(PC) Butler v. Day

• Court: District Court, E.D. California
• Decided: February 28, 2022
• Docket: 1:20-cv-01650
• Status: Unknown

Opinion

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10

11 MARQUES BUTLER, ) Case No.: 1:20-cv-01650-JLT-SAB (PC) ) 12 Plaintiff, ) ) FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATION 13 v. ) REGARDING DEFENDANTS’ EXHAUSTION MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT, AND 14 R. DAY, et al., ) ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANTS’ REQUEST ) TO STAY MERITS BASED DISCOVERY 15 Defendants. ) ) (ECF No. 29) 16 ) ) 17 )

18 Plaintiff Marques Butler is proceeding pro se and in forma pauperis in this civil rights action 19 pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. 20 Currently before the Court is Defendants’ exhaustion motion for summary judgment, filed 21 October 28, 2021. 22 I. 23 RELEVANT BACKGROUND 24 This case proceeds against Defendant R. Day for excessive force, against Defendant J. Aguire 25 for failing to intervene in the use of force, and against Defendants R. Day, J. Aguire, J. Barkhurst, and 26 P. Perez for deliberate indifference to a serious medical need. 27 On October 28, 2021, Defendants filed an answer to the complaint and a separate exhaustion 28 motion for summary judgment. (ECF Nos. 28, 29.) In their motion for summary judgment, 1 Defendants also request that the Court stay all merits based discovery pending resolution of the 2 exhaustion issue. (ECF No. 29.) 3 On October 29, 2021, the Court issued the discovery and scheduling order. (ECF No. 30.) 4 Plaintiff did not file an opposition to Defendants’ motion for summary judgment and the time 5 has now passed.1 Local Rule 230(l). Accordingly, Defendants’ motion for summary judgment is 6 deemed submitted for review. Id. 7 II. 8 LEGAL STANDARD 9 A. Statutory Exhaustion Requirement 10 Section 1997e(a) of the Prison Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (“PLRA”) provides that “[n]o 11 action shall be brought with respect to prison conditions under [42 U.S.C. § 1983], or any other 12 Federal law, by a prisoner confined in any jail, prison, or other correctional facility until such 13 administrative remedies as are available are exhausted.” 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a). Exhaustion is 14 mandatory unless unavailable. Exhaustion is required regardless of the relief sought by the prisoner 15 and regardless of the relief offered by the process, Booth v. Churner, 532 U.S. 731, 741 (2001), and 16 the exhaustion requirement applies to all prisoner suits relating to prison life, Porter v. Nussle, 534 17 U.S. 516, 532 (2002). 18 Section 1997e(a) also requires “proper exhaustion of administrative remedies, which ‘means 19 using all steps that the agency holds out, and doing so properly (so that the agency addresses the issues 20 on the merits).’” Woodford v. Ngo, 548 U.S. 81, 90 (2006) (citation omitted). “Proper exhaustion 21 demands compliance with an agency’s deadlines and other critical procedural rules because no 22 adjudicative system can function effective without imposing some orderly structure on the course of 23 its proceedings.” Id. at 90-91. “[I]t is the prison’s requirements, and not the PLRA, that define the 24 boundaries of proper exhaustion.” Jones v. Bock, 549 U.S. 199, 218 (2007). “The obligation to 25 26 1 Concurrently with their motion for summary judgment, Defendants served Plaintiff with the requisite notice of the 27 requirements for opposing the motion. Woods v. Carey, 684 F.3d 934, 939-41 (9th Cir. 2012); Rand v. Rowland, 154 F.3d 952, 960-61 (9th Cir. 1998). 28 1 exhaust ‘available’ remedies persists as long as some remedy remains ‘available.’ Once that is no 2 longer the case, then there are no ‘remedies … available,’ and the prisoner need not further pursue the 3 grievance.” Brown v. Valoff, 422 F.3d 926, 935 (9th Cir. 2005) (emphasis in original) (citing Booth 4 v. Churner, 532 U.S. 731, 739 (2001)). 5 The failure to exhaust is an affirmative defense, and the defendant or defendants bear the 6 burden of raising and proving the absence of exhaustion. Jones v. Bock, 549 U.S. at 216; Albino v. 7 Baca, 747 F.3d 1162, 1166 (9th Cir. 2014). “In the rare event that a failure to exhaust is clear on the 8 face of the complaint, a defendant may move for dismissal under Rule 12(b)(6).” Albino, 747 F.3d at 9 1166. Otherwise, the defendant or defendants must produce evidence proving the failure to exhaust, 10 and they are entitled to summary judgment under Rule 56 only if the undisputed evidence, viewed in 11 the light most favorable to the plaintiff, shows the plaintiff failed to exhaust. Id. 12 B. Summary Judgment Standard 13 Any party may move for summary judgment, and the Court shall grant summary judgment if 14 the movant shows that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to 15 judgment as a matter of law. Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a) (quotation marks omitted); Albino, 747 F.3d at 16 c1166; Wash. Mut. Inc. v. United States, 636 F.3d 1207, 1216 (9th Cir. 2011). Each party’s position, 17 whether it be that a fact is disputed or undisputed, must be supported by (1) citing to particular parts of 18 materials in the record, including but not limited to depositions, documents, declarations, or discovery; 19 or (2) showing that the materials cited do not establish the presence or absence of a genuine dispute or 20 that the opposing party cannot produce admissible evidence to support the fact. Fed. R. Civ. P. 21 56(c)(1) (quotation marks omitted). The Court may consider other materials in the record not cited to 22 by the parties, although it is not required to do so. Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c)(3); Carmen v. S.F. Unified 23 Sch. Dist., 237 F.3d 1026, 1031 (9th Cir. 2001); accord Simmons v. Navajo Cnty., Ariz., 609 F.3d 24 1011, 1017 (9th Cir. 2010). “The evidence must be viewed in the light most favorable to the 25 nonmoving party.” Williams v. Paramo, 775 F.3d 1182, 1191 (9th Cir. 2014). 26 Initially, “the defendant’s burden is to prove that there was an available administrative remedy, 27 and that the prisoner did not exhaust that available remedy.” Albino, 747 F.3d at 1172. If the 28 defendant meets that burden, the burden of production then shifts to the plaintiff to “come forward 1 with evidence showing that there is something in his particular case that made the existing and 2 generally available administrative remedies effectively unavailable to him.” Id. However, the 3 ultimate burden of proof on the issue of administrative exhaustion remains with the defendant. Id. “If 4 undisputed evidence viewed in the light most favorable to the prisoner shows a failure to exhaust, a 5 defendant is entitled to summary judgment under Rule 56.” Id. at 1166. However, “[i]f material facts 6 are disputed, summary judgment should be denied, and the district judge rather than a jury should 7 determine the facts.” Id. 8 III. 9 DISCUSSION 10 A. Summary of CDCR’s Administrative Appeal Process2 11 A prisoner in the custody of the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation 12 (“CDCR”) satisfies the administrative exhaustion requirement for a non-medical appeal or grievance 13 by following the procedures set forth in California Code of Regulations, title 15, §§ 3084-3084.9. 14 California Code of Regulations, title 15, § 3084.1(a) provides that “[a]ny inmate … under 15 [CDCR’s] jurisdiction may appeal any policy, decision, action, condition, or omission by the 16 department or its staff that the inmate … can demonstrate as having a material adverse effect upon his 17 or her health, safety, or welfare.” An inmate is required to use a CDCR Form 602 to “describe the 18 specific issue under appeal and the relief requested.” Cal. Code Regs. tit. 15, § 3084.2(a). An inmate 19 is limited to one issue, or related set of issues, per each CDCR Form 602 and the inmate “shall state all 20 facts known and available to [them] regarding the issue being appealed at the time of submitting” the 21 CDCR Form 602. Cal. Code Regs. tit. 15, § 3084.2(a)(1) & (a)(4). Further, the inmate “shall list all 22 staff member(s) involved and … describe their involvement in the issue.” Cal. Code Regs. tit. 15, § 23 3084.2(a)(3). If known, the inmate must include the staff member’s last name, first initial, title or 24 position, and the dates of the staff member’s involvement in the issue being appealed. Id. If the 25 inmate does not know the staff member’s identifying information, the inmate is required to “provide 26

27 2 On March 25, 2020, the grievance procedure outlined in § 3084.1, et seq., was repealed effective June 1, 2020, as an emergency by the CDCR pursuant to Penal Code § 5058.3. See CCR, tit. 15, § 3084.1, ¶ 13 (June 26, 2020). However, 28 1 any other available information that would assist the appeals coordinator in making a reasonable 2 attempt to identify the staff member(s) in question.” Id. 3 Unless the inmate grievance falls within one of the exceptions stated in California Code of 4 Regulations, title 15, §§ 3084.7(b)(1)-(2) and 3084.9, all inmate grievances are subject to a three-step 5 administrative review process: (1) the first level of review; (2) the second level appeal to the Warden 6 of the prison or their designee; and (3) the third level appeal to the Secretary of CDCR, which is 7 conducted by the Secretary’s designated representative under the supervision of the third level 8 Appeals Chief. Cal. Code Regs. tit. 15, §§ 3084.1(b), 3084.7(a)-(d). Unless the inmate grievance 9 deals with allegations of sexual violence or staff sexual misconduct, an inmate must submit the CDCR 10 Form 602 and all supporting documentation to each the three levels of review within 30 calendar days 11 of the occurrence of the event or decision being appealed, of the inmate first discovering the action or 12 decision being appealed, or of the inmate receiving an unsatisfactory departmental response to a 13 submitted administrative appeal. Cal. Code Regs. tit. 15, §§ 3084.2(b)-(e), 3084.3, 3084.6(a)(2), 14 3084.8(b). When an inmate submits an administrative appeal at any of the three levels of review, the 15 reviewer is required to reject the appeal, cancel the appeal, or issue a decision on the merits of the 16 appeal within the applicable time limits. Cal. Code Regs. tit. 15, §§ 3084.6(a)-(c), 3084.8(c)-(e). If an 17 inmate’s administrative appeal is rejected, the inmate is to be provided clear instructions about how to 18 cure the appeal’s defects. Cal. Code Regs. tit. 15, §§ 3084.5(b)(3), 3084.6(a)(1). If an inmate’s 19 administrative appeal is cancelled, the inmate can separately appeal the cancellation decision. Cal. 20 Code Regs. tit. 15, § 3084.6(a)(3) & (e). 21 B. Summary of Relevant Factual Allegations 22 On or about August 28, 2017, at approximately 5:30 p.m., while housed at California State 23 Prison, Corcoran, Plaintiff’s cell door was opened by control booth officer Defendant Aguirre. 24 Plaintiff walked to the control booth area where Defendant Duty was standing and informed the 25 officers that he needed to go medical because he was experiencing shortness of breath, dizziness and 26 blurred vision and felt faint. 27 Defendant Aguirre stated, “that’s not my problem and walked away from plaintiff.” Defendant 28 Day stated, “I[’]m not calling medical [I’m] doing chow so you need to go and lock down in your 1 cell.” Plaintiff told Defendants Aguirre and Day, “I need medical attention because it was feeling like 2 I was going to have another seizure.” Defendant Day replied, “Either you go to your cell an[d] lock it 3 up, as a matter of fact go to the shower.” Plaintiff then realized he was not going to be given medical 4 attention, he walked over to his cell closed the door and grabbed his shower bag and proceeded to 5 walk to the shower where he was ordered to go. Defendant Day began walking over to the shower in 6 and stepped in front of Plaintiff and stopped him from going into the shower. 7 Defendant Day told Plaintiff “I didn’t say you can take a shower. I was telling you to go lock 8 yourself in the shower, drop your shower bag now!” Plaintiff complied with Day’s order and released 9 his belongings on the floor. Defendant Day ordered Plaintiff to place his hands behind his back to be 10 placed into handcuffs and Plaintiff complied, while Defendant Aguirre observed. 11 Once Day placed Plaintiff in handcuffs, Day forcefully grabbed Plaintiff by his arm and 12 shoved him with excessive force into the shower and slammed the door securing the lock. After about 13 two to three minutes, Plaintiff realized that Defendants did not make any effort to call or seek medical 14 attention for Plaintiff. Plaintiff began to call out “man down,” as a medical emergency. Minutes later, 15 Defendant Barkhurst was passing out medication and Plaintiff advised her that he was feeling 16 symptoms of a seizure and was in need of emergency medical attention. Plaintiff’s cellmate later 17 advised Defendant Barkhurst that Plaintiff did suffer seizures. Defendant Barkhurst left the building 18 and never addressed Plaintiff’s complaint. 19 After being denied medical attention by all Defendants, Plaintiff began to have a seizure inside 20 of the locked shower while still handcuffed behind his back while Defendants stood by and called 21 sergeant Perez. After Defendant Perez arrived at the scene, Defendants Day and Aguirre informed 22 Perez of the situation while Plaintiff remained inside the shower having a seizure. Defendant Perez 23 called for the medical emergency team to assist Plaintiff. It was immediately determined that Plaintiff 24 should be transferred to an outside hospital. 25 On Tuesday, September 26, 2017, Defendant Perez conducted an interview with Plaintiff in 26 regard to administrative appeal log number CSPC-4-17-04644. Defendant Perez and his staff 27 knowingly deprived Plaintiff of adequate medical and mental health treatment. 28 1 C. Statement of Undisputed Facts3 2 1. Plaintiff was a California prisoner at California State Prison, Corcoran when he filed 3 this action on November 20, 2020. (ECF Nos. 1, 15.) 4 2. Appeal Log number COR-17-04644 was received on September 5, 2017. (Declaration 5 of J. Mendez (Decl. Mendez), Ex. B.) 6 3. Appeal Log number COR-17-04644 included allegations regarding Plaintiff’s 7 deliberate indifference claim against Defendants Aguirre, Day, and Barkhurst (although she was no 8 identified by name). (Decl. Mendez, Ex. B; see also ECF No. 15, p. 14 ¶ 33.) 9 4. Appeal Log number COR-17-04644 did not include excessive force or failure to protect 10 allegations, did not include any allegation that Defendant Perez was deliberately indifferent, and did 11 not identify Defendant Perez. (Decl. Mendez, Ex. B.) 12 5. Other than Appeal Log number COR-17-04644, Plaintiff did not submit any other 13 appeals that were accepted for review regarding the allegations in this lawsuit. (Decl. Mendez ¶ 5, 14 Exs. A-G.) 15 6. Plaintiff was dissatisfied with the institutional level response to Appeal Log number 16 COR-17-04644, including the institutions failure to refer the matter to Internal Affairs as requested, so 17 he appealed to the third level. (Declaration of Howard E. Moseley (Decl. Moseley), Ex. B.) 18 7. Appeal Log number COR-17-04644 was cancelled at the third level of review as 19 untimely. (Decl. Moseley ¶ 6, Exs. A, B.) 20 8. The cancelation notice of Appeal Log number COR-17-04644 informed Plaintiff: 21 “Once an appeal has been cancelled, that appeal may not be resubmitted. However, a separate appeal can be filed on the cancellation decision. The original appeal may only 22 be resubmitted if the appeal on the cancellation is granted. You have 30 calendar days to appeal the cancellation. Time constraints begin from the date of the screen out form 23 which cancelled your appeal.” 24 (Decl. Moseley, Ex. B.) 25 9. Plaintiff did not submit any appeals accepted for review appealing the third level 26 27

28 3 1 cancelation of Appeal Log number COR-17-04644. (Decl. Mendez ¶ 5, Exc. A-G; Decl. Moseley ¶ 6, 2 Ex. A.) 3 D. Analysis of Defendants’ Motion 4 Defendants argue that Plaintiff failed to exhaust the administrative remedies because the only 5 grievance filed regarding the allegations in the lawsuit did not include Plaintiff’s excessive force or 6 failure to protect allegations, did not include any allegations that Defendant Perez was deliberately 7 indifferent, and did not identify Defendant Perez. Furthermore, the appeal was cancelled at the third 8 level of review. 9 In his verified first amended complaint, in response to the question whether there is an inmate 10 appeal or administrative remedy process available at his institution, Plaintiff checked the box “no.”4 11 (ECF No. 15 at 2.) In response to whether Plaintiff filed an administrative appeal or grievance 12 concerning all the facts in the complaint and whether the process was complete, Plaintiff checked the 13 box “yes.” (Id.) 14 Although it appears Plaintiff contends the administrative procedure process was not available 15 to him at the institution of confinement, Defendants have submitted evidence in the form of sworn 16 declarations and supporting documents showing that CDCR had an administrative grievance process 17 available at the time of the incident that involved submission of a standardized grievance form and 18 three levels of review. (ECF No. 29-4; ECF No. 29-5.) Therefore, the Court finds that Defendants 19 have met their initial burden of showing that an administrative procedure process was available to 20 Plaintiff. Albino, 747 F.3d at 1172. Accordingly, the only issue to be determined is whether Plaintiff 21 properly filed a grievance with regard to all the claims against Defendants in this action. It is 22 undisputed that the only appeal Plaintiff filed regarding the allegations relevant to this action was 23

24 4 See Jones v. Blanas, 393 F.3d 918, 923 (9th Cir. 2004) (a verified complaint and may serve as an opposing affidavit under Rule 56 as long as its allegations arise from personal knowledge and contain specific facts admissible into evidence); 25 Schroeder v. McDonald, 55 F.3d 454, 460 (9th Cir. 1995) (accepting the verified complaint as an opposing affidavit because the plaintiff “demonstrated his personal knowledge by citing two specific instances where correctional staff 26 members ... made statements from which a jury could reasonably infer a retaliatory motive”); McElyea v. Babbitt, 833 F.2d 196, 197–98 (9th Cir. 1987); see also El Bey v. Roop, 530 F.3d 407, 414 (6th Cir. 2008) (Court reversed the district court's 27 grant of summary judgment because it “fail[ed] to account for the fact that El Bey signed his complaint under penalty of perjury pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1746. His verified complaint therefore carries the same weight as would an affidavit for the 28 1 || Appeal Log number COR-17-04644. (UF 3, 5.) However, that appeal did not include Plaintiff's 2 || excessive force or failure to protect allegations, did not include any allegation that Defendant Perez 3 || was deliberately indifference, and did not identify Defendant Perez by name. (UF 4.) In addition, an 4 || of significance, it is undisputed that Appeal Log number COR-17-04644 was cancelled as untimely a 5 || the third level of review and Plaintiff did not appeal the cancellation, despite the specific advisement 6 || that he could do so. (UF 8, 9.) Consequently, Plaintiff failed to exhaust his claims against □□□□□□□□□ 7 || prior to filing this action, and Defendants’ motion for summary judgment should be granted. In light 8 || of this finding, Defendants request to stay all merits based discovery should be granted. See Little v. 9 || City of Seattle, 863 F.2d 681, 685 (9th Cir. 1988). 10 IV. 11 ORDER AND RECOMMENDATION 12 Based on the foregoing, it is HEREBY ORDERED that Defendants’ motion to stay all merits 13 || based discovery is GRANTED. 14 Further, it is HEREBY RECOMMENDED that Defendants’ exhaustion motion for summary 15 || judgment be granted, and the action be dismissed, without prejudice. 16 These Findings and Recommendations will be submitted to the United States District Judge 17 || assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(). Within twenty-one (21) 18 || days after being served with these Findings and Recommendations, the parties may file written 19 || objections with the Court. The document should be captioned “Objections to Magistrate Judge’s 20 || Findings and Recommendations.” The parties are advised that failure to file objections within the 21 || specified time may result in the waiver of rights on appeal. Wilkerson v. Wheeler, 772 F.3d 834, 838 22 39 (9th Cir. 2014) (citing Baxter v. Sullivan, 923 F.2d 1391, 1394 (9th Cir. 1991)). 23 24 IT IS SO ORDERED. A (Fe 25 ll Dated: _ February 28, 2022 OF 26 UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 27 28

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