1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10
11 GUILLERMO TRUJILLO CRUZ, ) Case No.: 1:21-cv-01162-SAB (PC) ) 12 Plaintiff, ) ) ORDER DIRECTING CLERK OF COURT TO 13 v. ) RANDOMLY ASSIGN A DISTRICT JUDGE TO THIS ACTION 14 T. MATA, et al., ) ) FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 15 Defendants. ) RECOMMENDING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION TO ) PROCEED IN FORMA PAUPERIS BE DENIED 16 ) ) (ECF No. 2) 17 )
18 Plaintiff Guillermo Trujillo Cruz is proceeding pro se in this civil rights action pursuant to 42 19 U.S.C. § 1983. 20 Plaintiff filed the instant action on July 1, 2021.1 (ECF No. 1.) Plaintiff has not paid the filing 21 fee or submitted an application to proceed in forma pauperis pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915. For the 22 reasons discussed below, the Court recommends that Plaintiff not be allowed to proceed in forma 23 pauperis and that Plaintiff instead be required to pay the filing fee if he wishes to proceed with this 24 action. 25 26 1 Under the mailbox rule, a prisoner's pleading is “deemed filed when he hands it over to prison authorities for mailing to 27 the relevant court.” Houston v. Lack, 487 U.S. 266, 276 (1988); Douglas v. Noelle, 567 F.3d 1103, 1109 (9th Cir. 2009); Huizar v. Carey, 273 F.3d 1220, 1222 (9th Cir. 2001). 28 1 I. 2 DISCUSSION 3 The Prison Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (PLRA) was enacted “to curb frivolous prisoner 4 complaints and appeals.” Silva v. Di Vittorio, 658 F.3d 1090, 1099-1100 (9th Cir. 2011). Pursuant to 5 the PLRA, the in forma pauperis statue was amended to include section 1915(g), a non-merits related 6 screening device which precludes prisoners with three or more “strikes” from proceeding in forma 7 pauperis unless they are under imminent danger of serious physical injury. 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g); 8 Andrews v. Cervantes, 493 F.3d 1047, 1050 (9th Cir. 2007). The statute provides that “[i]n no event 9 shall a prisoner bring a civil action … under this section if the prisoner has, on 3 or more prior occasions, 10 while incarcerated or detained in any facility, brought an action or appeal in a court of the United States 11 that was dismissed on the grounds that it is frivolous, malicious, or fails to state a claim upon which 12 relief may be granted, unless the prisoner is under imminent danger of serious physical injury.” 28 13 U.S.C. § 1915(g). 14 A review of the actions filed by Plaintiff reveals that he is subject to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g) and is 15 precluded from proceeding in forma pauperis unless Plaintiff, was, at the time the complaint was filed, 16 under imminent danger of serious physical injury. The Court takes judicial notice of the following cases: 17 (1) Trujillo v. Sherman, Case No. 1:14-cv-01401-BAM (E.D. Cal.) (dismissed on April 24, 2015 for 18 failure to state a claim); aff’d Case No. 15-15952 (9th Cir. May 6, 2016); (2) Trujillo v. Ruiz, No. 1:14- 19 cv-00975-SAB (E.D. Cal.) (dismissed on January 6, 2016 for failure to state a claim), aff’d, Case No. 20 16-15101 (9th Cir. December 15, 2017); (3) Cruz v. Gomez, Case No. 1:15-cv-00859-EPG (E.D. Cal.) 21 (dismissed on February 3, 2017 for failure to state a claim), aff’d, Case No. 17-15358 (9th Cir. October 22 25, 2017); and (4) Trujillo v. Gonzalez-Moran, Case No. 17-15200 (9th Cir.) (dismissed on August 21, 23 2017 as frivolous). Plaintiff has been informed in other cases that he is subject to § 1915(g). See Cruz 24 v. Leyva, 1:18-cv-00399-LJO-GSA (PC) (E.D. Cal. May 24, 2018) (finding plaintiff subject to § 25 1915(g) and dismissing action for failure to pay the filing fee); see also Cruz v. Pfeiffer, 1:20-cv-01522- 26 AWI-SAB (PC) (E.D. Cal. Apr. 28, 2021 (same). 27 The issue now becomes whether Plaintiff has met the imminent danger exception, which 28 requires Plaintiff to show that he is under (1) imminent danger of (2) serious physical injury and which 1 turns on the conditions he faced at the time he filed his complaint on July 1, 2021. Andrews, 493 F.3d 2 at 1053-1056. Conditions which posed imminent danger to Plaintiff at some earlier time are 3 immaterial, as are any subsequent conditions. Id. at 1053. While the injury is merely procedural 4 rather than a merits-based review of the claims, the allegations of imminent danger must still be 5 plausible. Id. at 1055. Thus, the availability of this “imminent danger” exception “turns on the 6 conditions a prisoner faced at the time the complaint was filed, not at some earlier or later time.” 7 Andrews, 493 F.3d at 1053. The imminent danger exception is available “for genuine emergencies,” 8 where “time is pressing” and “a threat ... is real and proximate.” Lewis v. Sullivan, 279 F.3d 526, 531 9 (7th Cir. 2002). “[V]ague and utterly conclusory assertions” of harm are insufficient. White v. 10 Colorado, 157 F.3d 1226, 1231–32 (10th Cir. 1998). “Imminent danger of serious physical injury must 11 be a real, present threat, not merely speculative or hypothetical.” Blackman v. Mjening, No. 12 116CV01421LJOGSAPC, 2016 WL 5815905, at *1 (E.D. Cal. Oct. 4, 2016). To meet his burden 13 under § 1915(g), a plaintiff must provide “specific fact allegations of ongoing serious physical injury, 14 or a pattern of misconduct evidencing the likelihood of imminent serious physical injury.” Martin v. 15 Shelton, 319 F.3d 1048, 1050 (8th Cir. 2003). 16 Here, the Court finds that Plaintiff’s allegations fail to demonstrate imminent danger of serious 17 physical injury at the time of filing. Plaintiff alleges that on April 9, 2019, he was subjected to an 18 adverse transfer to North Kern State Prison in retaliation for filing grievances. On June 27, 2019, 19 based on orders by Defendant T. Mata and facility B yard staff, Plaintiff was attacked from behind and 20 sustained injuries. After the incident, officers Mata, Rodriguez, Rivera, Ledesma, Reyes, Cortez, 21 Guerrero, Hernandez, Mejia, Serna, and Madrigal threatened Plaintiff that if he filed another grievance 22 he would be subjected to another attack. On April 15, 2020, Plaintiff was again transferred to North 23 Kern State Prison and housed in the administrative segregation unit. On April 22, 2020, Plaintiff was 24 released from the administrative segregation unit to general population. From April 16, 2020 to April 25 22, 2020, officers Narvaiz, Alvarez, and Ortiz threatened Plaintiff with assault in retaliation for filing 26 grievances. On November 14, 2020, Plaintiff was a victim of an assault during yard time. Defendants 27 Mata, Narvaiz, Alvarez, and Ortiz ordered an anonymous source to do their “dirty work” by 28 intentionally setting up the attack. 1 Plaintiff’s allegations fail to plausibly demonstrate that he was in imminent danger of serious 2 physical injury. Plaintiff’s allegations involve two alleged assaults well over a year apart, and the 3 most recent approximately eight months prior to filing the instant action, by several different 4 individuals.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10
11 GUILLERMO TRUJILLO CRUZ, ) Case No.: 1:21-cv-01162-SAB (PC) ) 12 Plaintiff, ) ) ORDER DIRECTING CLERK OF COURT TO 13 v. ) RANDOMLY ASSIGN A DISTRICT JUDGE TO THIS ACTION 14 T. MATA, et al., ) ) FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 15 Defendants. ) RECOMMENDING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION TO ) PROCEED IN FORMA PAUPERIS BE DENIED 16 ) ) (ECF No. 2) 17 )
18 Plaintiff Guillermo Trujillo Cruz is proceeding pro se in this civil rights action pursuant to 42 19 U.S.C. § 1983. 20 Plaintiff filed the instant action on July 1, 2021.1 (ECF No. 1.) Plaintiff has not paid the filing 21 fee or submitted an application to proceed in forma pauperis pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915. For the 22 reasons discussed below, the Court recommends that Plaintiff not be allowed to proceed in forma 23 pauperis and that Plaintiff instead be required to pay the filing fee if he wishes to proceed with this 24 action. 25 26 1 Under the mailbox rule, a prisoner's pleading is “deemed filed when he hands it over to prison authorities for mailing to 27 the relevant court.” Houston v. Lack, 487 U.S. 266, 276 (1988); Douglas v. Noelle, 567 F.3d 1103, 1109 (9th Cir. 2009); Huizar v. Carey, 273 F.3d 1220, 1222 (9th Cir. 2001). 28 1 I. 2 DISCUSSION 3 The Prison Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (PLRA) was enacted “to curb frivolous prisoner 4 complaints and appeals.” Silva v. Di Vittorio, 658 F.3d 1090, 1099-1100 (9th Cir. 2011). Pursuant to 5 the PLRA, the in forma pauperis statue was amended to include section 1915(g), a non-merits related 6 screening device which precludes prisoners with three or more “strikes” from proceeding in forma 7 pauperis unless they are under imminent danger of serious physical injury. 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g); 8 Andrews v. Cervantes, 493 F.3d 1047, 1050 (9th Cir. 2007). The statute provides that “[i]n no event 9 shall a prisoner bring a civil action … under this section if the prisoner has, on 3 or more prior occasions, 10 while incarcerated or detained in any facility, brought an action or appeal in a court of the United States 11 that was dismissed on the grounds that it is frivolous, malicious, or fails to state a claim upon which 12 relief may be granted, unless the prisoner is under imminent danger of serious physical injury.” 28 13 U.S.C. § 1915(g). 14 A review of the actions filed by Plaintiff reveals that he is subject to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g) and is 15 precluded from proceeding in forma pauperis unless Plaintiff, was, at the time the complaint was filed, 16 under imminent danger of serious physical injury. The Court takes judicial notice of the following cases: 17 (1) Trujillo v. Sherman, Case No. 1:14-cv-01401-BAM (E.D. Cal.) (dismissed on April 24, 2015 for 18 failure to state a claim); aff’d Case No. 15-15952 (9th Cir. May 6, 2016); (2) Trujillo v. Ruiz, No. 1:14- 19 cv-00975-SAB (E.D. Cal.) (dismissed on January 6, 2016 for failure to state a claim), aff’d, Case No. 20 16-15101 (9th Cir. December 15, 2017); (3) Cruz v. Gomez, Case No. 1:15-cv-00859-EPG (E.D. Cal.) 21 (dismissed on February 3, 2017 for failure to state a claim), aff’d, Case No. 17-15358 (9th Cir. October 22 25, 2017); and (4) Trujillo v. Gonzalez-Moran, Case No. 17-15200 (9th Cir.) (dismissed on August 21, 23 2017 as frivolous). Plaintiff has been informed in other cases that he is subject to § 1915(g). See Cruz 24 v. Leyva, 1:18-cv-00399-LJO-GSA (PC) (E.D. Cal. May 24, 2018) (finding plaintiff subject to § 25 1915(g) and dismissing action for failure to pay the filing fee); see also Cruz v. Pfeiffer, 1:20-cv-01522- 26 AWI-SAB (PC) (E.D. Cal. Apr. 28, 2021 (same). 27 The issue now becomes whether Plaintiff has met the imminent danger exception, which 28 requires Plaintiff to show that he is under (1) imminent danger of (2) serious physical injury and which 1 turns on the conditions he faced at the time he filed his complaint on July 1, 2021. Andrews, 493 F.3d 2 at 1053-1056. Conditions which posed imminent danger to Plaintiff at some earlier time are 3 immaterial, as are any subsequent conditions. Id. at 1053. While the injury is merely procedural 4 rather than a merits-based review of the claims, the allegations of imminent danger must still be 5 plausible. Id. at 1055. Thus, the availability of this “imminent danger” exception “turns on the 6 conditions a prisoner faced at the time the complaint was filed, not at some earlier or later time.” 7 Andrews, 493 F.3d at 1053. The imminent danger exception is available “for genuine emergencies,” 8 where “time is pressing” and “a threat ... is real and proximate.” Lewis v. Sullivan, 279 F.3d 526, 531 9 (7th Cir. 2002). “[V]ague and utterly conclusory assertions” of harm are insufficient. White v. 10 Colorado, 157 F.3d 1226, 1231–32 (10th Cir. 1998). “Imminent danger of serious physical injury must 11 be a real, present threat, not merely speculative or hypothetical.” Blackman v. Mjening, No. 12 116CV01421LJOGSAPC, 2016 WL 5815905, at *1 (E.D. Cal. Oct. 4, 2016). To meet his burden 13 under § 1915(g), a plaintiff must provide “specific fact allegations of ongoing serious physical injury, 14 or a pattern of misconduct evidencing the likelihood of imminent serious physical injury.” Martin v. 15 Shelton, 319 F.3d 1048, 1050 (8th Cir. 2003). 16 Here, the Court finds that Plaintiff’s allegations fail to demonstrate imminent danger of serious 17 physical injury at the time of filing. Plaintiff alleges that on April 9, 2019, he was subjected to an 18 adverse transfer to North Kern State Prison in retaliation for filing grievances. On June 27, 2019, 19 based on orders by Defendant T. Mata and facility B yard staff, Plaintiff was attacked from behind and 20 sustained injuries. After the incident, officers Mata, Rodriguez, Rivera, Ledesma, Reyes, Cortez, 21 Guerrero, Hernandez, Mejia, Serna, and Madrigal threatened Plaintiff that if he filed another grievance 22 he would be subjected to another attack. On April 15, 2020, Plaintiff was again transferred to North 23 Kern State Prison and housed in the administrative segregation unit. On April 22, 2020, Plaintiff was 24 released from the administrative segregation unit to general population. From April 16, 2020 to April 25 22, 2020, officers Narvaiz, Alvarez, and Ortiz threatened Plaintiff with assault in retaliation for filing 26 grievances. On November 14, 2020, Plaintiff was a victim of an assault during yard time. Defendants 27 Mata, Narvaiz, Alvarez, and Ortiz ordered an anonymous source to do their “dirty work” by 28 intentionally setting up the attack. 1 Plaintiff’s allegations fail to plausibly demonstrate that he was in imminent danger of serious 2 physical injury. Plaintiff’s allegations involve two alleged assaults well over a year apart, and the 3 most recent approximately eight months prior to filing the instant action, by several different 4 individuals. Thus, Plaintiff’s allegations all concern events that occurred well before Plaintiff 5 commenced this civil action in July 2021. Based on these allegations of his complaint, the Court finds 6 it is not plausible that Plaintiff faced an imminent danger of serious physical injury at the time he filed 7 this action and Plaintiff does not assert otherwise. See Andrews, 493 F.3d at 1055 (“Instead, the 8 exception applies if the complaint makes a plausible allegation that the prisoner faced ‘imminent 9 danger of serious physical injury’ at the time of filing.”); see also Medberry v. Butler, 185 F.3d 1189, 10 1193 (11th Cir.1999) (finding failure to protect allegations against prison officials who put an inmate 11 convicted of sexual battery in general population failed to meet imminent danger standard because the 12 threat had ceased prior to filing the complaint and there were no allegations that plaintiff was in 13 imminent danger of serious physical injury at the time he filed his complaint or that he was in jeopardy 14 of any ongoing danger); Ashley v. Dilworth, 147 F.3d 715, 717 (8th Cir.1998) (“Allegations that the 15 prisoner faced imminent danger in the past are insufficient to trigger this exception to § 1915(g) and 16 authorize the prisoner to pay the filing fee on the installment plan.”); cf. Abdul-Akbar v. McKelvie, 17 239 F.3d 307, 315 n.1 (3d Cir. 2001) (while declining to reach question of whether “imminent 18 danger” encompasses an ongoing danger of serious physical injury, noting that the plaintiff's 19 allegations of past acts of physical harassment were not sufficiently specific or related to support an 20 inference of an ongoing danger). 21 II. 22 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 23 Accordingly, the Clerk of the Court is HEREBY DIRECTED to randomly assign a District 24 Judge to this action. 25 Further, it is HEREBY RECOMMENDED that, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g), Plaintiff not be 26 allowed to proceed in forma pauperis and instead be directed to pay the $402.00 filing fee in full if he wishes 27 to proceed with this action. 28 /// 1 These Findings and Recommendations will be submitted to the United States District Judge 2 || assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). Within fourteen (14) days 3 || after being served with these Findings and Recommendations, Plaintiff may file written objections 4 || with the Court. The document should be captioned “Objections to Magistrate Judge’s Findings and 5 || Recommendations.” Plaintiff is advised that failure to file objections within the specified time may 6 || result in the waiver of rights on appeal. Wilkerson v. Wheeler, 772 F.3d 834, 838-39 (9th Cir. 2014) 7 || (citing Baxter v. Sullivan, 923 F.2d 1391, 1394 (9th Cir. 1991)). 8 9 || IT IS SO ORDERED. A (Fe 10 | ated: _ August 4, 2021 OF 11 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28