been progressing. 28 The Court has screened the case (ECF Nos. 20 & 21), ruled on two motions to dismiss (ECF 1 Nos. 91, 93, 95 & 96), and issued findings and recommendations on the portions of the motions 2 to dismiss that were converted to motions for summary judgment (ECF No. 109). Thus, there 3 is at least some argument that judicial economy would be served by this Court exercising 4 supplemental jurisdiction over the remaining state law claims. 5 However, the federal claims were dismissed prior to the Court scheduling this case, at 6 least in part because Plaintiff failed to prosecute his federal claims. (ECF No. 98; ECF No. 101 7 pgs. 2-4; ECF No. 104; & ECF No. 105). Additionally, defendants EMC and Randhawa filed 8 their motion a little over three months after the federal claims were dismissed. While the Court 9 has scheduled the case, non-expert discovery is ongoing and no trial has been set. (ECF No. 10 112). Thus, overall, the federal claims were dismissed relatively early on in this case and 11 defendants EMC and Randhawa promptly requested the Court to consider declining to exercise 12 supplemental jurisdiction.1 13 Moreover, “[t]he Supreme Court has stated, and [the Ninth Circuit has] often repeated, 14 that ‘in the usual case in which all federal-law claims are eliminated before trial, the balance of 15 factors ... will point toward declining to exercise jurisdiction over the remaining state-law 16 claims.” Acri, 114 F.3d at 1001 (third alteration in original) (quoting Carnegie–Mellon Univ. 17 v. Cohill, 484 U.S. 343, 350 n. 7 (1988)). Here, neither Plaintiff nor defendant Haak has 18 pointed to anything suggesting that this is anything but the usual case.
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6 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 7 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 8
9 PAUL JORGENSON, Case No. 1:17-cv-00817-NONE-EPG (PC) 10 Plaintiff, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS, 11 RECOMMENDING THAT DEFENDANTS v. EMANUEL MEDICAL CENTER AND 12 JASPAL RANDHAWA’S MOTION TO RICHARD B. HAAK, M.D., et al., DISMISS/REQUEST FOR THE COURT TO Defendants. JURISDICTION BE GRANTED 14 (ECF NO. 117) 15 OBJECTIONS, IF ANY, DUE WITHIN
17 19 Paul Jorgenson (“Plaintiff”) is a federal prisoner proceeding pro se and in forma 20 pauperis in this case. This case now proceeds on Plaintiff’s Second Amended Complaint 21 (“SAC”), which was filed on July 12, 2018. (ECF No. 19). This case is proceeding on 22 Plaintiff’s state tort claims for medical negligence against defendants Haak, Randhawa, and 23 Emanuel Medical Center, and his state tort claims for battery against defendants Haak and 24 Emanuel Medical Center. (ECF No. 21, p. 2; ECF No. 95, p. 3; ECF No. 104, p. 2; ECF No. 25 105, p. 2). Plaintiff originally asserted federal claims in this case, but the federal claims were 26 dismissed on January 28, 2020 (ECF Nos. 104 & 105). 27 On May 13, 2020, defendants Emanuel Medical Center (“EMC”) and Jaspal Randhawa 28 (“Randhawa”) moved “the Court for an Order to dismiss this matter by declining supplemental 1 jurisdiction over the remaining state law claims and Defendants under Rule 12b(1) [sic] and 28 2 U.S.C. § 1367(c).” (ECF No. 117). Neither Plaintiff nor defendant Haak opposed or otherwise 3 responded to the motion. 4 For the reasons that follow, the undersigned will recommend that defendants EMC and 5 Randhawa’s motion be granted. 7 Defendants EMC and Randhawa argue that the Court should decline to exercise 8 supplemental jurisdiction because “the claims for supplemental jurisdiction predominate over 9 the original jurisdiction claims,” because “all federal defendants and claims have been 10 dismissed,” and because “[g]iven the judicial emergency [in the Eastern District of California], 11 exceptional circumstances would also warrant declining supplemental jurisdiction.” (ECF No. 12 117, pgs. 5-6). 14 “Federal courts are courts of limited jurisdiction.” Kokkonen v. Guardian Life Ins. Co. 15 of Am., 511 U.S. 375, 377 (1994). “Article III, § 2, of the Constitution delineates [t]he 16 character of the controversies over which federal judicial authority may extend. And lower 17 federal-court jurisdiction is further limited to those subjects encompassed within a statutory 18 grant of jurisdiction. Accordingly, the district courts may not exercise jurisdiction absent a 19 statutory basis.” Home Depot U. S. A., Inc. v. Jackson, 139 S. Ct. 1743, 1746 (2019) 20 (alteration in original) (citations and internal quotation marks omitted). 21 “In 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331 and 1332(a), Congress granted federal courts jurisdiction over 22 two general types of cases: cases that aris[e] under federal law and cases in which the amount 23 in controversy exceeds $ 75,000 and there is diversity of citizenship among the parties. These 24 jurisdictional grants are known as federal-question jurisdiction and diversity jurisdiction, 25 respectively. Each serves a distinct purpose: Federal-question jurisdiction affords parties a 26 federal forum in which to vindicate federal rights, whereas diversity jurisdiction provides a 27 neutral forum for parties from different States.” Home Depot, 139 S. Ct. at 1746 (alteration in 28 original) (citations and internal quotation marks omitted). 1 Additionally, “[e]xcept as provided in subsections (b) and (c) or as expressly provided 2 otherwise by Federal statute, in any civil action of which the district courts have original 3 jurisdiction, the district courts [] have supplemental jurisdiction over all other claims that are so 4 related to claims in the action within such original jurisdiction that they form part of the same 5 case or controversy under Article III of the United States Constitution. Such supplemental 6 jurisdiction shall include claims that involve the joinder or intervention of additional parties.” 7 28 U.S.C § 1367(a). 8 “The district courts may decline to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over a claim 9 under subsection (a) if-- 10 (1) the claim raises a novel or complex issue of State law, 11 (2) the claim substantially predominates over the claim or claims over which the district 12 court has original jurisdiction, 13 (3) the district court has dismissed all claims over which it has original jurisdiction, or 14 (4) in exceptional circumstances, there are other compelling reasons for declining 15 jurisdiction.” 16 28 U.S.C § 1367(c)(1)-(4). 17 “The court’s discretion to decline jurisdiction over state law claims is informed by the 18 values of judicial economy, fairness, convenience, and comity.” Snell v. Deutsche Bank Nat. 19 Tr. Co., 2015 WL 1440295, at *6 (E.D. Cal., Mar. 27, 2015) (citing Acri v. Varian Assocs., 20 Inc., 114 F.3d 999, 1001 (9th Cir. 1997) (en banc)). 22 Plaintiff has not opposed defendants EMC and Randhawa’s motion to dismiss/request 23 for the Court to decline supplemental jurisdiction. There does not appear to be a dispute that all 24 claims over which the Court had original jurisdiction have been dismissed. In light of this, the 25 issue is whether the Court should decline to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over the 26 remaining state law claims. The undersigned finds that it should. 27 The Court has been handling this case since 2017, and the case has been progressing. 28 The Court has screened the case (ECF Nos. 20 & 21), ruled on two motions to dismiss (ECF 1 Nos. 91, 93, 95 & 96), and issued findings and recommendations on the portions of the motions 2 to dismiss that were converted to motions for summary judgment (ECF No. 109). Thus, there 3 is at least some argument that judicial economy would be served by this Court exercising 4 supplemental jurisdiction over the remaining state law claims. 5 However, the federal claims were dismissed prior to the Court scheduling this case, at 6 least in part because Plaintiff failed to prosecute his federal claims. (ECF No. 98; ECF No. 101 7 pgs. 2-4; ECF No. 104; & ECF No. 105). Additionally, defendants EMC and Randhawa filed 8 their motion a little over three months after the federal claims were dismissed. While the Court 9 has scheduled the case, non-expert discovery is ongoing and no trial has been set. (ECF No. 10 112). Thus, overall, the federal claims were dismissed relatively early on in this case and 11 defendants EMC and Randhawa promptly requested the Court to consider declining to exercise 12 supplemental jurisdiction.1 13 Moreover, “[t]he Supreme Court has stated, and [the Ninth Circuit has] often repeated, 14 that ‘in the usual case in which all federal-law claims are eliminated before trial, the balance of 15 factors ... will point toward declining to exercise jurisdiction over the remaining state-law 16 claims.” Acri, 114 F.3d at 1001 (third alteration in original) (quoting Carnegie–Mellon Univ. 17 v. Cohill, 484 U.S. 343, 350 n. 7 (1988)). Here, neither Plaintiff nor defendant Haak has 18 pointed to anything suggesting that this is anything but the usual case. 19 Therefore, the undersigned will recommend that the Court decline to exercise 20 supplemental jurisdiction, that the remaining be dismissed without prejudice to Plaintiff 21 bringing the claims in state court, and that all other outstanding motions be denied without 22 prejudice. 24 Accordingly, IT IS RECOMMENDED that: 25 1. Defendants EMC and Randhawa’s motion to dismiss/request for the court to 26
27 1 At the scheduling conference on March 4, 2020, counsel for defendants EMC and Randhawa asked if 28 the Court was going to sua sponte consider supplemental jurisdiction, and the undersigned informed counsel that he should file a motion if he wanted the issue addressed. WOOD 4.4 FOUN LEON ENS VUITTON ere PAY VV
1 decline supplemental jurisdiction be granted; 2 2. The Court decline to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over the remaining 3 claims; 4 3. The remaining claims be dismissed without prejudice to Plaintiff bringing the 5 claims in state court; 6 4. All other outstanding motions be denied without prejudice; and 7 5. The Clerk of Court be directed to close this case. 8 These findings and recommendations are submitted to the United States district judge 9 |] assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of Title 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(). Within fourteen 10 days after being served with these findings and recommendations, any party may file 11 || written objections with the court. Such a document should be captioned “Objections to 12 || Magistrate Judge’s Findings and Recommendations.” Any reply to the objections shall be 13 |] served and filed within seven (7) days after service of the objections. The parties are advised 14 || that failure to file objections within the specified time may result in the waiver of rights on 15 ||appeal. Wilkerson v. Wheeler, 772 F.3d 834, 838-39 (9th Cir. 2014) (citing Baxter v. Sullivan, 16 F.2d 1391, 1394 (9th Cir. 1991)). 17 ‘9 |! Dated: _ June 29, 2020 [sf ey — 20 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28