2017 IL App (1st) 152789 No. 1-15-2789 Opinion filed June 16, 2017
FIFTH DIVISION
IN THE
APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
FIRST DISTRICT
LARRY ORUTA, ) Appeal from the Circuit Court ) of Cook County. Plaintiff-Appellant, ) ) v. ) No. 2010-L-4355 ) BIOMAT USA, INC. and HARTFORD ) The Honorable INSURANCE c/o Sedgwick, CM ) James P. Flannery, Jr., ) Judge, presiding. Defendants ) ) (Biomat USA, Inc., ) ) Defendant-Appellee). )
PRESIDING JUSTICE GORDON delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion. Justice Reyes concurred in the judgment and opinion. Justice Lampkin specially concurred, with opinion.
OPINION
¶1 On January 14, 2013, the trial court dismissed defendant Biomat USA, Inc., with
prejudice from the underlying case. Two and a half years later, on September 22, 2015, No. 1-15-2789
plaintiff Larry Oruta filed a motion with the trial court seeking to file a “service of summons
*** against Biomat USA previously returned.” On September 29, 2015, the trial court denied
plaintiff’s motion, stating that: “Biomat USA, Inc. was dismissed with prejudice by Court
order on January 14, 2013.”
¶2 On September 29, 2015, the same day that the trial court denied plaintiff’s motion,
plaintiff filed a notice of appeal. On May 20, 2016, plaintiff filed an “amended” notice.
¶3 For the following reasons, this instant appeal is dismissed for lack of jurisdiction.
¶4 First, plaintiff’s notices of appeal and his brief to this court all state that “final
judgment” was granted on January 23, 2012. To the extent that these statements are true, this
court lacks jurisdiction. A notice of appeal with respect to this final judgment had to be filed
within 30 days after it was entered—not years later. Supreme Court Rule 303 provides for the
30-day requirement, and the rule states in relevant part: “The notice of appeal must be filed
with the clerk of the circuit court within 30 days after the entry of the final judgment
appealed from ***.” Ill. S. Ct. R. 303(a) (eff. Jan. 1, 2015).
¶5 When an appellant fails to file a timely notice of appeal, this court lacks jurisdiction
to hear the appeal. Supreme Court Rule 301 states, in relevant part: “The appeal is initiated
by filing a notice of appeal. No other step is jurisdictional.” Ill. S. Ct. R. 301 (eff. Feb.1,
1994). Thus the timely filing of the notice of appeal is the only jurisdictional step required to
perfect the appeal. People v. Lewis, 234 Ill. 2d 32, 37 (2009) (“The timely filing of a notice
of appeal is the only jurisdictional step required to initiate appellate review.”) Without it, this
court lacks jurisdiction and the appeal must be dismissed. Lewis, 234 Ill. 2d at 37 (“A
reviewing court lacks jurisdiction and is obliged to dismiss an appeal if there is no properly
filed notice of appeal.”).
2 No. 1-15-2789
¶6 Second, to the extent that defendant seeks to appeal the January 14, 2013, dismissal
order, we also lack jurisdiction. The trial court’s dismissal order, dated January 14, 2013,
stated in full:
“This matter coming before the Court on Biomat USA Inc.’s 735 ILCS 5/2-619
Motion to Dismiss and Quash Service (“Motion”), all parties having notice, Plaintiff
Larry Oruta having failed to appear and the Court being duly advised, IT IS
HEREBY ORDERED:
(1) Biomat USA, Inc.’s Motion is granted; and
(2) This matter is dismissed with prejudice as to Biomat USA, Inc.”
The “Jurisdiction Statement” in plaintiff’s brief does not suggest a basis for appellate
jurisdiction over the January 14, 2013, order or any other order. It states: “This appeal was
filed to reinstate citation proceedings against Hartford Ins. c\o Sedgwick CMS who were
served but filed [sic] to appear on 9-29-15 but trial court wrongfully denied motion in open
court on grounds of jurisdiction citing ex-parte proceedings yet, the new judge *** had
jurisdiction to rule upon reinstatement of citations.” Plaintiff does not cite a statutory section
or rule which provides appellate jurisdiction for “reinstatement of citations.”
¶7 Third, the trial court’s September 29, 2015, order, which merely observed that this
defendant was dismissed years ago, was not an appealable order. Both of plaintiff’s notices
of appeal state that it is the court’s September 29, 2015, order that he is appealing. The
September 29, 2015, order stated in full:
“This matter coming before the Court on Larry Oruta’s Motion filed on
9/22/2015, the Court being fully advised, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED:
3 No. 1-15-2789
(1) The motion is denied. Biomat USA, Inc. was dismissed with prejudice by
Court order on January 14, 2013.”
¶8 We cannot discern a rule under which the above order is appealable. It is not a final
judgment; the final judgment was entered in 2012 according to plaintiff. It is not one of the
types of appeals listed in Supreme Court Rule 307 (Ill. S. Ct. R. 307 (eff. Nov. 1, 2016)) as
an interlocutory appeal as of right; and since plaintiff did not petition this court for leave to
appeal, it cannot be an interlocutory appeal by permission pursuant to Supreme Court Rule
306 (Ill. S. Ct. R. 306(a) (eff. Mar. 8, 2016) (“A party may petition for leave to appeal to the
Appellate Court from the following orders of the trial court[.]”)).
¶9 The September 29, 2015, order was simply an observation by the trial court that any
litigation with respect to this defendant had terminated years ago. The entry of such an
observation does not cause an abandoned appeal right to spring back to life.
¶ 10 Defendant’s sole argument in its appellate brief is that this court lacks jurisdiction,
and we must agree. For the foregoing reasons, this appeal is dismissed for lack of
jurisdiction.
¶ 11 In addition, Supreme Court Rule 375(b) permits this court to enter sanctions against a
party if an appeal is “frivolous” or “not taken in good faith” or “for an improper purpose,
such as to harass to cause unnecessary delay or needless increase in the cost of litigation.” Ill.
S. Ct. R. 375(b) (eff. Feb. 1, 1994). “A reviewing court applies an objective standard to
determine whether an appeal is frivolous; ‘the appeal is considered frivolous if it would not
have been brought in good faith by a reasonable, prudent attorney.” Parkway Bank and Trust
Co. v. Korzen, 2013 IL App (1st) 130380, ¶ 87 (quoting Dreisilker Electric Motors, Inc. v.
Rainbow Electric Co., 203 Ill. App. 3d 304, 312 (1990)). “Sanctions may be awarded against
4 No. 1-15-2789
pro se litigants under sufficiently egregious circumstances.” Parkway, 2013 IL App (1st)
130380, ¶ 87. “The imposition of Rule 375 sanctions is left entirely to the discretion of the
reviewing court.” Parkway, 2013 IL App (1st) 130380, ¶ 87.
¶ 12 We find that the appeals filed by this pro se litigant present the type of “sufficiently
egregious circumstances” that warrant sanctions. The appellant in this case has filed multiple
appeals in this court that are frivolous or not taken in good faith. For example, just last year,
in Oruta v. B.E.W., 2016 IL App (1st) 152735, ¶ 1, we observed: “This court has dismissed
three prior appeals by plaintiff in this same case for lack of jurisdiction. Oruta v. B.E.W.,
2014 IL App (1st) 133941-U (Dec. 5, 2014) (Oruta 3); Oruta v. Bobby E. Wright
Comprehensive Behavioral Health Center, Inc., 2014 IL App (1st) 131690-U (Aug. 1, 2014)
(Oruta 2); Oruta v.
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2017 IL App (1st) 152789 No. 1-15-2789 Opinion filed June 16, 2017
FIFTH DIVISION
IN THE
APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS
FIRST DISTRICT
LARRY ORUTA, ) Appeal from the Circuit Court ) of Cook County. Plaintiff-Appellant, ) ) v. ) No. 2010-L-4355 ) BIOMAT USA, INC. and HARTFORD ) The Honorable INSURANCE c/o Sedgwick, CM ) James P. Flannery, Jr., ) Judge, presiding. Defendants ) ) (Biomat USA, Inc., ) ) Defendant-Appellee). )
PRESIDING JUSTICE GORDON delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion. Justice Reyes concurred in the judgment and opinion. Justice Lampkin specially concurred, with opinion.
OPINION
¶1 On January 14, 2013, the trial court dismissed defendant Biomat USA, Inc., with
prejudice from the underlying case. Two and a half years later, on September 22, 2015, No. 1-15-2789
plaintiff Larry Oruta filed a motion with the trial court seeking to file a “service of summons
*** against Biomat USA previously returned.” On September 29, 2015, the trial court denied
plaintiff’s motion, stating that: “Biomat USA, Inc. was dismissed with prejudice by Court
order on January 14, 2013.”
¶2 On September 29, 2015, the same day that the trial court denied plaintiff’s motion,
plaintiff filed a notice of appeal. On May 20, 2016, plaintiff filed an “amended” notice.
¶3 For the following reasons, this instant appeal is dismissed for lack of jurisdiction.
¶4 First, plaintiff’s notices of appeal and his brief to this court all state that “final
judgment” was granted on January 23, 2012. To the extent that these statements are true, this
court lacks jurisdiction. A notice of appeal with respect to this final judgment had to be filed
within 30 days after it was entered—not years later. Supreme Court Rule 303 provides for the
30-day requirement, and the rule states in relevant part: “The notice of appeal must be filed
with the clerk of the circuit court within 30 days after the entry of the final judgment
appealed from ***.” Ill. S. Ct. R. 303(a) (eff. Jan. 1, 2015).
¶5 When an appellant fails to file a timely notice of appeal, this court lacks jurisdiction
to hear the appeal. Supreme Court Rule 301 states, in relevant part: “The appeal is initiated
by filing a notice of appeal. No other step is jurisdictional.” Ill. S. Ct. R. 301 (eff. Feb.1,
1994). Thus the timely filing of the notice of appeal is the only jurisdictional step required to
perfect the appeal. People v. Lewis, 234 Ill. 2d 32, 37 (2009) (“The timely filing of a notice
of appeal is the only jurisdictional step required to initiate appellate review.”) Without it, this
court lacks jurisdiction and the appeal must be dismissed. Lewis, 234 Ill. 2d at 37 (“A
reviewing court lacks jurisdiction and is obliged to dismiss an appeal if there is no properly
filed notice of appeal.”).
2 No. 1-15-2789
¶6 Second, to the extent that defendant seeks to appeal the January 14, 2013, dismissal
order, we also lack jurisdiction. The trial court’s dismissal order, dated January 14, 2013,
stated in full:
“This matter coming before the Court on Biomat USA Inc.’s 735 ILCS 5/2-619
Motion to Dismiss and Quash Service (“Motion”), all parties having notice, Plaintiff
Larry Oruta having failed to appear and the Court being duly advised, IT IS
HEREBY ORDERED:
(1) Biomat USA, Inc.’s Motion is granted; and
(2) This matter is dismissed with prejudice as to Biomat USA, Inc.”
The “Jurisdiction Statement” in plaintiff’s brief does not suggest a basis for appellate
jurisdiction over the January 14, 2013, order or any other order. It states: “This appeal was
filed to reinstate citation proceedings against Hartford Ins. c\o Sedgwick CMS who were
served but filed [sic] to appear on 9-29-15 but trial court wrongfully denied motion in open
court on grounds of jurisdiction citing ex-parte proceedings yet, the new judge *** had
jurisdiction to rule upon reinstatement of citations.” Plaintiff does not cite a statutory section
or rule which provides appellate jurisdiction for “reinstatement of citations.”
¶7 Third, the trial court’s September 29, 2015, order, which merely observed that this
defendant was dismissed years ago, was not an appealable order. Both of plaintiff’s notices
of appeal state that it is the court’s September 29, 2015, order that he is appealing. The
September 29, 2015, order stated in full:
“This matter coming before the Court on Larry Oruta’s Motion filed on
9/22/2015, the Court being fully advised, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED:
3 No. 1-15-2789
(1) The motion is denied. Biomat USA, Inc. was dismissed with prejudice by
Court order on January 14, 2013.”
¶8 We cannot discern a rule under which the above order is appealable. It is not a final
judgment; the final judgment was entered in 2012 according to plaintiff. It is not one of the
types of appeals listed in Supreme Court Rule 307 (Ill. S. Ct. R. 307 (eff. Nov. 1, 2016)) as
an interlocutory appeal as of right; and since plaintiff did not petition this court for leave to
appeal, it cannot be an interlocutory appeal by permission pursuant to Supreme Court Rule
306 (Ill. S. Ct. R. 306(a) (eff. Mar. 8, 2016) (“A party may petition for leave to appeal to the
Appellate Court from the following orders of the trial court[.]”)).
¶9 The September 29, 2015, order was simply an observation by the trial court that any
litigation with respect to this defendant had terminated years ago. The entry of such an
observation does not cause an abandoned appeal right to spring back to life.
¶ 10 Defendant’s sole argument in its appellate brief is that this court lacks jurisdiction,
and we must agree. For the foregoing reasons, this appeal is dismissed for lack of
jurisdiction.
¶ 11 In addition, Supreme Court Rule 375(b) permits this court to enter sanctions against a
party if an appeal is “frivolous” or “not taken in good faith” or “for an improper purpose,
such as to harass to cause unnecessary delay or needless increase in the cost of litigation.” Ill.
S. Ct. R. 375(b) (eff. Feb. 1, 1994). “A reviewing court applies an objective standard to
determine whether an appeal is frivolous; ‘the appeal is considered frivolous if it would not
have been brought in good faith by a reasonable, prudent attorney.” Parkway Bank and Trust
Co. v. Korzen, 2013 IL App (1st) 130380, ¶ 87 (quoting Dreisilker Electric Motors, Inc. v.
Rainbow Electric Co., 203 Ill. App. 3d 304, 312 (1990)). “Sanctions may be awarded against
4 No. 1-15-2789
pro se litigants under sufficiently egregious circumstances.” Parkway, 2013 IL App (1st)
130380, ¶ 87. “The imposition of Rule 375 sanctions is left entirely to the discretion of the
reviewing court.” Parkway, 2013 IL App (1st) 130380, ¶ 87.
¶ 12 We find that the appeals filed by this pro se litigant present the type of “sufficiently
egregious circumstances” that warrant sanctions. The appellant in this case has filed multiple
appeals in this court that are frivolous or not taken in good faith. For example, just last year,
in Oruta v. B.E.W., 2016 IL App (1st) 152735, ¶ 1, we observed: “This court has dismissed
three prior appeals by plaintiff in this same case for lack of jurisdiction. Oruta v. B.E.W.,
2014 IL App (1st) 133941-U (Dec. 5, 2014) (Oruta 3); Oruta v. Bobby E. Wright
Comprehensive Behavioral Health Center, Inc., 2014 IL App (1st) 131690-U (Aug. 1, 2014)
(Oruta 2); Oruta v. B.E.W., 2013 IL App (1st) 123541-U (Dec. 20, 2013) (Oruta 1).” In that
same case, we observed in a footnote: “We also dismissed at least two other appeals by
plaintiff for want of prosecution. Oruta v. Continental Air Transport, No. 1-14-0404 (Nov.
24, 2014) (for failure to file a brief), petition for leave to appeal denied, No. 118911 (Sept.
30, 2015); Oruta v. Continental Air Transport, No. 1-14-3224 (Apr. 2, 2015) (for failure to
file the record).” Oruta, 2016 IL App (1st) 152735, ¶ 1 n.3.
¶ 13 In a subsequent footnote in that same opinion, we further observed: “Plaintiff has
filed not only numerous appeals in this case in the last few years, but also appeals in other
unrelated cases. E.g. Oruta v. BEK, [2011] IL App (1st) 092651-U, ¶¶ 1, 6 (another appeal,
which consolidated two separate circuit court cases, was also dismissed for lack of
jurisdiction).” Oruta, 2016 IL App (1st) 152735, ¶ 36 n.9.
5 No. 1-15-2789
¶ 14 Thus, our 2016 opinion put defendant on notice that this court was concerned with his
onslaught of seemingly endless, frivolous filings. For example, in the 2016 opinion, we
described the background of that appeal as follows:
“We provide a description of the prior appeals in this opinion so that issues do not
repeat themselves. We quote from the documents themselves because the events of
this case are so bizarre that they would be hard to believe without documentation. Just
for example, plaintiff was able to obtain from the trial court an $80,000 garnishment
order on a nonexistent judgment; and a defendant was forced to file a motion to
dismiss—multiple times—although there was never any record of a complaint being
filed which named it as a defendant.” Oruta, 2016 IL App (1st) 152735, ¶ 4.
¶ 15 The above description of that appeal is indicative of the type of conduct present in
most of these appeals. Thus, for example, in a 2013 order entered pursuant to Supreme Court
Rule 23 (Ill. S. Ct. R. 23 (eff. July 1, 2011)), this court summarized the 2013 appeal as
follows: “Plaintiff Larry Oruta filed a series of pro se complaints, that were completely
unintelligible *** seeking to enforce a judgment that never existed.” Oruta 1, 2013 IL App
(1st) 123541-U, ¶ 2.
¶ 16 Similarly, in the case at bar, plaintiff appears to be cleverly trying to use the device of
filing a motion for a subpoena as a means to resurrect the appeal rights for a years-old
dismissal.
¶ 17 This court can no longer countenance the wrongful gamesmanship exhibited by this
pro se plaintiff. Appeals are not a game, but a serious matter which consumes the time and
attention of both this court and the other litigants. As a result, we are considering imposing
6 No. 1-15-2789
sanctions on plaintiff which would involve barring plaintiff from filing any appeals again in
this court without approval of this court to determine whether the appeal is in good faith.
¶ 18 Supreme Court Rule 375(b) provides: “If the reviewing court initiates the sanction, it
shall require the party or attorney, or both, to show cause why such a sanction should not be
imposed before imposing the sanction.” (Emphasis added.) Ill. S. Ct. R. 375(b) (eff. Feb. 1.
1994); Parkway, 2013 IL App (1st) 130380, ¶ 96 (directing defendants to show cause why
we should not impose a fine on them under Supreme Court Rule 375). Normally, we would
issue a separate order setting a briefing schedule. Parkway, 2013 IL App (1st) 130380, ¶ 96.
However, in the case at bar, we find that is not necessary, since we are contemplating a fine
rather than a payment of attorney fees or costs to the other side. Parkway, 2013 IL App (1st)
130380, ¶ 96 (setting a briefing schedule on any petition for attorney fees, as well as the rule
to show cause). Thus, we order plaintiff to show cause within 30 days of the date of this
order why sanctions should not be imposed.
¶ 19 Supreme Court Rule 375(b) further provides: “Where a sanction is imposed, the
reviewing court will set forth the reasons and basis for the sanction in its opinion or in a
separate written order.” Ill. S. Ct. R. 375(b) (eff. Feb. 1. 1994). We have set forth the reasons
and basis for why we are considering a sanction in this order, as well in all the other orders
and opinions cited in this order.
¶ 20 As we have stated in the past, “[t]his court is especially solicitous of self-represented
parties who do not display punctilious compliance with our rules, particularly in cases where
the issues are clear even though the brief is deficient. However, when the line is crossed, we
have enforced our sanction rules.” Parkway, 2013 IL App (1st) 130380, ¶ 85. With this
pro se litigant, we find that the line has been crossed time after time.
7 No. 1-15-2789
¶ 21 Appeal dismissed; order to show cause entered.
¶ 22 JUSTICE LAMPKIN, specially concurring.
¶ 23 I concur only in the judgment reached by the majority.