1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 GUILLLERMO TRUJILLO CRUZ, Case No. 1:22-cv-00177-AWI-BAK (HBK) (PC) 12 Plaintiff, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS TO 13 v. REQUIRE PLAINTIFF TO PAY FILING FEE TO PROCEED WITH THIS ACTION 14 M. GONZALEZ, et al.,
15 Defendants. FOURTEEN-DAY OBJECTION PERIOD 16 17 18 Plaintiff Guillermo Trujillo Cruz (“Plaintiff”), a state prisoner proceeding pro se, initiated 19 this civil rights action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 on February 10, 2022. (Doc. No. 1). As of 20 the date of these Findings and Recommendations, Plaintiff has not filed an application to proceed 21 in forma pauperis1 or paid the $402.00 filing fee. The Court finds directing Plaintiff to file an 22 application to proceed in forma pauperis would be futile because Plaintiff has had at least three 23 dismissals that constitute strikes and he has not established he meets the imminent danger 24 exception and is barred from proceeding in forma pauperis under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g). Thus, 25 Plaintiff must pay the full filing fee if he wishes to proceed with a civil action.
26 1 Plaintiff filed a “Motion of Trust Account Office & Library Staff Denial to Obtain Legal Photocopies and Inmate Statement Reports” on February 10, 2022. (Doc. No. 2). The motion references a “denial” of paperwork necessary 27 to prosecute Plaintiff’s action. Plaintiff’s motion includes a copy of an “Inmate Request for Interview Form,” noting Plaintiff’s request to “obtain my (IFP’s).” (Id.) In light of the Court’s finding that Plaintiff is subject to the three 28 strikes bar under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g), as discussed herein, the Court declines to address the motion at this time. 1 APPLICABLE THREE STRIKE LAW 2 The “Three Strikes Rule” states: 3 In no event shall a prisoner bring a civil action or proceeding under this section if the prisoner has, on 3 or more prior occasions, while 4 incarcerated or detained in any facility, brought an action or appeal in the United States that was dismissed on grounds that it was 5 frivolous, malicious, or fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, unless the prisoner is under imminent danger of serious 6 physical injury. 7 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g). Part of the Prison Litigation Reform Act, the Three Strikes Rule was 8 enacted to help curb non-meritorious prisoner litigation. See Lomax v. Ortiz-Marquez, 140 S. Ct. 9 1721, 1723 (2020) (citations omitted)). Under § 1915(g), prisoners who have repeatedly brought 10 unsuccessful suits may be barred from bringing a civil action and paying the fee on a payment 11 plan once they have had on prior occasions three or more cases dismissed as frivolous, malicious, 12 or for failure to state a claim. Id.; see also Andrews v. Cervantes, 493 F.2d 1047, 1052 (9th Cir. 13 2007). Regardless of whether the dismissal was with or without prejudice, a dismissal for failure 14 to state a claim counts as a strike under § 1915(g). Lomax, 140 S. Ct. at 1727. 15 ANALYSIS 16 A. Plaintiff Has Three or More Qualifying Strikes 17 A review of the Pacer Database reveals plaintiff has filed approximately 65 civil actions 18 or appeals in a court of the United States and has been deemed a three-striker under § 1915(g) 19 prior to filing this lawsuit. Although not exhaustive, for purposes of this report and 20 recommendation, each of the following cases are properly deemed qualifying § 1915(g) strikes 21 and each were entered before Plaintiff commenced the instant action : (1) Trujillo v. Sherman, 22 Case No. 1:14-cv-01401-BAM (E.D. Cal.) (dismissed on April 24, 2015 for failure to state a 23 claim), aff’d, Case No. 15-15952 (9th Cir. May 6, 2016); (2) Cruz v. Munoz, No. 1:14-cv-01215- 24 SAB (E.D. Cal.) (dismissed for failure to state a claim on May 17, 2016); (3) Trujillo v. Ruiz, 25 Case No. 1:14-cv-00975-SAB (E.D. Cal.) (dismissed on January 6, 2016 for failure to state a 26 claim), aff’d, Case No. 16-15101 (9th Cir. December 15, 2017); (4) Cruz v. Munoz, No. 1:14-cv- 27 00976-DLB (E.D. Cal.) (dismissed for failure to state a claim on May 11, 2016); and (5) Cruz v. 28 Gomez, Case No. 1:15-cv-00859-EPG (E.D. Cal.) (dismissed on February 3, 2017 for failure to 1 state a claim), aff’d, Case No. 17-15358 (9th Cir. October 25, 2017). The Court also takes 2 judicial notice of the following United States Court of Appeals case: Trujillo v. Gonzalez-Moran, 3 Case No. 17-15200 (9th Cir.) (dismissed on August 21, 2017, as frivolous). As evidenced by the 4 above, Plaintiff has three or more qualifying strikes for purposes of § 1915(g). 5 B. The Imminent Danger Exception Does Not Apply 6 Because Plaintiff has three-qualifying strikes, he may not proceed IFP unless the 7 complaint contains plausible allegations that Plaintiff is in imminent danger of serious physical 8 injury as of the date the Complaint is filed. Andrews v. Cervantes, 493 F.3d 1047, 1052-53 (9th 9 Cir. 2007). Here, liberally construing the complaint, the undersigned find it contains no plausible 10 allegations sufficient to allege Plaintiff was in imminent danger of serious physical injury when 11 he filed the action.2 Plaintiff is currently housed at Pelican Bay State Prison. It is significant here 12 that all Defendants in this action are employees of Kern Valley State Prison. Plaintiff alleges that 13 on April 8 and April 11, 2021, Defendant Gonzalez verbally threatened Plaintiff, while he was 14 housed at Kern Valley State Prison, wherein Gonzalez “want[ed] to commit a battery upon” on 15 him to occur on “the day [Plaintiff] transfer[red] back to Pelican Bay State Prison” and once 16 Plaintiff was “finish[ed] with out-to-court proceedings.” (Doc. 1 at 3). Plaintiff claims Gonzalez 17 “want[ed] the assault done at [the] release & receiving (R&R) holding cells.” (Id.). Plaintiff 18 claims Gonzalez’s actions are in retaliation for Plaintiff having filed previous grievances against 19 Gonzalez and prior lawsuits. (Id.). Further, Plaintiff alleges an ongoing pattern of “physical 20 injuries” by Gonzalez, referencing previous assaults by Gonzalez in February and March 2021. 21 (Id.). More particularly, Plaintiff contends on April 11, 2021, during laundry exchange, Gonzalez 22 “’maliciously’ and ‘sadistically’” slammed the food port tray slot injuring Plaintiff’s hands and 23 causing severe emotional distress. (Id. at 3-5). Shortly thereafter, Gonzalez ignored Plaintiff’s 24 request to speak with the lieutenant and duty nurse. (Id. at 5). Later that same day, Plaintiff made 25 similar requests to Defendants Davis, Nizami, Perez and McDeaniel. (Id. at 6-7). Plaintiff states 26 2 The Court expresses no opinion on the merits of Plaintiff’s claims. The Court further notes that the complaint itself 27 is comprised of approximately 11 pages but includes more than 200 pages of exhibits that are not referenced or incorporated into the complaint. The Court has therefore based its analysis only on the eleven handwritten pages of 28 the complaint. 1 all requests to speak with a supervisor and the duty nurse were denied. (Id.). Plaintiff alleges he 2 suffered from “discomfort, severe pain, soreness, swelling and breakage of skin to index finger, 3 middle finger, and pinky knuckle” and emotional distress. (Id. at 6, 8). 4 Next, Plaintiff claims Sergeant R.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 GUILLLERMO TRUJILLO CRUZ, Case No. 1:22-cv-00177-AWI-BAK (HBK) (PC) 12 Plaintiff, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS TO 13 v. REQUIRE PLAINTIFF TO PAY FILING FEE TO PROCEED WITH THIS ACTION 14 M. GONZALEZ, et al.,
15 Defendants. FOURTEEN-DAY OBJECTION PERIOD 16 17 18 Plaintiff Guillermo Trujillo Cruz (“Plaintiff”), a state prisoner proceeding pro se, initiated 19 this civil rights action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 on February 10, 2022. (Doc. No. 1). As of 20 the date of these Findings and Recommendations, Plaintiff has not filed an application to proceed 21 in forma pauperis1 or paid the $402.00 filing fee. The Court finds directing Plaintiff to file an 22 application to proceed in forma pauperis would be futile because Plaintiff has had at least three 23 dismissals that constitute strikes and he has not established he meets the imminent danger 24 exception and is barred from proceeding in forma pauperis under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g). Thus, 25 Plaintiff must pay the full filing fee if he wishes to proceed with a civil action.
26 1 Plaintiff filed a “Motion of Trust Account Office & Library Staff Denial to Obtain Legal Photocopies and Inmate Statement Reports” on February 10, 2022. (Doc. No. 2). The motion references a “denial” of paperwork necessary 27 to prosecute Plaintiff’s action. Plaintiff’s motion includes a copy of an “Inmate Request for Interview Form,” noting Plaintiff’s request to “obtain my (IFP’s).” (Id.) In light of the Court’s finding that Plaintiff is subject to the three 28 strikes bar under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g), as discussed herein, the Court declines to address the motion at this time. 1 APPLICABLE THREE STRIKE LAW 2 The “Three Strikes Rule” states: 3 In no event shall a prisoner bring a civil action or proceeding under this section if the prisoner has, on 3 or more prior occasions, while 4 incarcerated or detained in any facility, brought an action or appeal in the United States that was dismissed on grounds that it was 5 frivolous, malicious, or fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, unless the prisoner is under imminent danger of serious 6 physical injury. 7 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g). Part of the Prison Litigation Reform Act, the Three Strikes Rule was 8 enacted to help curb non-meritorious prisoner litigation. See Lomax v. Ortiz-Marquez, 140 S. Ct. 9 1721, 1723 (2020) (citations omitted)). Under § 1915(g), prisoners who have repeatedly brought 10 unsuccessful suits may be barred from bringing a civil action and paying the fee on a payment 11 plan once they have had on prior occasions three or more cases dismissed as frivolous, malicious, 12 or for failure to state a claim. Id.; see also Andrews v. Cervantes, 493 F.2d 1047, 1052 (9th Cir. 13 2007). Regardless of whether the dismissal was with or without prejudice, a dismissal for failure 14 to state a claim counts as a strike under § 1915(g). Lomax, 140 S. Ct. at 1727. 15 ANALYSIS 16 A. Plaintiff Has Three or More Qualifying Strikes 17 A review of the Pacer Database reveals plaintiff has filed approximately 65 civil actions 18 or appeals in a court of the United States and has been deemed a three-striker under § 1915(g) 19 prior to filing this lawsuit. Although not exhaustive, for purposes of this report and 20 recommendation, each of the following cases are properly deemed qualifying § 1915(g) strikes 21 and each were entered before Plaintiff commenced the instant action : (1) Trujillo v. Sherman, 22 Case No. 1:14-cv-01401-BAM (E.D. Cal.) (dismissed on April 24, 2015 for failure to state a 23 claim), aff’d, Case No. 15-15952 (9th Cir. May 6, 2016); (2) Cruz v. Munoz, No. 1:14-cv-01215- 24 SAB (E.D. Cal.) (dismissed for failure to state a claim on May 17, 2016); (3) Trujillo v. Ruiz, 25 Case No. 1:14-cv-00975-SAB (E.D. Cal.) (dismissed on January 6, 2016 for failure to state a 26 claim), aff’d, Case No. 16-15101 (9th Cir. December 15, 2017); (4) Cruz v. Munoz, No. 1:14-cv- 27 00976-DLB (E.D. Cal.) (dismissed for failure to state a claim on May 11, 2016); and (5) Cruz v. 28 Gomez, Case No. 1:15-cv-00859-EPG (E.D. Cal.) (dismissed on February 3, 2017 for failure to 1 state a claim), aff’d, Case No. 17-15358 (9th Cir. October 25, 2017). The Court also takes 2 judicial notice of the following United States Court of Appeals case: Trujillo v. Gonzalez-Moran, 3 Case No. 17-15200 (9th Cir.) (dismissed on August 21, 2017, as frivolous). As evidenced by the 4 above, Plaintiff has three or more qualifying strikes for purposes of § 1915(g). 5 B. The Imminent Danger Exception Does Not Apply 6 Because Plaintiff has three-qualifying strikes, he may not proceed IFP unless the 7 complaint contains plausible allegations that Plaintiff is in imminent danger of serious physical 8 injury as of the date the Complaint is filed. Andrews v. Cervantes, 493 F.3d 1047, 1052-53 (9th 9 Cir. 2007). Here, liberally construing the complaint, the undersigned find it contains no plausible 10 allegations sufficient to allege Plaintiff was in imminent danger of serious physical injury when 11 he filed the action.2 Plaintiff is currently housed at Pelican Bay State Prison. It is significant here 12 that all Defendants in this action are employees of Kern Valley State Prison. Plaintiff alleges that 13 on April 8 and April 11, 2021, Defendant Gonzalez verbally threatened Plaintiff, while he was 14 housed at Kern Valley State Prison, wherein Gonzalez “want[ed] to commit a battery upon” on 15 him to occur on “the day [Plaintiff] transfer[red] back to Pelican Bay State Prison” and once 16 Plaintiff was “finish[ed] with out-to-court proceedings.” (Doc. 1 at 3). Plaintiff claims Gonzalez 17 “want[ed] the assault done at [the] release & receiving (R&R) holding cells.” (Id.). Plaintiff 18 claims Gonzalez’s actions are in retaliation for Plaintiff having filed previous grievances against 19 Gonzalez and prior lawsuits. (Id.). Further, Plaintiff alleges an ongoing pattern of “physical 20 injuries” by Gonzalez, referencing previous assaults by Gonzalez in February and March 2021. 21 (Id.). More particularly, Plaintiff contends on April 11, 2021, during laundry exchange, Gonzalez 22 “’maliciously’ and ‘sadistically’” slammed the food port tray slot injuring Plaintiff’s hands and 23 causing severe emotional distress. (Id. at 3-5). Shortly thereafter, Gonzalez ignored Plaintiff’s 24 request to speak with the lieutenant and duty nurse. (Id. at 5). Later that same day, Plaintiff made 25 similar requests to Defendants Davis, Nizami, Perez and McDeaniel. (Id. at 6-7). Plaintiff states 26 2 The Court expresses no opinion on the merits of Plaintiff’s claims. The Court further notes that the complaint itself 27 is comprised of approximately 11 pages but includes more than 200 pages of exhibits that are not referenced or incorporated into the complaint. The Court has therefore based its analysis only on the eleven handwritten pages of 28 the complaint. 1 all requests to speak with a supervisor and the duty nurse were denied. (Id.). Plaintiff alleges he 2 suffered from “discomfort, severe pain, soreness, swelling and breakage of skin to index finger, 3 middle finger, and pinky knuckle” and emotional distress. (Id. at 6, 8). 4 Next, Plaintiff claims Sergeant R. Olivarez served him with a “C.D.C.R 128-B Chrono” 5 on April 8, 2021, while he was housed at Kern Valley State Prison, indicating Plaintiff may be 6 targeted for assault by members of the Mexican Mafia, thus negatively impacting his housing at 7 that facility. Plaintiff alleges Olivares, along with Defendant Gonzalez and others, “fabricated 8 these false misleading statements and story to try and cover up their [own] assault” against 9 Plaintiff. (Doc. No. 1 at 4). 10 Plaintiff does not allege in the complaint that the conduct of Defendant Gonzalez or any 11 other defendant at Kern Valley State Prison is ongoing. Rather, he contends that prison officials 12 at Pelican Bay State Prison – where he is presently housed and where he was housed when he 13 filed his complaint – are “following the same pattern of verbal threats” that Defendants pursued at 14 Kern Valley State Prison, amounting to an imminent danger of serious physical injury. (Doc. No. 15 1 at 4). 16 Plaintiff’s complaint contains no indication that a physical attack is likely to happen again, 17 at either institution. Plaintiff only referenced a pattern of “verbal threats” at Pelican Bay State 18 Prison rather than any likelihood of physical attack, and the reference is conclusory at best. 19 Moreover, Plaintiff is no longer housed at Kern Valley State Prison where the incidents giving 20 rise to his complaint were alleged to have occurred and where Defendants are employed. 21 Therefore, there is no risk of a physical attack at Kern Valley State Prison. The availability of the 22 imminent danger exception “turns on the conditions a prisoner faced at the time the complaint 23 was filed, not at some earlier or later time.” Andrews v. Cervantes, 493 F.3d at 1053, 1056; 24 Ciarpaglini v. Saini, 352 F.3d 328, 330 (7th Cir. 2003); see also Turner v. Allison, No. 18-cv- 25 02061-YGR (PR), 2019 WL 1230437, at *2 (N.D. Cal. Mar. 15, 2019) (“None of these alleged 26 incidents of excessive force occurred at the prison[ ] where Plaintiff was incarcerated at the time 27 he filed his complaint”); Cruz v. Baker, No. 1:18-CV-01641-LJO-SAB PC, 2018 WL 11241283, 28 at *1 (E.D. Cal. Dec. 13, 2018) (finding past incidents of alleged excessive force by guard 1 allegedly employed at former prison “do not meet the imminent physical danger exception under 2 section 1915(g)”); Bontemps v. Smith, No. CV 15-8226-JFW (SP), 2016 WL 10894023, at *3 3 (C.D. Cal. Nov. 18, 2016) (finding a single incident of excessive force at another prison, 4 occurring more than a year before filing insufficient to satisfy 28 U.S.C. Section 1915(g)’s 5 exception for imminent danger of serious physical injury), aff'd, 708 F. App'x 360 (9th Cir. 2017). 6 Thus, Plaintiff’s allegations involving Kern Valley State Prison staff concern conditions Plaintiff 7 faced at an earlier time, not conditions he faced at the time he filed his complaint. 8 “Imminent danger of serious physical injury must be a real, present threat, not merely 9 speculative or hypothetical.” Blackman v. Mjening, 2016 WL 5815905, at *1 (E.D. Cal. Oct. 4, 10 2016). To meet his burden under § 1915(g), Plaintiff must provide “specific fact allegations of 11 ongoing serious physical injury, or a pattern of misconduct evidencing the likelihood of imminent 12 serious physical injury.” Martin v. Shelton, 319 F.3d 1048, 1050 (8th Cir. 2003). “[V]ague and 13 utterly conclusory assertions” of imminent danger or insufficient. White v. Colorado, 157 F.3d 14 1226, 1231–32 (10th Cir. 1998). Here, Plaintiff has failed to meet his burden. Plaintiff faces no 15 imminent danger of ongoing serious physical injury, nor has he alleged a pattern of misconduct 16 showing a likelihood of imminent serious physical injury. Plaintiff’s allegations are speculative, 17 conclusory, and insufficient. 18 Accordingly, the complaint fails to contain plausible allegations that Plaintiff was in any 19 imminent danger of serious physical injury at the time the complaint was filed. Plaintiff has not 20 satisfied the exception from the three strikes bar under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g), and Plaintiff must 21 pay the $402.00 filing fee if he wishes to litigate this action. 22 Accordingly, it is RECOMMENDED: 23 If Plaintiff fails to pay the $402.00 filing fee within a specified time set by the District 24 Court, the case be automatically dismissed. 25 NOTICE TO PARTIES 26 These findings and recommendations will be submitted to the United States district judge 27 assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of Title 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). Within fourteen 28 (14) days after being served with these findings and recommendations, a party may file written 1 | objections with the Court. The document should be captioned “Objections to Magistrate Judge’s 2 || Findings and Recommendations.” Parties are advised that failure to file objections within the 3 || specified time may result in the waiver of rights on appeal. Wilkerson v. Wheeler, 772 F.3d 834, 4 | 838-39 (9th Cir. 2014) (citing Baxter v. Sullivan, 923 F.2d 1391, 1394 (9th Cir. 1991)). 5 ° | Dated: _ March 10, 2022 Wile. □□ fareh Back 7 HELENA M. BARCH-KUCHTA UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 10 1] 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28