IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT
No. 00-31478 Summary Calendar
HELENA ORPHEY,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
versus
LARRY G. MASSANARI, ACTING COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL SECURITY,
Defendant-Appellee.
-------------------- Appeal from the United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana (99-CV-1612) -------------------- July 17, 2001
Before HIGGINBOTHAM, WIENER, and BARKSDALE, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:*
Plaintiff-Appellant Helena Orphey has appealed the district
court's judgment affirming the Commissioner's denial of her
application for disability insurance benefits. We may not review
the Commissioner's refusal to reopen prior disability insurance
applications; neither may we review the Commissioner's
determination that the question whether Orphey suffered from a
disabling condition prior to December 18, 1992, was res judicata.
See Robertson v. Bowen, 803 F.2d 808, 810 (5th Cir. 1986). Orphey
contends that her claim for disability insurance benefits for all
* Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR. R. 47.5.4. times before December 18, 1992 is not res judicata because her
mental impairment must be reevaluated under the transitional
provisions in Section 5 of the Social Security Disability Benefits
Reform Act of 1984, Pub. L. 98-460, 98 Stat. 1794, 1801-02 (1984)
(the "DBRA"). This argument is without merit. Regulations
implementing Section 5 of the DBRA, became effective on August 28,
1995, prior to the filing of Orphey's first application for
disability insurance benefits; and the transitional provisions,
cited by Orphey, are not applicable. See Passopulos v. Sullivan,
976 F.2d 642, 646 (11th Cir. 1992).
Orphey contends that the Commissioner committed errors of law
in determining that she was not disabled and that the
Commissioner's determination was not supported by substantial
evidence. See Villa v. Sullivan, 895 F.2d 1019, 1021 (5th Cir.
1990). The Administrative Law Judge ("ALJ") determined at step 4
of the sequential process that Orphey was capable of performing her
past relevant work as a teacher's aide, and, accordingly, was not
disabled. See Newton v. Apfel, 209 F.3d 448, 453 (5th Cir. 2000).
Orphey argues that the Secretary implicitly found her unable
to perform her past relevant work in 1988 in its decision denying
her first application for disability insurance benefits. This
argument is specious. The purported finding relates to a different
period of time and the argument is based on findings that were
vacated by the Appeals Council's subsequent remand order. On
remand, the ALJ determined that Orphey was capable of performing
her past relevant work.
2 Orphey also argues that the ALJ erred in relying on the
Dictionary of Occupational Titles in determining that she was
capable of performing her past relevant work as it is performed in
the national economy. She contends that her past relevant work, as
she actually performed it, involved heavy lifting. This argument
too is without merit. To determine whether Orphey could perform
her past relevant work, the ALJ was required to assess the physical
demands of that work. See Villa, 895 F.2d at 1022. "This
determination may rest on descriptions of past work as actually
performed or as generally performed in the national economy. ALJs
may take notice of job data in the Dictionary of Occupational
Titles . . . ." Id. (internal citation omitted); see Leggett v.
Chater, 67 F.3d 558, 564-65 (5th Cir. 1995).
Orphey asserts that the occupation of teacher's aide is semi-
skilled. She argues that the ALJ determined in 1988 that Orphey
had no transferable skills. As she is unskilled, contends Orphey,
there is no evidence supporting the ALJ's finding that she
possessed the skills necessary to perform the occupation as it is
performed in the national economy. This contention as well is
without merit. The 1988 decision was vacated by the Appeals
Council and Orphey's insistence that she did not have the skills
necessary to be a teacher's aide is belied by the fact that she
worked as a teacher's aide for 18 years.
Orphey contends that there is no evidence that she could
perform the full range of light work, given her stooping, sitting,
walking, and standing restrictions. Yet again, her argument is
3 without merit. Dr. Charles Ahlm concluded that Orphey was limited
to "frequent" climbing, balancing, stooping, kneeling, crouching,
and crawling only. The Commissioner's determination that Orphey
was capable of performing a full range of light work was supported
by substantial evidence.
Orphey advances that the ALJ failed to give adequate weight to
the reports of Drs. John Sabatier, Charles Robertson, and Charles
Cox in determining that the onset date of her mental illness post-
dated the expiration of her insured status on December 31, 1992.
"A claimant is eligible for benefits only if the onset of the
qualifying medical impairment [or combination of impairments] began
on or before the date the claimant was last insured." Loza v.
Apfel, 219 F.3d 378, 393 (5th Cir. 2000). "The claimant's stated
onset date of disability is to be used as the established date when
it is consistent with available medical evidence and may be
rejected only if reasons are articulated and the reasons given are
supported by substantial evidence." Id.; see Ivy v. Sullivan, 898
F.2d 1045, 1048 (5th Cir. 1990). "The starting point of
determining the onset date is the claimant's allegation as to when
the disability began, and the date the disability caused the
claimant to stop work is very significant. Nevertheless, the
medical evidence is the primary element in the determination of the
onset of disability." Spellman v. Shalala, 1 F.3d 357, 361 (5th
Cir. 1993) (internal citations omitted).
Retrospective medical diagnoses constitute relevant evidence
of pre-expiration disability. See Jones v. Chater, 65 F.3d 102,
4 104 (8th Cir. 1995). "Where the onset date is critical, however,
retrospective medical opinions alone will usually not suffice
unless the claimed disability date is corroborated, as by
subjective evidence from lay observers like family members." Id.;
see Likes v.
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IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT
No. 00-31478 Summary Calendar
HELENA ORPHEY,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
versus
LARRY G. MASSANARI, ACTING COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL SECURITY,
Defendant-Appellee.
-------------------- Appeal from the United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana (99-CV-1612) -------------------- July 17, 2001
Before HIGGINBOTHAM, WIENER, and BARKSDALE, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:*
Plaintiff-Appellant Helena Orphey has appealed the district
court's judgment affirming the Commissioner's denial of her
application for disability insurance benefits. We may not review
the Commissioner's refusal to reopen prior disability insurance
applications; neither may we review the Commissioner's
determination that the question whether Orphey suffered from a
disabling condition prior to December 18, 1992, was res judicata.
See Robertson v. Bowen, 803 F.2d 808, 810 (5th Cir. 1986). Orphey
contends that her claim for disability insurance benefits for all
* Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR. R. 47.5.4. times before December 18, 1992 is not res judicata because her
mental impairment must be reevaluated under the transitional
provisions in Section 5 of the Social Security Disability Benefits
Reform Act of 1984, Pub. L. 98-460, 98 Stat. 1794, 1801-02 (1984)
(the "DBRA"). This argument is without merit. Regulations
implementing Section 5 of the DBRA, became effective on August 28,
1995, prior to the filing of Orphey's first application for
disability insurance benefits; and the transitional provisions,
cited by Orphey, are not applicable. See Passopulos v. Sullivan,
976 F.2d 642, 646 (11th Cir. 1992).
Orphey contends that the Commissioner committed errors of law
in determining that she was not disabled and that the
Commissioner's determination was not supported by substantial
evidence. See Villa v. Sullivan, 895 F.2d 1019, 1021 (5th Cir.
1990). The Administrative Law Judge ("ALJ") determined at step 4
of the sequential process that Orphey was capable of performing her
past relevant work as a teacher's aide, and, accordingly, was not
disabled. See Newton v. Apfel, 209 F.3d 448, 453 (5th Cir. 2000).
Orphey argues that the Secretary implicitly found her unable
to perform her past relevant work in 1988 in its decision denying
her first application for disability insurance benefits. This
argument is specious. The purported finding relates to a different
period of time and the argument is based on findings that were
vacated by the Appeals Council's subsequent remand order. On
remand, the ALJ determined that Orphey was capable of performing
her past relevant work.
2 Orphey also argues that the ALJ erred in relying on the
Dictionary of Occupational Titles in determining that she was
capable of performing her past relevant work as it is performed in
the national economy. She contends that her past relevant work, as
she actually performed it, involved heavy lifting. This argument
too is without merit. To determine whether Orphey could perform
her past relevant work, the ALJ was required to assess the physical
demands of that work. See Villa, 895 F.2d at 1022. "This
determination may rest on descriptions of past work as actually
performed or as generally performed in the national economy. ALJs
may take notice of job data in the Dictionary of Occupational
Titles . . . ." Id. (internal citation omitted); see Leggett v.
Chater, 67 F.3d 558, 564-65 (5th Cir. 1995).
Orphey asserts that the occupation of teacher's aide is semi-
skilled. She argues that the ALJ determined in 1988 that Orphey
had no transferable skills. As she is unskilled, contends Orphey,
there is no evidence supporting the ALJ's finding that she
possessed the skills necessary to perform the occupation as it is
performed in the national economy. This contention as well is
without merit. The 1988 decision was vacated by the Appeals
Council and Orphey's insistence that she did not have the skills
necessary to be a teacher's aide is belied by the fact that she
worked as a teacher's aide for 18 years.
Orphey contends that there is no evidence that she could
perform the full range of light work, given her stooping, sitting,
walking, and standing restrictions. Yet again, her argument is
3 without merit. Dr. Charles Ahlm concluded that Orphey was limited
to "frequent" climbing, balancing, stooping, kneeling, crouching,
and crawling only. The Commissioner's determination that Orphey
was capable of performing a full range of light work was supported
by substantial evidence.
Orphey advances that the ALJ failed to give adequate weight to
the reports of Drs. John Sabatier, Charles Robertson, and Charles
Cox in determining that the onset date of her mental illness post-
dated the expiration of her insured status on December 31, 1992.
"A claimant is eligible for benefits only if the onset of the
qualifying medical impairment [or combination of impairments] began
on or before the date the claimant was last insured." Loza v.
Apfel, 219 F.3d 378, 393 (5th Cir. 2000). "The claimant's stated
onset date of disability is to be used as the established date when
it is consistent with available medical evidence and may be
rejected only if reasons are articulated and the reasons given are
supported by substantial evidence." Id.; see Ivy v. Sullivan, 898
F.2d 1045, 1048 (5th Cir. 1990). "The starting point of
determining the onset date is the claimant's allegation as to when
the disability began, and the date the disability caused the
claimant to stop work is very significant. Nevertheless, the
medical evidence is the primary element in the determination of the
onset of disability." Spellman v. Shalala, 1 F.3d 357, 361 (5th
Cir. 1993) (internal citations omitted).
Retrospective medical diagnoses constitute relevant evidence
of pre-expiration disability. See Jones v. Chater, 65 F.3d 102,
4 104 (8th Cir. 1995). "Where the onset date is critical, however,
retrospective medical opinions alone will usually not suffice
unless the claimed disability date is corroborated, as by
subjective evidence from lay observers like family members." Id.;
see Likes v. Callahan, 112 F.3d 189, 190-91 (5th Cir. 1997)
(adopting Jones); see also Loza, 219 F.3d at 396.
Although Orphey's stated onset date is not inconsistent with
the medical evidence, see Loza, 219 F.3d at 393, the ALJ did
expressly consider the retrospective medical evidence. The ALJ
noted that Drs. Robertson and Cox had not expressed opinions about
the onset date of Orphey's mental illness, that no corroborating
lay testimony had been presented, and that the medical evidence
prior to the expiration of Orphey's insured status did not mention
that Orphey suffered from depression or any other mental illness.
The ALJ noted specifically that the physicians who were managing
Orphey's arthritic pain did not mention that she was depressed.
Orphey nevertheless urges that the ALJ erred by failing to
consult a medical advisor. Unlike the situation in Spellman, 1
F.3d at 362, the contemporaneous medical evidence in this case is
not ambiguous, and there was no medical evidence prior to the
expiration of Orphey's insured status indicating that Orphey was
suffering from a mental illness.
Orphey also urges that the ALJ erred by failing to apply the
severity standard of Stone v. Heckler, 752 F.2d 1099, 1101 (5th
Cir. 1985), in evaluating her mental impairments. As the medical
records do not indicate that the onset date of Orphey's mental
5 impairments pre-date the expiration of her insured status, Stone is
inapplicable. For the same reason, the ALJ was not required to
evaluate Orphey's mental impairments under 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520a.
For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the district court
is, in all respects,
AFFIRMED.