NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS MAR 5 2018 MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
In re: HELLER EHRMAN LLP, No. 16-15385
Debtor, D.C. No. 3:14-cv-03887-CRB ______________________________
PARAVUE CORPORATION, MEMORANDUM*
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
HELLER EHRMAN LLP,
Defendant-Appellee.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of California Charles R. Breyer, District Judge, Presiding
Argued and Submitted September 14, 2017 San Francisco, California
Before: GOULD and WATFORD, Circuit Judges, and SANDS,** District Judge.
Paravue Corporation (“Paravue”) appeals from the district court’s order
* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The Honorable W. Louis Sands, United States District Judge for the Middle District of Georgia, sitting by designation. affirming the bankruptcy court’s grant of summary judgment for Heller Ehrman,
LLP (“Heller”). Paravue argues the bankruptcy court erred in finding Paravue’s
claim for legal malpractice was barred by California’s one-year statute of
limitations. We agree and reverse.1
We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 158(d). We review de novo a
bankruptcy court’s grant of summary judgment. Gladstone v. U.S. Bancorp, 811
F.3d 1133, 1138 (9th Cir. 2016). We view the evidence in the light most favorable
to the non-moving party and determine whether there are any genuine issues of
material fact and whether the bankruptcy court correctly applied substantive law.
Id.
California’s continuing representation rule provides that a claim for legal
malpractice is tolled so long as “[t]he attorney continues to represent the plaintiff
regarding the specific subject matter in which the alleged wrongful act or omission
occurred.” Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 340.6(a)(2) (Deering 2010). However, § 340.6
does not expressly state a standard to determine when an attorney’s representation
of a client regarding a specific subject matter has ended. Gonzalez v. Kalu, 43 Cal.
Rptr. 3d 866, 870 (Ct. App. 2006). In Gonzalez, the California Court of Appeal
held that “in the event of an attorney’s unilateral withdrawal or abandonment of the
1 Heller’s Motion to Strike is GRANTED. Accordingly, the submissions are STRICKEN from the record in this case. However, Heller’s Motion for Sanctions is DENIED.
2 16-15385 client, the representation ends when the client actually has or reasonably should
have no expectation that the attorney will provide further legal services.” Id. at
872. “[C]ontinuous representation should be viewed objectively from the client’s
perspective.” Id. at 873. However, “[w]hether the client actually and reasonably
believed that the attorney would provide further legal services regarding a specific
subject matter is predominantly a question of fact for the trier of fact.” Id. The
court further stated that the determination of whether the relationship terminated
may be decided as a question of law “if the undisputed facts can support only one
conclusion.” Id. (citing Jordache Enterprises, Inc. v. Brobeck, Phleger &
Harrison, 958 P.2d 1062, 1071 (Cal. 1998)).
Using the standard articulated in Gonzalez, the bankruptcy court found that
an email thread from July 3, 2007 to July 7, 2007 between Dr. Barghout and a
Heller attorney had conclusively terminated Heller’s representation of Paravue as a
matter of law. We believe this case involves a fundamental application of the
principles concerning the continuing representation rule in the context of summary
judgment. We find that the evidence in the record creates genuine issues of
material fact and, therefore, the bankruptcy court erred in granting summary
judgment. Viewing the emails in the light most favorable to Paravue, we find the
emails do not irrefutably terminate the attorney-client relationship in this case.
Genuine issues of material fact exist as to whether Heller’s substantive
3 16-15385 representation of Paravue terminated with the email thread. Further, a reasonable
fact-finder could conclude that Heller’s representation had not terminated by July
11, 2007.
On May 10, 2007, Acuity sued Paravue and Dr. Barghout. On June 27, 2007,
Acuity demanded Paravue assemble its assets for public sale. On July 3, 2007, and
through the course of several days and various emails, Dr. Barghout and her
personal counsel demanded Heller take action to prevent the sale. An attorney for
Heller responded that Heller was unable to and would not act at Dr. Barghout’s
direction. The attorney further stated to Dr. Barghout that she lacked authority to
speak for Paravue and that the attorney expected Heller would seek to withdraw as
early as the following week.
On July 10, 2007, Heller notified counsel for Dr. Barghout that Heller was
moving to withdraw. Paravue’s director and Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) had
resigned effective July 9, 2007, leaving Dr. Barghout as the sole remaining director
of Paravue. After Dr. Barghout learned of the CEO’s resignation, she appointed
herself CEO, effective immediately. On July 10, 2007, Heller also emailed Dr.
Barghout and her counsel requesting immediate consent to withdraw.
On July 11, 2007, Heller notified Dr. Barghout and her counsel that it would
appear before the court for an ex parte hearing on its application to withdraw as
counsel for Paravue and requested that they provide notice of any opposition. In
4 16-15385 response, Dr. Barghout’s counsel requested information concerning Heller’s fees
and stock as a condition of withdrawal.2 Heller was not willing to provide the
information or refund a portion of its fees.
Dr. Barghout alleges that on July 13, 2007, with the advice of Heller,3 she
appointed a director to the Board of Directors and the Board then confirmed her as
CEO. The Parties dispute when Dr. Barghout’s role as CEO became effective and
what authority she had prior to being confirmed by the Board. Heller’s application
to withdraw as counsel for Paravue was granted on July 17, 2007.
Though not a complete recitation of all the pertinent evidence, the facts
noted clearly establish that numerous genuine issues of material fact exist as to
whether Heller’s relationship with Paravue ended with the email thread, as found
by the bankruptcy court. Paravue argues that the bankruptcy court conflated Dr.
Barghout with Paravue, the corporation. We agree. It appears the bankruptcy court
viewed the facts from the perspective of Heller, the attorney, and as though Dr.
Barghout was the client, not Paravue. The evidence does not show that Paravue,
2 The basis on which Dr. Barghout withheld consent to withdraw, i.e., the disgorgement of fees, was deemed improper by the bankruptcy court. 3 We note that this fact was not raised below before either the bankruptcy court or the district court. We also note that Paravue’s citation to the record does not support their assertion that Dr. Barghout’s confirmation was done with the assistance of Heller. Therefore, we decline to include this assertion in our review.
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NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS MAR 5 2018 MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
In re: HELLER EHRMAN LLP, No. 16-15385
Debtor, D.C. No. 3:14-cv-03887-CRB ______________________________
PARAVUE CORPORATION, MEMORANDUM*
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
HELLER EHRMAN LLP,
Defendant-Appellee.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of California Charles R. Breyer, District Judge, Presiding
Argued and Submitted September 14, 2017 San Francisco, California
Before: GOULD and WATFORD, Circuit Judges, and SANDS,** District Judge.
Paravue Corporation (“Paravue”) appeals from the district court’s order
* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The Honorable W. Louis Sands, United States District Judge for the Middle District of Georgia, sitting by designation. affirming the bankruptcy court’s grant of summary judgment for Heller Ehrman,
LLP (“Heller”). Paravue argues the bankruptcy court erred in finding Paravue’s
claim for legal malpractice was barred by California’s one-year statute of
limitations. We agree and reverse.1
We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 158(d). We review de novo a
bankruptcy court’s grant of summary judgment. Gladstone v. U.S. Bancorp, 811
F.3d 1133, 1138 (9th Cir. 2016). We view the evidence in the light most favorable
to the non-moving party and determine whether there are any genuine issues of
material fact and whether the bankruptcy court correctly applied substantive law.
Id.
California’s continuing representation rule provides that a claim for legal
malpractice is tolled so long as “[t]he attorney continues to represent the plaintiff
regarding the specific subject matter in which the alleged wrongful act or omission
occurred.” Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 340.6(a)(2) (Deering 2010). However, § 340.6
does not expressly state a standard to determine when an attorney’s representation
of a client regarding a specific subject matter has ended. Gonzalez v. Kalu, 43 Cal.
Rptr. 3d 866, 870 (Ct. App. 2006). In Gonzalez, the California Court of Appeal
held that “in the event of an attorney’s unilateral withdrawal or abandonment of the
1 Heller’s Motion to Strike is GRANTED. Accordingly, the submissions are STRICKEN from the record in this case. However, Heller’s Motion for Sanctions is DENIED.
2 16-15385 client, the representation ends when the client actually has or reasonably should
have no expectation that the attorney will provide further legal services.” Id. at
872. “[C]ontinuous representation should be viewed objectively from the client’s
perspective.” Id. at 873. However, “[w]hether the client actually and reasonably
believed that the attorney would provide further legal services regarding a specific
subject matter is predominantly a question of fact for the trier of fact.” Id. The
court further stated that the determination of whether the relationship terminated
may be decided as a question of law “if the undisputed facts can support only one
conclusion.” Id. (citing Jordache Enterprises, Inc. v. Brobeck, Phleger &
Harrison, 958 P.2d 1062, 1071 (Cal. 1998)).
Using the standard articulated in Gonzalez, the bankruptcy court found that
an email thread from July 3, 2007 to July 7, 2007 between Dr. Barghout and a
Heller attorney had conclusively terminated Heller’s representation of Paravue as a
matter of law. We believe this case involves a fundamental application of the
principles concerning the continuing representation rule in the context of summary
judgment. We find that the evidence in the record creates genuine issues of
material fact and, therefore, the bankruptcy court erred in granting summary
judgment. Viewing the emails in the light most favorable to Paravue, we find the
emails do not irrefutably terminate the attorney-client relationship in this case.
Genuine issues of material fact exist as to whether Heller’s substantive
3 16-15385 representation of Paravue terminated with the email thread. Further, a reasonable
fact-finder could conclude that Heller’s representation had not terminated by July
11, 2007.
On May 10, 2007, Acuity sued Paravue and Dr. Barghout. On June 27, 2007,
Acuity demanded Paravue assemble its assets for public sale. On July 3, 2007, and
through the course of several days and various emails, Dr. Barghout and her
personal counsel demanded Heller take action to prevent the sale. An attorney for
Heller responded that Heller was unable to and would not act at Dr. Barghout’s
direction. The attorney further stated to Dr. Barghout that she lacked authority to
speak for Paravue and that the attorney expected Heller would seek to withdraw as
early as the following week.
On July 10, 2007, Heller notified counsel for Dr. Barghout that Heller was
moving to withdraw. Paravue’s director and Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) had
resigned effective July 9, 2007, leaving Dr. Barghout as the sole remaining director
of Paravue. After Dr. Barghout learned of the CEO’s resignation, she appointed
herself CEO, effective immediately. On July 10, 2007, Heller also emailed Dr.
Barghout and her counsel requesting immediate consent to withdraw.
On July 11, 2007, Heller notified Dr. Barghout and her counsel that it would
appear before the court for an ex parte hearing on its application to withdraw as
counsel for Paravue and requested that they provide notice of any opposition. In
4 16-15385 response, Dr. Barghout’s counsel requested information concerning Heller’s fees
and stock as a condition of withdrawal.2 Heller was not willing to provide the
information or refund a portion of its fees.
Dr. Barghout alleges that on July 13, 2007, with the advice of Heller,3 she
appointed a director to the Board of Directors and the Board then confirmed her as
CEO. The Parties dispute when Dr. Barghout’s role as CEO became effective and
what authority she had prior to being confirmed by the Board. Heller’s application
to withdraw as counsel for Paravue was granted on July 17, 2007.
Though not a complete recitation of all the pertinent evidence, the facts
noted clearly establish that numerous genuine issues of material fact exist as to
whether Heller’s relationship with Paravue ended with the email thread, as found
by the bankruptcy court. Paravue argues that the bankruptcy court conflated Dr.
Barghout with Paravue, the corporation. We agree. It appears the bankruptcy court
viewed the facts from the perspective of Heller, the attorney, and as though Dr.
Barghout was the client, not Paravue. The evidence does not show that Paravue,
2 The basis on which Dr. Barghout withheld consent to withdraw, i.e., the disgorgement of fees, was deemed improper by the bankruptcy court. 3 We note that this fact was not raised below before either the bankruptcy court or the district court. We also note that Paravue’s citation to the record does not support their assertion that Dr. Barghout’s confirmation was done with the assistance of Heller. Therefore, we decline to include this assertion in our review. Nonetheless, it does appear that Dr. Barghout officially became CEO on July 13, 2007.
5 16-15385 the client, “actually and reasonably believed” that Heller would provide no further
legal services. Gonzalez, 43 Cal. Rptr. 3d at 873.
In GoTek Energy v. SoCal IP Law Group, LLP, 208 Cal. Rptr. 3d 428 (Ct.
App. 2016), a law firm emailed its client, a corporation, on November 7, stating
that it “must withdraw” and “[c]onsequently, the firm’s attorney-client relationship
with [client] is terminated forthwith, and we no longer represent [it] with regard to
any matters.” Id. at 431. The next day on November 8, the client responded by
letter stating that the firm should make all necessary preparations to deliver its files
to other counsel and thanked the firm for its services. Id. On November 15, the law
firm sent a letter confirming that the attorney-client relationship was terminated
and that it was transferring all files to designated counsel. Id. The client’s CEO
testified that he believed the relationship terminated on November 15. Id. The
California Court of Appeal held that the law firm had unilaterally withdrawn
without client consent and the firm’s representation had ended on November 7, the
date of the initial email. Id. at 433.
Here, however, the emails were not directed to the CEO or any other officer
of Paravue that Heller believed at the time was authorized to act for the
corporation.4 Heller sent the emails to Dr. Barghout and her personal attorney,
4 California Rules of Professional Conduct (“CRPC”) state that a lawyer who represents an organization or entity, including a corporation, is counsel for the organization itself, acting through its highest officer, employee, body or constituent
6 16-15385 Russo. Dr. Barghout was then only the Chief Science Officer and one of two
directors for Paravue, and there is no evidence that her personal attorney was
counsel for Paravue or authorized to act for the corporation. During the course of
the email thread from July 3 to July 7, Mr. Hootnick was still CEO of Paravue. At
that time, Heller by its own statement believed Dr. Barghout had no authority to
instruct the law firm. When asked by Dr. Barghout to take legal action on behalf of
Paravue, the Heller attorney refused to do so and asserted Dr. Barghout had no
authority to direct Heller on behalf of Paravue. Therefore, the bankruptcy court
incorrectly concluded that there was no genuine issue of material fact as to whether
these emails provided sufficient notice to Paravue, a corporation, that Heller was
terminating the attorney-client relationship.
Rather than simply identify the relevant evidence and determine whether
they created a genuine issue of material fact, the bankruptcy court improperly
weighed the evidence and implicitly made credibility determinations to conclude
that no genuine issue of material fact existed as to the meaning and effect of the
emails. Accordingly, the bankruptcy court erred in granting summary judgment on
Claim 1019 because there are genuine issues of material fact regarding whether the
attorney-client relationship terminated with the email thread, whether the
overseeing the particular engagement. CRPC 3-600(A); La Jolle Cove Motel & Hotel Apts., Inc. v. Superior Court, 17 Cal. Rptr. 3d 467, 475 (Ct. App. 2004).
7 16-15385 relationship continued thereafter and, if so, for how long.
REVERSED and REMANDED.
8 16-15385