[Cite as Parker v. Parker, 2017-Ohio-78.]
STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS )ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COUNTY OF SUMMIT )
JON G. PARKER C.A. No. 28189
Appellee
v. APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT ENTERED IN THE PAMELA A. PARKER COURT OF COMMON PLEAS COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO Appellant CASE No. 2011-12-3645
DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY
Dated: January 11, 2017
WHITMORE, Presiding Judge.
{¶1} Appellant, Jon Parker (“Husband”), appeals a decree of divorce entered by the
Summit County Court of Common Pleas, Domestic Relations Division. For the following
reasons, this Court affirms in part and reverses in part.
I.
{¶2} Jon and Pamela (“Wife”) Parker married in 1995 and have three children. In
2011, Husband filed a complaint for divorce. Wife subsequently counterclaimed for divorce.
Following a hearing, the trial court entered a decree of divorce in 2014. Husband attempted to
appeal it, but this Court determined that the decree was not final and appealable. We also
dismissed a second attempted appeal for lack of jurisdiction. In March 2016, the trial court
reissued the decree with corrections in accordance with our previous decisions. Husband has
appealed, assigning three errors. 2
II.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR I
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN ITS FINDINGS AND ORDERS THAT JON HAD NOT TRACED ANY OF HIS SEPARATE PROPERTY GIFTED TO HIM BY HIS FATHER AND DISTRIBUTED TO HIM FROM HIS FATHER’S TRUST RESULTING IN THOSE FUNDS BEING CONSIDERED MARITAL ASSETS SUBJECT TO EQUAL DIVISION.
{¶3} In his first assignment of error, Husband argues that the trial court incorrectly
found that two assets that grew out of gifts he received from his father were not his separate
property under R.C. 3105.171(A)(6). He notes that, under R.C. 3105.171, the definition of
separate property includes “[a]n inheritance by one spouse by bequest, devise, or descent during
the course of the marriage” and “[a]ny gift of any real or personal property * * * that is made
after the date of the marriage and that is proven by clear and convincing evidence to have been
given to only one spouse.” R.C. 3105.171(A)(6)(a)(i), (vii). Husband also notes that, under R.C.
3105.171(A)(6)(b), the fact that some of the money he received from his father may have been
commingled with martial property does not destroy its identity as separate property because its
source is traceable.
{¶4} “The classification of property as marital or separate is a question of fact that this
Court reviews under a civil manifest weight standard.” Fetzer v. Fetzer, 9th Dist. Wayne No.
12CA0036, 2014-Ohio-747, ¶ 21, quoting Hahn v. Hahn, 9th Dist. Medina No. 11CA0064-M,
2012-Ohio-2001, ¶ 20. When reviewing the manifest weight of the evidence:
The [reviewing] court * * * weighs the evidence and all reasonable inferences, considers the credibility of witnesses and determines whether in resolving conflicts in the evidence, the [finder of fact] clearly lost its way and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the [judgment] must be reversed and a new trial ordered. 3
(Alterations sic) (Internal quotations omitted.) Eastley v. Volkman, 132 Ohio St.3d 328, 2012-
Ohio-2179, ¶ 20. Regarding traceability, “[t]he party seeking to have a particular asset classified
as separate property has the burden of proof, by a preponderance of the evidence, to trace the
asset to separate property.” Fetzer at ¶ 24, quoting Eikenberry v. Eikenberry, 9th Dist. Wayne
No. 09CA0035, 2010-Ohio-2944, ¶ 19.
{¶5} According to Husband, in 2000 his father began giving him $800.00 a month to
purchase annuities in his children’s names. Husband testified that his father would generally
give him $800.00 in cash, which he would deliver to a secretary at his place of business who then
paid the annuity company. Other times, however, his father would give him a check for the
$800.00. Husband contends that, at trial, he presented the court with a series of checks that had
been issued to him from his father’s living trust. According to Husband, because of the passage
of time, those checks are the only record of the money his father gifted him. He notes, however,
that his brother also testified about the fact that their father began giving money to Husband
beginning in the late 1990s or early 2000s. Husband also contends that he did not earn enough to
pay for the annuities out of his own income.
{¶6} The trial court found that Husband opened an insurance policy for each of the
children in November 2001 and that the total monthly premium was $840.00. It found that
Husband cashed in all three policies in April 2011 and received $89,671.96. He later deposited
the funds into an account that he created in his sister’s name. After filing for divorce, he placed
the funds that remained in that account into his attorney’s escrow account. The court found that,
of the checks presented at trial that Husband’s father wrote from December 2001 until his death
in 2008, $3,550 were payable to Husband and $11,570 were payable to cash. The court found,
however, that there was no evidence that Husband received any of the “cash” monies or that he 4
used the $3,550 that was payable to him to pay his children’s life insurance premiums. It also
found that Husband’s average income during those years was $76,829.59 and that the parties’
total household income was $110,768.89, which was “[c]learly * * * sufficient household
income to make these [insurance] payments.”
{¶7} At trial, Husband referred to the checks that his father wrote as exhibit 38A. They
were not included in the parties’ exhibit list, however, or made part of the appellate record. The
only evidence in the record that supports Husband’s contention that his father gave him monthly
gifts is his own testimony, which the trial court did not find credible. The trial court was in the
best position to evaluate Husband’s credibility. See Sandhu v. Sandhu, 9th Dist. Summit No.
27207, 2015-Ohio-90, ¶ 15. Upon review of the record, we cannot say that the trial court’s
finding that Husband failed to prove that the funds he placed in his attorney’s escrow account
could be traced to gifts from his father is against the manifest weight of the evidence.
{¶8} Husband also argues that the funds in his Charles Schwab One account are his
separate property. According to Husband, in 2009, his brother paid him his share of the proceeds
of his father’s life insurance policy, which was $15,599.52. Husband testified that, although he
originally deposited the funds in a different account, he transferred them to his Charles Schwab
One account in 2011. Husband alleges that, because the only funds that were in the Charles
Schwab One account at the time of trial came from his inheritance, they are his separate
property.
{¶9} The trial court found that Husband deposited $14,713.14 of the inheritance funds
into a First Merit savings account in 2009. It found that, between May 2009 and January 2010,
$8,390.67 of marital money was also deposited into that account. The court found that
$14,839.50 was later withdrawn from the savings account and that there was no indication 5
whether the money being withdrawn was Husband’s inheritance money or marital money. There
was also no evidence about the purpose of the withdrawals. The court found there was no
documentation that Husband transferred funds that were his separate property from the First
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[Cite as Parker v. Parker, 2017-Ohio-78.]
STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS )ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COUNTY OF SUMMIT )
JON G. PARKER C.A. No. 28189
Appellee
v. APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT ENTERED IN THE PAMELA A. PARKER COURT OF COMMON PLEAS COUNTY OF SUMMIT, OHIO Appellant CASE No. 2011-12-3645
DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY
Dated: January 11, 2017
WHITMORE, Presiding Judge.
{¶1} Appellant, Jon Parker (“Husband”), appeals a decree of divorce entered by the
Summit County Court of Common Pleas, Domestic Relations Division. For the following
reasons, this Court affirms in part and reverses in part.
I.
{¶2} Jon and Pamela (“Wife”) Parker married in 1995 and have three children. In
2011, Husband filed a complaint for divorce. Wife subsequently counterclaimed for divorce.
Following a hearing, the trial court entered a decree of divorce in 2014. Husband attempted to
appeal it, but this Court determined that the decree was not final and appealable. We also
dismissed a second attempted appeal for lack of jurisdiction. In March 2016, the trial court
reissued the decree with corrections in accordance with our previous decisions. Husband has
appealed, assigning three errors. 2
II.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR I
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN ITS FINDINGS AND ORDERS THAT JON HAD NOT TRACED ANY OF HIS SEPARATE PROPERTY GIFTED TO HIM BY HIS FATHER AND DISTRIBUTED TO HIM FROM HIS FATHER’S TRUST RESULTING IN THOSE FUNDS BEING CONSIDERED MARITAL ASSETS SUBJECT TO EQUAL DIVISION.
{¶3} In his first assignment of error, Husband argues that the trial court incorrectly
found that two assets that grew out of gifts he received from his father were not his separate
property under R.C. 3105.171(A)(6). He notes that, under R.C. 3105.171, the definition of
separate property includes “[a]n inheritance by one spouse by bequest, devise, or descent during
the course of the marriage” and “[a]ny gift of any real or personal property * * * that is made
after the date of the marriage and that is proven by clear and convincing evidence to have been
given to only one spouse.” R.C. 3105.171(A)(6)(a)(i), (vii). Husband also notes that, under R.C.
3105.171(A)(6)(b), the fact that some of the money he received from his father may have been
commingled with martial property does not destroy its identity as separate property because its
source is traceable.
{¶4} “The classification of property as marital or separate is a question of fact that this
Court reviews under a civil manifest weight standard.” Fetzer v. Fetzer, 9th Dist. Wayne No.
12CA0036, 2014-Ohio-747, ¶ 21, quoting Hahn v. Hahn, 9th Dist. Medina No. 11CA0064-M,
2012-Ohio-2001, ¶ 20. When reviewing the manifest weight of the evidence:
The [reviewing] court * * * weighs the evidence and all reasonable inferences, considers the credibility of witnesses and determines whether in resolving conflicts in the evidence, the [finder of fact] clearly lost its way and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the [judgment] must be reversed and a new trial ordered. 3
(Alterations sic) (Internal quotations omitted.) Eastley v. Volkman, 132 Ohio St.3d 328, 2012-
Ohio-2179, ¶ 20. Regarding traceability, “[t]he party seeking to have a particular asset classified
as separate property has the burden of proof, by a preponderance of the evidence, to trace the
asset to separate property.” Fetzer at ¶ 24, quoting Eikenberry v. Eikenberry, 9th Dist. Wayne
No. 09CA0035, 2010-Ohio-2944, ¶ 19.
{¶5} According to Husband, in 2000 his father began giving him $800.00 a month to
purchase annuities in his children’s names. Husband testified that his father would generally
give him $800.00 in cash, which he would deliver to a secretary at his place of business who then
paid the annuity company. Other times, however, his father would give him a check for the
$800.00. Husband contends that, at trial, he presented the court with a series of checks that had
been issued to him from his father’s living trust. According to Husband, because of the passage
of time, those checks are the only record of the money his father gifted him. He notes, however,
that his brother also testified about the fact that their father began giving money to Husband
beginning in the late 1990s or early 2000s. Husband also contends that he did not earn enough to
pay for the annuities out of his own income.
{¶6} The trial court found that Husband opened an insurance policy for each of the
children in November 2001 and that the total monthly premium was $840.00. It found that
Husband cashed in all three policies in April 2011 and received $89,671.96. He later deposited
the funds into an account that he created in his sister’s name. After filing for divorce, he placed
the funds that remained in that account into his attorney’s escrow account. The court found that,
of the checks presented at trial that Husband’s father wrote from December 2001 until his death
in 2008, $3,550 were payable to Husband and $11,570 were payable to cash. The court found,
however, that there was no evidence that Husband received any of the “cash” monies or that he 4
used the $3,550 that was payable to him to pay his children’s life insurance premiums. It also
found that Husband’s average income during those years was $76,829.59 and that the parties’
total household income was $110,768.89, which was “[c]learly * * * sufficient household
income to make these [insurance] payments.”
{¶7} At trial, Husband referred to the checks that his father wrote as exhibit 38A. They
were not included in the parties’ exhibit list, however, or made part of the appellate record. The
only evidence in the record that supports Husband’s contention that his father gave him monthly
gifts is his own testimony, which the trial court did not find credible. The trial court was in the
best position to evaluate Husband’s credibility. See Sandhu v. Sandhu, 9th Dist. Summit No.
27207, 2015-Ohio-90, ¶ 15. Upon review of the record, we cannot say that the trial court’s
finding that Husband failed to prove that the funds he placed in his attorney’s escrow account
could be traced to gifts from his father is against the manifest weight of the evidence.
{¶8} Husband also argues that the funds in his Charles Schwab One account are his
separate property. According to Husband, in 2009, his brother paid him his share of the proceeds
of his father’s life insurance policy, which was $15,599.52. Husband testified that, although he
originally deposited the funds in a different account, he transferred them to his Charles Schwab
One account in 2011. Husband alleges that, because the only funds that were in the Charles
Schwab One account at the time of trial came from his inheritance, they are his separate
property.
{¶9} The trial court found that Husband deposited $14,713.14 of the inheritance funds
into a First Merit savings account in 2009. It found that, between May 2009 and January 2010,
$8,390.67 of marital money was also deposited into that account. The court found that
$14,839.50 was later withdrawn from the savings account and that there was no indication 5
whether the money being withdrawn was Husband’s inheritance money or marital money. There
was also no evidence about the purpose of the withdrawals. The court found there was no
documentation that Husband transferred funds that were his separate property from the First
Merit savings account to the Charles Schwab One account. It, therefore, concluded that Husband
failed to prove that the money in the Charles Schwab One account originally came from his
father’s life insurance policy.
{¶10} Upon review of the record, there is nothing that verifies Husband’s testimony that
the money that was in the Charles Schwab One account at the time of trial came from the
proceeds of Husband’s father’s life insurance policy. Because the trial court was in the best
position to assess Husband’s credibility, we cannot say that the court’s finding regarding the
Charles Schwab One account was against the manifest weight of the evidence. Husband’s first
assignment of error is overruled.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR II
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AS A MATTER OF LAW AND ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN ISSUING AN AWARD OF SPOUSAL SUPPORT TO PAMELA.
{¶11} In his second assignment of error, Husband argues that the trial court incorrectly
awarded spousal support to Wife because she did not request spousal support in her
counterclaim. R.C. 3105.18(B) provides that, “[i]n divorce and legal separation proceedings,
upon the request of either party * * *, the court of common pleas may award reasonable spousal
support to either party.”
{¶12} Although R.C. 3105.18(B) indicates that spousal support may be awarded upon
the request of either party, it does not “prescribe the form of [the] request.” Phillips v. Phillips.
2d Dist. Montgomery No. 14199, 1994 WL 179950, *3 (May 11, 1994); Patti v. Patti, 11th Dist. 6
Portage No. 2013-P-0048, 2014-Ohio-1156, ¶ 15 (“[T]he statute does not state how a request for
spousal support is to be raised[.]”). Other districts that have considered this issue have
determined that spousal support does not have to be specifically requested in the complaint or
answer as long as it is specifically sought somewhere in the record. See Phillips at *3.
(explaining that Wife specifically requested temporary spousal support and Husband did not
object to Wife’s inclusion of spousal support in her proposed decree); Woodland v. Woodland,
7th Dist. Belmont No. 06-BE-9, 2007-Ohio-3503, ¶ 21 (concluding that trial court could not
award spousal support if the opposing party was unaware it was being sought) ; Williams v.
Williams, 5th Dist. Stark No. 2013CA00107, 2014-Ohio-1044, ¶ 28 (concluding that trial court
could award spousal support when the issue of temporary spousal support had been highly
contested and Wife made an oral request for spousal support at trial).
{¶13} This Court has held that, since being amended in 1990, R.C. 3105.18(B)
“expressly requires that spousal support be requested before it is awarded.” Vincent v. Vincent,
9th Dist. Summit No. 15016, 1991 WL 231563, *2 (Nov. 6, 1991). In Vincent, this Court
concluded that the trial court incorrectly awarded spousal support to Ms. Vincent because “we
must follow the plain language of [R.C. 3105.18(B)]” and “[she] made no request for spousal
support.” Id.
{¶14} Wife did not make a specific request for spousal support in her answer and
counterclaim. In her pretrial statement, Wife indicated that, regarding spousal support, the only
issue was “[w]hether this Court should retain jurisdiction over this issue.” During trial, neither
party mentioned spousal support, let alone made a request for it. Finally, in her post-trial brief,
Wife made no mention of spousal support. 7
{¶15} Wife argues that the trial court was allowed to award her spousal support because
in her answer and counterclaim she requested “such further relief [as] this Court deems just.” In
Vincent, this Court explained that, before R.C. 3105.18 was amended in 1990, “there was no
requirement that spousal support be specifically requested in order for it to be awarded.” Id.
Now, however, parties must expressly request spousal support in order for a court to award it.
Id. Wife’s general claim for relief is insufficient under R.C. 3105.18(B). Mauser v. Mauser,
11th Dist. Portage No. 2000-P-0039, 2001 WL 822678, *4-5 (July 20, 2001) (concluding that
general claim for relief was insufficient to authorize court to award spousal support); Woodland,
2007-Ohio-3503, at ¶ 21 (same).
{¶16} Wife also argues that she specifically requested spousal support in “a motion she
filed on April 19, 2012.” There is no such motion in the record. The only document that Wife
filed on April 19, 2012, was a “Notice of Service of Response to Interrogatories and Request for
Production of Documents,” which is a one-paragraph document that indicates that Wife served
her responses to Husband’s discovery requests on April 6, 2012. It does not include a request for
spousal support.
{¶17} Upon review of the record, Wife did not make an express request for spousal
support at any point during the course of the proceedings. In fact, in her only mention of spousal
support, Wife indicated that the sole issue for trial was whether the trial court should retain
jurisdiction over the issue so that it could be considered at a later date. We, therefore, conclude
that the trial court did not have authority to award Wife spousal support in its decree. See R.C.
3105.18(B). Husband’s second assignment of error is sustained.
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR III
THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AND ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN ITS FINDING THAT JON HAD PURPOSELY AND SIGNIFICANTLY 8
DIMINISHED HIS GROSS ANNUAL INCOME TO AVOID THE PAYMENT OF SPOUSAL SUPPORT, THE FURTHER FINDING THAT JON’S EARNING ABILITY IS $52,000 PER YEAR, AND THE RESULTING ORDER OBLIGATING JON TO PAY SPOUSAL SUPPORT TO PAMELA IN THE AMOUNT OF $600.00 PER MONTH FOR 70 CONSECUTIVE MONTHS.
{¶18} In his third assignment of error, Husband argues that the trial court incorrectly
calculated the amount of spousal support that he must pay. Based on our resolution of
Husband’s second assignment of error, we conclude that Husband’s third assignment of error is
moot, and we decline to address it. See App.R. 12(A)(1)(c).
III.
{¶19} Husband’s first assignment of error is overruled. His second assignment of error
is sustained. His third assignment of error is moot. The judgment of the Summit County Court
of Common Pleas, Domestic Relations Division, is affirmed in part and reversed in part, and this
matter is remanded for further proceedings consistent with this decision.
Judgment affirmed in part, and reversed in part, and cause remanded.
There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common
Pleas, County of Summit, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy
of this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.
Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of
judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the
period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is 9
instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the
mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.
Costs taxed equally to both parties.
BETH WHITMORE FOR THE COURT
HENSAL, J. SCHAFER, J. CONCUR.
APPEARANCES:
ARTHUR AXNER, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.
SUNNY M. SIMON, Attorney at Law, for Appellee.