Ortiz-Infante v. Garland

• Court: Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
• Decided: December 11, 2024
• Docket: 23-3817
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS DEC 11 2024 MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

LORENS DEL MILAGRO ORTIZ- No. 23-3817 INFANTE; MATIAS MANUEL LAZO- Agency Nos. ORTIZ; VALENTINA DEL MILAGRO A220-592-029 LAZO-ORTIZ; RUTHAMARIA JAMILE A220-490-482 LAZO-ORTIZ; RUTH MARIANA A220-490-483 OCHOA-LAZO, A220-490-481 A220-490-484 Petitioners,

v. MEMORANDUM*

MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General,

Respondent.

On Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals

Submitted December 5, 2024** San Francisco, California

Before: M. SMITH and BUMATAY, Circuit Judges, and WU, District Judge***

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). *** The Honorable George H. Wu, United States District Judge for the Central District of California, sitting by designation. Lead Petitioner1 Lorens Del Milagro Ortiz-Infante (the “Petitioner”), a native

and citizen of Peru, seeks review of a Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”)

decision affirming an Immigration Judge’s (“IJ”) denial of her application for

asylum and withholding of removal.2 Petitioner fears that, should she be removed

to Peru, she will be persecuted by her neighbor, Luis Alberto Canduvi Fiestas

(“Fiestas”), and his family. Petitioner provided evidence found to be credible by the

IJ that Fiestas and his family during one period between 2005 to 2008 threw water

on her house and insulted Petitioner and her family due to her religious activities,

and during another period in 2020 threatened her and her family between 15 and 20

times after she reported Fiestas to the police for exposing himself to her daughter.

Also, Petitioner (who appeared pro se at the removal/asylum hearing) asserted that

the IJ violated her due process rights by failing to advise her of certain procedural

rights and by failing to adequately develop the record.

1 The Petitioners are the lead Petitioner (A220-592-029), her three minor children (A220-490-481, A220-490-482, A220-490-483), and her grandchild (A220-490- 484). The three minor children seek asylum as derivative beneficiaries of the lead Petitioner. The grandchild (A220-490-484) seeks asylum as a derivative of her mother (A220-490-481). 2 Petitioner did not appeal the IJ’s denial of her request for protection under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”) to the BIA. The Petitioners’ opening brief does not address that waiver nor does it make any specific arguments concerning the CAT. The issue of CAT protection is not properly before this Court as it was not exhausted before the BIA nor meaningfully addressed in Petitioners’ opening brief. See Umana-Escobar v. Garland, 69 F.4th 544, 550 (9th Cir. 2023).

2 This Court, which has jurisdiction to review the BIA’s decision pursuant to 8

U.S.C. § 1252(a), reviews due process challenges de novo (see Olea-Serefina v.

Garland, 34 F.4th 856, 866 (9th Cir. 2022)), and the denial of withholding of

removal for substantial evidence (see Garcia-Milian v. Holder, 755 F.3d 1026, 1031

(9th Cir. 2014)). Here, the IJ did not violate Petitioner’s due process rights, and the

BIA’s findings that Petitioner failed to establish her eligibility for asylum and

withholding of removal are supported by substantial evidence. We therefore deny

her petition for review.

1. The IJ did not violate Petitioner’s due process rights. In order to succeed

on a due process claim, Petitioner bears the burden of establishing both that “the

proceeding was so fundamentally unfair that [she] was prevented from reasonably

presenting [her] case” and that “the outcome of the proceeding may have been

affected by the alleged violation.” See Lacsina Pangilinan v. Holder, 568 F.3d 708,

709 (9th Cir. 2009). She has established neither. Prior to the October 26, 2022

hearing, various IJs had: (1) continued the hearing at Petitioner’s request in order to

allow her to prepare her case and attempt to seek counsel; (2) fully advised Petitioner

of her rights including the opportunity to present her own evidence such as

documents and testimony from witnesses and the right to question the government’s

witnesses and evidence; (3) inquired as to whether she understood her rights, to

which she answered “yes” and also asked her if she had any questions, to which she

3 said “no;” and (4) made sure that Petitioner’s paperwork was in order. At the

October 26, 2022 hearing, the IJ: (1) asked Petitioner if she was ready to proceed

pro se (to which she answered “yes”), (2) did not act in a way that prevented

meaningful testimony from being heard or evidence being submitted, and (3) asked

open-ended and clarifying questions to fully develop the record. See Zamorano v.

Garland, 2 F.4th 1213, 1226 (9th Cir. 2021); Oshodi v. Holder, 729 F.3d 883, 890

(9th Cir. 2013). There is no evidence that he did not act as a neutral arbiter.

Additionally, Petitioner has identified no specific relevant fact(s) or evidence

that she wanted to submit during the final removal hearing (and was prevented from

doing so) or that the IJ failed to consider. Thus, she has not established prejudice

and, consequently, any due process violation. See Grigoryan v. Barr, 959 F.3d 1233,

1240 (9th Cir. 2020).

2. Substantial evidence supports the BIA’s determination that Petitioner

failed to establish her eligibility for asylum and withholding of removal. See I.N.S.

v. Elias-Zacarias, 502 U.S. 478, 481 n.1 (1992). The facts presented by the

Petitioner do not compel the conclusion that Petitioner was persecuted in the past,

would be in the future, or that the Peruvian government was unwilling or unable to

protect her from her alleged persecutors. “Simply stated, ‘not all negative treatment

equates with persecution.’” Sharma v. Garland, 9 F.4th 1052, 1060-61 (9th Cir.

2021) (quoting Lanza v. Ashcroft, 389 F.3d 917, 934 (9th Cir. 2004)). The two

4 situations raised by Petitioner – (1) having one’s house doused with water and being

insulted for religious activities and (2) being threatened 15 to 20 times after reporting

to the police a neighbor’s flashing his genitals to her daughter – may qualify as

“condemnable mistreatment” or harassment, but do not rise to the level of

persecution. Id. at 1060. This is especially so where the first state of affairs only

lasted between 2005 to 2008 and the Petitioner remained at the residence for another

13 years thereafter. As to the second situation, all of the threats were merely verbal

and never escalated into violence (or even any attempted violence) or resulted in any

physical harm. Furthermore, the Peruvian police immediately arrested Fiestas upon

her report,3 and Petitioner did not present any objective evidence either that she

followed up with the police or that she had any reason to believe that further contact

with the police would be futile. Thus, she has failed to show that the alleged

persecution was committed by the government or forces that the government was

unable or unwilling to control. See Truong v. Holder, 613 F.3d 938, 941 (9th Cir.

2010).

PETITION DENIED.

3 Fiestas was released about a week after his arrest, allegedly due to bribery, but potentially due to bail payment or a lack of evidence. 5