1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 DEMETROIS T. DIXSON, No. 2:20-cv-00998-CKD P 12 Plaintiff, 13 v. ORDER 14 BETHLEHEM ASHEME HAILE, et al., 15 Defendants. 16 17 Plaintiff is appearing pro se and in forma pauperis in this civil rights action pursuant to 42 18 U.S.C. § 1983. This matter was referred to a United States Magistrate Judge pursuant to 28 19 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1) and Local Rule 302. 20 Plaintiff has submitted a declaration that makes the showing required by 28 U.S.C. § 21 1915(a). Accordingly, the request to proceed in forma pauperis will be granted. Plaintiff is 22 required to pay the statutory filing fee of $350.00 for this action. 28 U.S.C. §§ 1914(a), 23 1915(b)(1). By separate order, the court will direct the appropriate agency to collect twenty 24 percent of the preceding month’s income credited to plaintiff’s prison trust account and forward it 25 to the Clerk of the Court each time the amount in plaintiff’s account exceeds $10.00, until the 26 filing fee is paid in full. 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(2). 27 I. Screening Requirement 28 The court is required to screen complaints brought by prisoners seeking relief against a 1 governmental entity or officer or employee of a governmental entity. 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(a). The 2 court must dismiss a complaint or portion thereof if the prisoner has raised claims that are legally 3 “frivolous or malicious,” that fail to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, or that seek 4 monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief. 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b)(1), (2). 5 A claim is legally frivolous when it lacks an arguable basis either in law or in fact. 6 Neitzke v. Williams, 490 U.S. 319, 325 (1989); Franklin v. Murphy, 745 F.2d 1221, 1227-28 (9th 7 Cir. 1984). The court may, therefore, dismiss a claim as frivolous where it is based on an 8 indisputably meritless legal theory or where the factual contentions are clearly baseless. Neitzke, 9 490 U.S. at 327. The critical inquiry is whether a constitutional claim, however inartfully 10 pleaded, has an arguable legal and factual basis. See Jackson v. Arizona, 885 F.2d 639, 640 (9th 11 Cir. 1989); Franklin, 745 F.2d at 1227. 12 In order to avoid dismissal for failure to state a claim a complaint must contain more than 13 “naked assertions,” “labels and conclusions” or “a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause 14 of action.” Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555-557 (2007). In other words, 15 “[t]hreadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported by mere conclusory 16 statements do not suffice.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009). Furthermore, a claim 17 upon which the court can grant relief has facial plausibility. Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570. “A 18 claim has facial plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw 19 the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.” Iqbal, 556 U.S. 20 at 678. When considering whether a complaint states a claim upon which relief can be granted, 21 the court must accept the allegations as true, Erickson v. Pardus, 551 U.S. 89, 93-94 (2007), and 22 construe the complaint in the light most favorable to the plaintiff, see Scheuer v. Rhodes, 416 23 U.S. 232, 236 (1974). 24 II. Allegations in the Complaint 25 At all times relevant to the allegations in the complaint, plaintiff was an inmate at the 26 California Medical Facility (“CMF”). Plaintiff experienced recurring episodes of profuse 27 bleeding from his lips. In February 2019, plaintiff was examined by defendant Haile, his primary 28 care provider, who “indicated that plaintiff was lying about his condition or hallucinating his 1 symptom of bleeding.” ECF No. 1 at 12. Defendant Haile refused to provide plaintiff with any 2 further medical attention and refused to refer him to a specialist to determine the cause of the 3 bleeding. Defendant Singsonganitano, a registered nurse, reviewed every medical request form 4 that plaintiff submitted for his bleeding lips. Defendant Singsonganitano improperly diagnosed 5 plaintiff’s condition and consistently advised him that his lips were just chapped and that he 6 needed to drink more water. Plaintiff further alleges that defendant Austin, the Chief Executive 7 Officer at CMF, “failed in her duty to fact-find and remedy plaintiff’s trauma, pain and suffering” 8 when she reviewed his health care grievance related to this medical problem. ECF No. 1 at 16. 9 Plaintiff’s lip condition was finally diagnosed as arterio-venous malformation (“AVM”) which 10 required surgery. As a result of the improper diagnosis and delay in treatment, plaintiff requests 11 compensatory and punitive damages. 12 III. Legal Standards 13 Denial or delay of medical care for a prisoner’s serious medical needs may constitute a 14 violation of the prisoner’s Eighth and Fourteenth Amendment rights. Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 15 97, 104-05 (1976). An individual is liable for such a violation only when the individual is 16 deliberately indifferent to a prisoner’s serious medical needs. Id.; see Jett v. Penner, 439 F.3d 17 1091, 1096 (9th Cir. 2006); Hallett v. Morgan, 296 F.3d 732, 744 (9th Cir. 2002); Lopez v. 18 Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1131-32 (9th Cir. 2000). 19 In the Ninth Circuit, the test for deliberate indifference consists of two parts. Jett, 439 20 F.3d at 1096, citing McGuckin v. Smith, 974 F.2d 1050 (9th Cir. 1991), overruled on other 21 grounds by WMX Techs., Inc. v. Miller, 104 F.3d 1133 (9th Cir. 1997) (en banc). First, the 22 plaintiff must show a “serious medical need” by demonstrating that “failure to treat a prisoner’s 23 condition could result in further significant injury or the ‘unnecessary and wanton infliction of 24 pain.’” Id., citing Estelle, 429 U.S. at 104. “Examples of serious medical needs include ‘[t]he 25 existence of an injury that a reasonable doctor or patient would find important and worthy of 26 comment or treatment; the presence of a medical condition that significantly affects an 27 individual’s daily activities; or the existence of chronic and substantial pain.’” Lopez, 203 F. 3d 28 at 1131-1132, citing McGuckin, 974 F.2d at 1059-60. 1 Second, the plaintiff must show the defendant’s response to the need was deliberately 2 indifferent. Jett, 439 F.3d at 1096. This second prong is satisfied by showing (a) a purposeful act 3 or failure to respond to a prisoner’s pain or possible medical need and (b) harm caused by the 4 indifference. Id.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 DEMETROIS T. DIXSON, No. 2:20-cv-00998-CKD P 12 Plaintiff, 13 v. ORDER 14 BETHLEHEM ASHEME HAILE, et al., 15 Defendants. 16 17 Plaintiff is appearing pro se and in forma pauperis in this civil rights action pursuant to 42 18 U.S.C. § 1983. This matter was referred to a United States Magistrate Judge pursuant to 28 19 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1) and Local Rule 302. 20 Plaintiff has submitted a declaration that makes the showing required by 28 U.S.C. § 21 1915(a). Accordingly, the request to proceed in forma pauperis will be granted. Plaintiff is 22 required to pay the statutory filing fee of $350.00 for this action. 28 U.S.C. §§ 1914(a), 23 1915(b)(1). By separate order, the court will direct the appropriate agency to collect twenty 24 percent of the preceding month’s income credited to plaintiff’s prison trust account and forward it 25 to the Clerk of the Court each time the amount in plaintiff’s account exceeds $10.00, until the 26 filing fee is paid in full. 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(2). 27 I. Screening Requirement 28 The court is required to screen complaints brought by prisoners seeking relief against a 1 governmental entity or officer or employee of a governmental entity. 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(a). The 2 court must dismiss a complaint or portion thereof if the prisoner has raised claims that are legally 3 “frivolous or malicious,” that fail to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, or that seek 4 monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief. 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b)(1), (2). 5 A claim is legally frivolous when it lacks an arguable basis either in law or in fact. 6 Neitzke v. Williams, 490 U.S. 319, 325 (1989); Franklin v. Murphy, 745 F.2d 1221, 1227-28 (9th 7 Cir. 1984). The court may, therefore, dismiss a claim as frivolous where it is based on an 8 indisputably meritless legal theory or where the factual contentions are clearly baseless. Neitzke, 9 490 U.S. at 327. The critical inquiry is whether a constitutional claim, however inartfully 10 pleaded, has an arguable legal and factual basis. See Jackson v. Arizona, 885 F.2d 639, 640 (9th 11 Cir. 1989); Franklin, 745 F.2d at 1227. 12 In order to avoid dismissal for failure to state a claim a complaint must contain more than 13 “naked assertions,” “labels and conclusions” or “a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause 14 of action.” Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555-557 (2007). In other words, 15 “[t]hreadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported by mere conclusory 16 statements do not suffice.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009). Furthermore, a claim 17 upon which the court can grant relief has facial plausibility. Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570. “A 18 claim has facial plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw 19 the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.” Iqbal, 556 U.S. 20 at 678. When considering whether a complaint states a claim upon which relief can be granted, 21 the court must accept the allegations as true, Erickson v. Pardus, 551 U.S. 89, 93-94 (2007), and 22 construe the complaint in the light most favorable to the plaintiff, see Scheuer v. Rhodes, 416 23 U.S. 232, 236 (1974). 24 II. Allegations in the Complaint 25 At all times relevant to the allegations in the complaint, plaintiff was an inmate at the 26 California Medical Facility (“CMF”). Plaintiff experienced recurring episodes of profuse 27 bleeding from his lips. In February 2019, plaintiff was examined by defendant Haile, his primary 28 care provider, who “indicated that plaintiff was lying about his condition or hallucinating his 1 symptom of bleeding.” ECF No. 1 at 12. Defendant Haile refused to provide plaintiff with any 2 further medical attention and refused to refer him to a specialist to determine the cause of the 3 bleeding. Defendant Singsonganitano, a registered nurse, reviewed every medical request form 4 that plaintiff submitted for his bleeding lips. Defendant Singsonganitano improperly diagnosed 5 plaintiff’s condition and consistently advised him that his lips were just chapped and that he 6 needed to drink more water. Plaintiff further alleges that defendant Austin, the Chief Executive 7 Officer at CMF, “failed in her duty to fact-find and remedy plaintiff’s trauma, pain and suffering” 8 when she reviewed his health care grievance related to this medical problem. ECF No. 1 at 16. 9 Plaintiff’s lip condition was finally diagnosed as arterio-venous malformation (“AVM”) which 10 required surgery. As a result of the improper diagnosis and delay in treatment, plaintiff requests 11 compensatory and punitive damages. 12 III. Legal Standards 13 Denial or delay of medical care for a prisoner’s serious medical needs may constitute a 14 violation of the prisoner’s Eighth and Fourteenth Amendment rights. Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 15 97, 104-05 (1976). An individual is liable for such a violation only when the individual is 16 deliberately indifferent to a prisoner’s serious medical needs. Id.; see Jett v. Penner, 439 F.3d 17 1091, 1096 (9th Cir. 2006); Hallett v. Morgan, 296 F.3d 732, 744 (9th Cir. 2002); Lopez v. 18 Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1131-32 (9th Cir. 2000). 19 In the Ninth Circuit, the test for deliberate indifference consists of two parts. Jett, 439 20 F.3d at 1096, citing McGuckin v. Smith, 974 F.2d 1050 (9th Cir. 1991), overruled on other 21 grounds by WMX Techs., Inc. v. Miller, 104 F.3d 1133 (9th Cir. 1997) (en banc). First, the 22 plaintiff must show a “serious medical need” by demonstrating that “failure to treat a prisoner’s 23 condition could result in further significant injury or the ‘unnecessary and wanton infliction of 24 pain.’” Id., citing Estelle, 429 U.S. at 104. “Examples of serious medical needs include ‘[t]he 25 existence of an injury that a reasonable doctor or patient would find important and worthy of 26 comment or treatment; the presence of a medical condition that significantly affects an 27 individual’s daily activities; or the existence of chronic and substantial pain.’” Lopez, 203 F. 3d 28 at 1131-1132, citing McGuckin, 974 F.2d at 1059-60. 1 Second, the plaintiff must show the defendant’s response to the need was deliberately 2 indifferent. Jett, 439 F.3d at 1096. This second prong is satisfied by showing (a) a purposeful act 3 or failure to respond to a prisoner’s pain or possible medical need and (b) harm caused by the 4 indifference. Id. Under this standard, the prison official must not only “be aware of facts from 5 which the inference could be drawn that a substantial risk of serious harm exists,” but that person 6 “must also draw the inference.” Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 837 (1994). This “subjective 7 approach” focuses only “on what a defendant’s mental attitude actually was.” Id. at 839. A 8 showing of merely negligent medical care is not enough to establish a constitutional violation. 9 Frost v. Agnos, 152 F.3d 1124, 1130 (9th Cir. 1998), citing Estelle, 429 U.S. at 105-106. A 10 difference of opinion about the proper course of treatment is not deliberate indifference, nor does 11 a dispute between a prisoner and prison officials over the necessity for or extent of medical 12 treatment amount to a constitutional violation. See, e.g., Toguchi v. Chung, 391 F.3d 1051, 1058 13 (9th Cir. 2004); Sanchez v. Vild, 891 F.2d 240, 242 (9th Cir. 1989). Furthermore, mere delay of 14 medical treatment, “without more, is insufficient to state a claim of deliberate medical 15 indifference.” Shapley v. Nev. Bd. of State Prison Comm’rs, 766 F.2d 404, 407 (9th Cir. 1985). 16 Where a prisoner alleges that delay of medical treatment evinces deliberate indifference, the 17 prisoner must show that the delay caused “significant harm and that Defendants should have 18 known this to be the case.” Hallett, 296 F.3d at 745-46; see McGuckin, 974 F.2d at 1060. 19 IV. Analysis 20 After conducting the required screening, the court finds that this case may proceed 21 against defendants Haile and Singsonganitano for claims of deliberate indifference to plaintiff’s 22 serious medical needs in violation of the Eighth Amendment. With respect to the Eighth 23 Amendment claim against defendant Austin, plaintiff fails to state a claim for which relief can be 24 granted. The attachments to plaintiff’s complaint demonstrate that defendant Austin reviewed his 25 health care grievance on October 31, 2019, after plaintiff was already diagnosed with an AVM 26 and approved for treatment at the procedure clinic. ECF No. 1 at 58-60. Therefore, it does not 27 appear that defendant Austin was responsible for the delay in properly diagnosing or treating 28 plaintiff’s lip condition. Plaintiff may elect to proceed immediately on the Eighth Amendment 1 claims against defendants Haile and Singsonganitano; or, in the alternative, plaintiff may elect to 2 amend his complaint to attempt to cure the deficiencies with respect to the remaining defendant. 3 See Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1126–27 (9th Cir. 2000) (en banc) (district courts must afford 4 pro se litigants an opportunity to amend to correct any deficiency in their complaints). If plaintiff 5 chooses to proceed on the Eighth Amendment claims found cognizable in this screening order, 6 the court will construe this as a request to voluntarily dismiss the additional claim and defendant 7 pursuant to Rule 41(a)(1)(i) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. 8 If plaintiff chooses to file an amended complaint, plaintiff must demonstrate how the 9 conditions complained of have resulted in a deprivation of plaintiff’s constitutional rights. See 10 Ellis v. Cassidy, 625 F.2d 227 (9th Cir. 1980). Also, in his amended complaint, plaintiff must 11 allege in specific terms how each named defendant is involved. There can be no liability under 12 42 U.S.C. § 1983 unless there is some affirmative link or connection between a defendant’s 13 actions and the claimed deprivation. Rizzo v. Goode, 423 U.S. 362 (1976). Furthermore, vague 14 and conclusory allegations of official participation in civil rights violations are not sufficient. 15 Ivey v. Board of Regents, 673 F.2d 266, 268 (9th Cir. 1982). 16 Finally, plaintiff is informed that the court cannot refer to a prior pleading in order to 17 make plaintiff’s amended complaint complete. Local Rule 220 requires that an amended 18 complaint be complete in itself without reference to any prior pleading. This is because, as a 19 general rule, an amended complaint supersedes the original complaint. See Loux v. Rhay, 375 20 F.2d 55, 57 (9th Cir. 1967). Once plaintiff files an amended complaint, the original pleading no 21 longer serves any function in the case. Therefore, in an amended complaint, as in an original 22 complaint, each claim and the involvement of each defendant must be sufficiently alleged. 23 V. Plain Language Summary for Pro Se Party 24 The following information is meant to explain this order in plain English and is not 25 intended as legal advice. 26 Some of the allegations in the complaint state claims for relief against the defendants, and 27 some do not. You may choose to file an amended complaint to try to fix these problems. You 28 must decide if you want to (1) proceed immediately on the Eighth Amendment deliberate 2 EUV YY OU INE MMVI OI Ie PAY OV Ve
1 | indifference claims against defendants Haile and Singsonganitano; or, (2) try to amend the 2 | complaint to fix the problems identified in this order with respect to defendant Austin. Once you 3 | decide, you must complete the attached Notice of Election form by checking only one of the 4 | appropriate boxes and return it to the court. 5 Once the court receives the Notice of Election, it will issue an order telling you what you 6 | need to do next (i.e. file an amended complaint or wait for the defendants to be served with a 7 | copy of the complaint). If you do not return this Notice, the court will order service of the 8 | complaint only on the claims found cognizable in this screening order and will recommend 9 | dismissing the remaining claims. 10 Accordingly, it is HEREBY ORDERED that: 11 1. Plaintiff's motion for leave to proceed in forma pauperis (ECF No. 2) is granted. 12 2. Plaintiff is obligated to pay the statutory filing fee of $350.00 for this action. Plaintiff 13 | is assessed an initial partial filing fee in accordance with the provisions of 28 U.S.C. 14 § 1915¢b)(1). All fees shall be collected and paid in accordance with this court’s order to the 15 | California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation filed concurrently herewith. 16 3. Plaintiff has the option to proceed immediately on the Eighth Amendment deliberate 17 | indifference claims against defendants Haile and Singsonganitano; or, plaintiff may choose to 18 || amend the complaint to fix the deficiencies identified in this order with respect to defendant 19 | Austin. 20 4. Within 21 days from the date of this order, plaintiff shall complete and return the 21 | attached Notice of Election form notifying the court whether he wants to proceed on the screened 22 || complaint or whether he wants time to file a first amended complaint. 23 5. If plaintiff fails to return the attached Notice of Election within the time provided, the 24 | court will construe this failure as consent to dismiss the deficient claims and proceed only on the 25 || cognizable claims identified above. 26 | Dated: October 6, 2020 dp. A. fe 7 CAROLYN K DELANEY 28 || 12/dixs0998.eService+F&R.docx UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 DEMETROIS T. DIXSON., 12 Plaintiff, No. 2:20-CV-00775-KJM-CKD 13 v. NOTICE OF ELECTION 14 BETHLEHEM ASHEME HAILE, et al., 15 Defendants. 16 Check only one option: 17 _____ Plaintiff wants to proceed immediately on the Eighth Amendment deliberate indifference 18 claims against defendants Haile and Singsonganitano. Plaintiff voluntarily dismisses the 19 remaining defendant; or, 20 _____ Plaintiff wants time to file a first amended complaint. 21 22 DATED: 23 24 ____________________ Plaintiff 25
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