Owens v. Pennsylvania Board of Probation & Parole

753 A.2d 919, 2000 Pa. Commw. LEXIS 340

• Court: Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania
• Decided: June 14, 2000
• Status: Published

Opinions

PELLEGRINI, Judge.

James E. Owens (Owens) appeals from an order of the Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole (Board) denying his request for administrative relief in the form of credit towards his original sentence for time he spent in custody.

On February 8, 1998, while on parole, Owens was arrested and charged with two counts of possession of a controlled substance and two counts of possession with intent to deliver a controlled substance. He was released on his own recognizance but when he failed to appear at his February 16, 1998 preliminary hearing, a bench warrant was issued. On March 20, 1998, the Board issued a warrant to commit and detain Owens, and on that same date, his bail was revoked and he was taken into custody to await his new trial. On September 11, 1998, the Board recommitted Owens as a technical parole violator (TPV) when available to serve 24 months back-time. On October 29, 1998, the Assistant District Attorney withdrew the two counts of possession with intent to deliver, and Owens pled guilty to the two counts of possession of a controlled substance. The trial court sentenced Owens to “guilt without further penalty.” Section 1 of the Sentencing Code, 42 Pa.C.S. § 9723.¹ On November 6, 1998, Owens was transferred to a state prison.

Following a parole revocation hearing, the Board recommitted Owens as a convicted parole violator (CPV) to serve 12 months backtime concurrently with the 24 months backtime he received as a TPV. The Board calculated Owens’ parole violation maximum date to be July 26, 2043, and in making that calculation did not give Owens credit for the period of time he spent in confinement from March 20, 1998 to October 29, 1998. Owens filed an administrative appeal from the Board’s recalculation of his maximum term, arguing that he should have received credit towards his original sentence for the time he spent in custody from March 20, 1998 to October 29, 1998. The Board denied his appeal stating that the “no further penalty” sentence that Owens received was, in effect, a sentence for “time served,” and because he was not lodged solely due to the Board’s detainer, he received credit towards his new sentence for the time he served from March 20, 1998 to October 29, 1998. This appeal followed.²

Owens contends that the Board erred in the calculation of his parole violation maximum date because it failed to give him credit towards his original sentence for the time he spent in jail prior to his trial between March 20, 1998 to October 29, 1998, as the sentence for his new charges was “guilt” with “no further penalty” making his “guilt” the only penalty.

The law in this area is clear: when a parolee is incarcerated following an arrest based upon new criminal charges and does not post bail or has his bail revoked, time spent in jail is not credited to the parolee’s original sentence on re-commitment as a convicted parole violator because the parolee was not incarcerated solely on the Board’s warrant, and pretrial confinement time is credited to the sentence received upon conviction of new charges. Gaito v. Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole, 488 Pa. 397, 412 A.2d 568 (1980).³ If, however, a parolee is acquitted, or if no new sentence is imposed for a conviction on new charges, the pretrial custody time is to be applied to the parolee’s original sentence. Id., 412 A.2d at 571, n. 6.

Most recently, in Smarr v. Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole, 748 A.2d 799 (Pa.Cmwlth.2000), Gaito was narrowly interpreted to prohibit the crediting of time to the original sentence for time spent incarcerated while waiting for a hearing on new criminal charges after the parolee was ultimately “convicted” and “sentenced” but the sentence was probation. In SmctAr, the parolee was incarcerated not only on the Board’s detainer but “because he failed to make bail” also on the new criminal charges. Although the parolee argued that he was entitled to have time credited to his original sentence because a sentence of probation was akin to no sentence at all, this Court declined to extend the holding in Gaito because the parolee was not acquitted and a new sentence had been imposed, even if it was only probation.

This case is similar to Smarr in that Owens was detained by the Board but was also in custody as a result of the revocation of his bail for his failure to appear at his preliminary hearing. Also, he was convicted and sentenced to “guilty without further penalty.” The question then becomes whether the sentence of “guilty without further penalty” means that because probation was unnecessary, there essentially was no sentence, or that there was a “sentence” but it was for time served, requiring a credit of time to the new sentence rather than the original sentence.

A “sentence” of “guilty without further penalty” means just what it says — the parolee has been convicted of a crime and is sentenced but to serve no further penalty for that crime. Just because Section 1 of the Sentencing Code states that the court may impose a sentence of “guilty without further penalty” if it appears that probation is unnecessary, the parolee is still found guilty and a sentence is still imposed. Here, that means that Owens, who was convicted and sentenced but sentenced without having to serve any further time, was required to have time credited towards his new sentence per our holding in Smarr, and per our Supreme Court’s holding in Gaito because he was not being held solely on the Board’s detainer.⁴

Accordingly, the decision of the Board is affirmed.

ORDER

AND NOW, this 14th day of June, 2000, the order of the Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole, dated June 17, 1999, is affirmed.

1 . Section 1 provides:

If in light of all the circumstances, probation would be appropriate under section 9722 (relating to order of probation), but it appears that probation is unnecessary, the court may impose a sentence of guilty without further penalty.

2 . Our scope of review of the Board's order is limited to determining whether necessary findings of fact are supported by substantial evidence, whether an error of law was committed, or whether constitutional rights were violated. Shaw v. Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole, 744 A.2d 382 (Pa.Cmwlth.2000).

3 .See also Davidson v. Pennsylvania Board of Probation and Parole, 667 A.2d 1206 (Pa.Cmwlth.1995) (parolee who was lodged solely by Board detainer, then arrested on new charges which were nolle prossed, had time spent incarcerated credited to original sentence because nolle prosse same as acquittal).

4 . While Gaito is followed in a number of cases, footnote 6 in that opinion — which provides that a parolee shall have backtime credited if he is not convicted of new charges or no new sentence is imposed for a new conviction — was dicta and is unlike the Court’s holding that a parolee does not get backtime credited unless he is able to meet the requirements of bail for new criminal charges and is incarcerated solely on the Board’s detainer. See Smarr.