Okkerse v. Prudential Property and Casualty Insurance Co.

625 A.2d 663, 425 Pa. Super. 396, 1993 Pa. Super. LEXIS 1450
CourtSuperior Court of Pennsylvania
DecidedMay 4, 1993
Docket01868
StatusPublished
Cited by14 cases

This text of 625 A.2d 663 (Okkerse v. Prudential Property and Casualty Insurance Co.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Superior Court of Pennsylvania primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Okkerse v. Prudential Property and Casualty Insurance Co., 625 A.2d 663, 425 Pa. Super. 396, 1993 Pa. Super. LEXIS 1450 (Pa. Ct. App. 1993).

Opinion

HESTER, Judge.

Douglas Okkerse, in his capacity as guardian of his wife, Lynn Okkerse, appeals from the April 27, 1992 order dismissing several counts of his multi-count complaint. The issues presented in this appeal relate to the propriety of the trial court’s dismissal of the count in the complaint premised upon the application of 42 Pa.C.S. § 8371, which provides for the imposition of interest, attorney’s fees, and punitive damages when an insurer, in bad faith, denies a claim. We conclude that because the insurer’s alleged bad faith conduct occurred after the effective date of section 8371, that section can be applied in this proceeding even though the insurance contract was issued prior to the date. We also rule that the section 8371 claim should not have been dismissed due to its potential conflict with the attorney’s fees and interest recoverable under sections 1009.106(a)(2) and 1009.107(3) of the former Pennsylvania No-fault Motor Vehicle Insurance Act, 40 P.S. §§ 1009.-101-1009.701 (repealed effective October 1, 1984) (“No-Fault Act”). We reverse.

Appellant instituted this declaratory judgment action on August 13, 1990, against Prudential Property and Casualty Insurance Company seeking a determination that he is entitled to a continuation of first party benefits on behalf of his *399 incompetent wife under an insurance policy governed by the provisions of the No-fault Act. The complaint indicates the following. On June 3, 1983, Mrs. Okkerse sustained severe and disabling injuries in an automobile accident. At the time, she was insured under a policy issued in accordance with the provisions of the No-fault Act. As a result of the accident, appellant never will be able to care for herself again.

Since June 3,1983, Mrs. Okkerse has been receiving various medical and vocational rehabilitation services, which were paid by appellee until June 26, 1991, when it informed appellant that it would no longer pay for certain services, including certain physical, speech, equestrian, and occupational therapies. Appellant provided appellee with various opinions of medical providers that the described therapies continue to improve Mrs. Okkerse’s cognitive, social, and vocational functioning, her physical capabilities, her psychological well-being, and her quality of life. Appellee nonetheless stopped paying for those services. Appellant alleged that the denial of coverage was in bad faith.

Appellee filed preliminary objections to five counts of the seven-count complaint. The trial court sustained those objections, and this appeal followed. 1 On appeal, appellant’s argument relates only to the propriety of the court’s decision to strike count four, which was premised upon the application of 42 Pa.C.S. § 8371. Accordingly, we consider only the propriety of the court’s decision striking count four. 42 Pa.C.S. § 8371 provides:

*400 Actions on insurance policies
In an action arising under an insurance policy, if the court finds that the insurer has acted in bad faith toward the insured, the court may take all of the following actions:
(1) Award interest on the amount of the claim from the date the claim was made by the insured in an amount equal to the prime rate of interest plus 3%.
(2) Award punitive damages against the insurer.
(3) Assess court costs and attorney fees against the insurer.

First, we examine whether the trial court correctly concluded that section 8371 could apply only to insurance policies issued after the effective date of section 8371. Statutes which affect substantive rights are not applied retroactively. The statute will be considered retroactive in its application only when it relates back to give a previous transaction a legal effect different from that which it had under the law in effect when the transaction occurred. McMahon v. McMahon, 417 Pa.Super. 592, 612 A.2d 1360 (1992). Further, a statute may be applied in a proceeding if it does not impair a contract, disturb a vested right, or vary existing obligations contrary to their situation when entered. Smith v. Fenner, 399 Pa. 633, 161 A.2d 150 (1960).

In Lynn v. Prudential Property and Casualty Insurance Co., 422 Pa.Super. 479, 619 A.2d 779 (1993), we held that a provision which does not impair an insurer’s obligations under a policy of insurance but merely imposes new procedures for the enforcement of those rights could be applied to insurance contracts entered prior to the effective date of the statute.

Herein, appellee’s obligations under the policy issued prior to the effective date of section 8371 have not been changed. Section 8371 also does not affect either the terms of the insurance contract or the vested rights thereunder. It merely prohibits an insurer from engaging in a bad faith refusal to pay benefits due under the policy. 2 An insurer did not have a *401 right to act in bad faith toward its insured prior to the statute’s enactment. Thus, it is clear the statute is not being applied retroactively in this case.

We find support for our conclusion in the well-reasoned opinion of Coyne v. Allstate Insurance Co., 771 F.Supp. 673 (E.D.Pa.1991). At issue in Coyne was whether section 8371 could be applied to an action where the insurer’s alleged bad faith conduct occurred after the effective date of section 8371, but the policy had been issued prior to that date. The district court observed that the insured’s bad faith claim was not premised upon the application of the insurance policy but on “the defendant’s alleged conduct-all of which occurred after the act’s effective date.” Id. at 675. The Court further noted that the “application of [section 8371] does not alter the insurance policy’s substantive requirements, interfere with the insurer’s contractual rights, or otherwise impair the parties’ obligations.” Id. The Court stated that while an insurer does have the right to rely upon the provisions of its policy, it “never had the right to act in bad faith toward the insured.” Id.

The Court therefore concluded that section 8371 was not being applied retroactively to the bad faith conduct occurring after its effective date, regardless of when the policy was issued. See also Seeger by Seeger v. Allstate Insurance Co., 776 F.Supp. 986 (M.D.Pa.1991) (section 8371 claim may be premised upon bad faith actions taken by insurers on or after its effective date even if policy was issued prior to that date because there is no contractual right to act in bad faith); American Franklin Life Insurance Co. v. Galati, 776 F.Supp. 1054, 1063 (E.D.Pa.1991) (same).

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Bluebook (online)
625 A.2d 663, 425 Pa. Super. 396, 1993 Pa. Super. LEXIS 1450, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/okkerse-v-prudential-property-and-casualty-insurance-co-pasuperct-1993.