Oller v. State

371 S.E.2d 455, 187 Ga. App. 818, 1988 Ga. App. LEXIS 874
CourtCourt of Appeals of Georgia
DecidedJuly 13, 1988
Docket76449
StatusPublished
Cited by76 cases

This text of 371 S.E.2d 455 (Oller v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Georgia primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Oller v. State, 371 S.E.2d 455, 187 Ga. App. 818, 1988 Ga. App. LEXIS 874 (Ga. Ct. App. 1988).

Opinions

Birdsong, Chief Judge.

Appellant was convicted of one count of child molestation and sentenced to ten years confinement. Held:

1. The State has filed a motion to dismiss this appeal on the grounds that the notice of appeal was filed late. Appellant is an indigent defendant. He was sentenced and advised of his right to appeal on April 8, 1987, and this judgment was filed on April 9, 1987. Pursuant to the procedural provisions of OCGA § 5-6-38 (a), appellant was required to file his notice of appeal within 30 days from the date of the appealable decision or judgment complained of. However, as May 9, 1987 fell on a Saturday, the filing time was extended by law to Monday, May 11, 1987. See, e.g., OCGA § 1-3-1 (d) (3); Grant v. State, 157 Ga. App. 390 (278 SE2d 53). On May 5, 1987, appellant who was then incarcerated in jail signed a letter, addressed to the trial judge, which although inartfully worded, clearly expressed his desire to appeal his criminal conviction. This letter was received on May 11, 1987, by the trial judge who filed it in the Office of the Clerk of Courts on the next day. First appellate counsel for the appellant was notified of her appointment on or about July 26, 1987. A formal notice of appeal was filed on August 5, 1987. On September 22, 1987, appellant filed a motion for out-of-time appeal, and a hearing on the motion was held on October 2, 1987. At the hearing the trial judge and appellant’s counsel inserted into the record the chronological chain of events known to them regarding the filing of appellant’s appeal. The trial judge observed that the appellant had dated his request for appeal within the 30-day time period, but that the letter had not reached the trial judge until after the period expired. The judge found this mailing delay to be inexplicable, but concluded that he was “not inclined” to charge the delay against the appellant. After considering the known chain of events and appellant’s letter, the trial judge ordered that the appellant would be permitted to continue with his out-of-time appeal.

“The timely filing of a notice of appeal in accordance with the [819]*819statutory requirement is essential to confer jurisdiction upon an appellate court.” Mitchell v. State, 157 Ga. App. 181 (1) (276 SE2d 864). However, the statutory time requirement of OCGA § 5-6-38 is to be liberally construed so as to bring about a decision on the merits of every case appealed and to avoid dismissal of any case or refusal to consider any points raised therein, except as specifically referred to and authorized by applicable statute. OCGA § 5-6-30. Further, it is sufficient if the provisions of OCGA § 5-6-38 are substantially complied with in the notification of appeal process. OCGA § 1-3-1 (c).

As the trial judge concluded that any delay in forwarding appellant’s letter requesting appeal would not be attributable to the fault of the indigent appellant, and as there exists no reason for this court to reverse this finding of the trial court, we are satisfied that appellant’s letter would have reached the trial judge before expiration of the statutory appeal period but for the fault of some person or agency other than appellant. In Douglas v. California, 372 U. S. 353, 355-358 (83 SC 814, 9 LE2d 811), the United States Supreme Court held that an indigent accused who desired to appeal was entitled to the assistance of counsel on appeal. This constitutional requirement comprehends that effective assistance of counsel will be timely provided. See generally Evitts v. Lucey, 469 U. S. 387, 396 (105 SC 830, 83 LE2d 821); see also Conway v. State, 183 Ga. App. 573 (359 SE2d 438). “This right extends to every indigent accused who indicates his desire to appeal.” McAuliffe v. Rutledge, 231 Ga. 1, 3 (200 SE2d 100). Further, we recognize that an unrepresented indigent accused, especially one who has been duly incarcerated following trial, is not always on the same footing, as the rich accused who is continuously represented by counsel of his own choosing, in drafting and submitting a notice of intent to appeal. In fact, one of the important functions of the appellate counsel is to timely “present an appeal in a form suitable for appellate consideration on the merits.” Evitts, supra at 393. Nevertheless, “[w]here the record shows that a criminal defendant voluntarily elects to forego a timely appeal following conviction, it is not error to deny his subsequent motion for an out-of-time appeal.” (Emphasis supplied.) Westberry v. State, 257 Ga. 617 (362 SE2d 346).

In view of the existing state of the law, coupled with the operative facts of this case, we are satisfied that the trial judge did not abuse his discretion in granting appellant’s motion for out-of-time appeal. Accordingly, appellee’s motion to dismiss appeal is denied.

2. Appellant asserts that the trial court “committed reversible error by permitting the introduction and . . . testimony of a crime committed by appellant in 1979 to be admitted into evidence.”

Evidence of similar crimes is admissible where its relevance to show identity, motive, plan, scheme, bent of mind and course of conduct, outweighs its prejudicial impact. “However, before it is admissi[820]*820ble, two conditions must be satisfied. First, there must be evidence that the defendant was in fact the perpetrator of the independent crime. Second, there must be sufficient similarity or connection between the independent crime and the offense charged.” Anderson v. State, 184 Ga. App. 293, 294 (361 SE2d 270). Mere lapse of time between the commission of any prior similar crimes and the commission of the offenses currently at trial does not render the evidence automatically inadmissible. See Rich v. State, 254 Ga. 11, 14 (325 SE2d 761) (evidence eleven years old not inadmissible). Rather, lapse of time is a factor to be taken into consideration when balancing the probative value of the evidence against its potentially prejudicial impact.

We are satisfied that sufficient evidence exists to establish that appellant was in fact the perpetrator of the 1979 crimes. As in Glass v. State, 181 Ga. App. 448 (352 SE2d 642), appellant offered no evidence to contradict that he was the person named in the 1979 documents. Concordance of name alone is some evidence of identity; and, in the absence of any denial by the appellant or other proof to the contrary, this concordance of name is sufficient to show that the appellant and the individual previously convicted were one and the same person. Id. In fact, appellant judicially admitted that he was the same person as named in the record of indictment and previous convictions, and that his signature did appear thereon.

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Bluebook (online)
371 S.E.2d 455, 187 Ga. App. 818, 1988 Ga. App. LEXIS 874, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/oller-v-state-gactapp-1988.