Oles v. State

965 S.W.2d 641, 1998 Tex. App. LEXIS 1367, 1998 WL 95098
CourtCourt of Appeals of Texas
DecidedMarch 5, 1998
Docket01-96-01425-CR
StatusPublished
Cited by17 cases

This text of 965 S.W.2d 641 (Oles v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Texas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Oles v. State, 965 S.W.2d 641, 1998 Tex. App. LEXIS 1367, 1998 WL 95098 (Tex. Ct. App. 1998).

Opinions

OPINION

TAFT, Justice.

Appellant pled guilty to murder. The trial court sentenced appellant to 20-years imprisonment in accordance with the plea agreement. Appellant appeals the trial court’s denial of his pretrial motion to suppress evidence. We address an issue of first impression: whether police may test the clothing of a person lawfully arrested for one offense in order to investigate that person’s involvement in another offense. We affirm.

Facts

After being found at the scene of a murder, appellant was detained for questioning as a witness to the murder. While appellant was in custody, a deputy sheriff discovered appellant had an outstanding arrest warrant for probation violations (MRP warrant). Appellant was arrested pursuant to the MRP warrant, not for the murder.

The Harris County Sheriff’s Department took appellant’s clothing and shoes on which no blood was visible. The Sheriff’s Department sent appellant’s clothing to the Medical Examiner’s office for testing, without a warrant. A forensic serologist tested appellant’s clothing and shoes by spraying a substance that illuminates spots of nonvisible blood and found blood on his shoe. Further testing matched the blood on appellant’s shoe with the complainant’s blood.

Validity of Search

In appellant’s sole point of error, he contends the trial court erred in denying his motion to suppress evidence. First, he [643]*643claims that, because the State did not produce the MRP warrant, a reviewing court is unable to determine if the arrest warrant and the subsequent search were valid. See Miller v. State, 736 S.W.2d 643, 648 (Tex.Crim.App.1987). Second, appellant argues that, even if the warrant was valid, the search of his clothing was illegal because it was in furtherance of an investigation for a different offense from the one for which appellant was arrested.

A. Waiver

The State argues appellant has waived any error in regard to the validity of the arrest. Not objecting waives error on appeal. Tex.R.App. P. 33.1; Turner v. State, 805 S.W.2d 423, 431 (Tex.Crim.App.1991). If the argument on appeal does not comport with the trial objection, error is waived. Fierro v. State, 706 S.W.2d 310, 316 (Tex.Crim.App.1986).

Appellant’s motion to suppress generally stated that the search and arrest were illegal. His supplemental motion to suppress stated that the seizure of appellant’s clothing and shoes was illegal and done without a warrant. It stated there were no exigent circumstances to authorize the seizure without a warrant; therefore the seizure violated the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution, Article I, § 9 of the Texas Constitution, and Code of Criminal Procedure articles 14.01 to 14.06 (Vernon 1977 & Supp. 1998) and article 38.23 (Vernon Supp.1998). We agree with the State that appellant did not argue the MRP arrest warrant was invalid either in his motion or at the hearing. Therefore, appellant has waived any error on appeal in regard to this argument. See Fierro, 706 S.W.2d at 316; Tex.R.App. P. 33.1.

B. Standard of Review

We generally review a trial court’s ruling on a motion to suppress for abuse of discretion. See Maddox v. State, 682 S.W.2d 563, 564 (Tex.Crim.App.1985); Santos v. State, 822 S.W.2d 338, 339 (Tex.App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 1992, pet. refd). However, when presented with a question of law based on undisputed facts, we apply de novo review. Guzman v. State, 955 S.W.2d 85, 89 (Tex.Crim.App.1997) (holding that de novo standard applies to motion to suppress involving mixed questions of law and fact not turning on the credibility of witnesses).

C.Investigating a Separate Offense

Appellant did preserve his argument that the search of his clothing, by scientific testing, was illegal because it was in furtherance of an investigation for a different offense from the one for which he was arrested. This is an issue of first impression. The Fourth Amendment rule against warrantless searches and seizures is subject to various exceptions. See United States v. Edwards, 415 U.S. 800, 802, 94 S.Ct. 1234, 1236, 39 L.Ed.2d 771 (1974), overruled on other grounds, United States v. Chadwick, 433 U.S. 1, 15, 97 S.Ct. 2476, 2485, 53 L.Ed.2d 538 (1977). One exception permits warrant-less searches incident to custodial arrest; traditionally it has been justified by the reasonableness of searching for weapons, instruments of escape, and further “evidence of the particular crime” when a person is taken into custody and lawfully detained. See United States v. Robinson, 414 U.S. 218, 218, 94 S.Ct. 467, 469, 38 L.Ed.2d 427 (1973); Edwards, 415 U.S. at 805, 94 S.Ct. at 1238. This general exception has historically meant that a search may be made of the arrestee’s person and of the area within the arrestee’s control. Robinson, 414 U.S. at 224, 94 S.Ct. at 471.

The warrantless seizure of a suspect’s clothing subsequent to a legal arrest, while in custody or detention, is permissible. See Edwards, 415 U.S. at 806, 94 S.Ct. at 1238; Marquez v. State, 725 S.W.2d 217, 234 (Tex.Crim.App.1987). The United States Supreme Court has held that the authority to search the person incident to a lawful custodial arrest, while based upon the need to disarm and to discover evidence, does not depend on what a court may later decide the probability was that weapons or evidence would be found on the suspect’s person. Robinson, 414 U.S. at 235, 94 S.Ct. at 477. A custodial arrest of a suspect based on probable cause is a reasonable intrusion under the Fourth Amendment; that intrusion [644]*644being lawful, a search incident to the arrest requires no additional justification. Id. at 233-37, 94 S.Ct. at 476-77 (holding arrest justified search of person despite fact search could not provide any evidence or fruits of traffic violation for which suspect was arrested).

The State relies on Edwards. The issue in Edwards was whether police actions were incident to arrest when the police waited until the morning after the arrestee was booked before taking his clothing and subjecting it to laboratory analysis. See 415 U.S. at 805, 94 S.Ct. at 1238. The Court held that “in a situation like” the one in Edwards, the legal arrest of a person for at least a reasonable time and to a reasonable extent takes the arrestee’s “own privacy out of the realm of protection from police interest in weapons, means of escape, and evidence.” 415 U.S. at 809, 94 S.Ct. at 1239-40.

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Oles v. State
965 S.W.2d 641 (Court of Appeals of Texas, 1998)

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965 S.W.2d 641, 1998 Tex. App. LEXIS 1367, 1998 WL 95098, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/oles-v-state-texapp-1998.