5 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT WESTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON 6 AT SEATTLE
8 CAITLIN O’CONNOR, CORA SKINNER, Case No. 2:23-cv-00954-RSM DENISE TRLICA A/K/A DENISE 9 MILANI, ERICA GRISBY, JAIME ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFFS’ EDMONDSON LONGORIA, LUCY MOTION FOR RECONSIDERATION 10 PINDER, AND SANDRA VALENCIA AND SETTING HEARING 11 Plaintiffs, 12 13 v.
14 206- LLC, d/b/a SUGARS
15 Defendant. 16
17 I. INTRODUCTION 18 This matter comes before the Court on Plaintiffs Caitlin O’Connor, Cora Skinner, 19 Denise Trlica a/k/a Denise Milani, Erica Grisby, Jaime Edmondson Longoria, Lucy Pinder, and 20 Sandra Valencia (collectively “Plaintiffs”)’s Motion for Reconsideration of the Court’s Order 21 denying Plaintiffs’ Motion for Default Judgment against Defendant 206- LLC (“Sugars”). Dkt. 22 23 #18. The Court will grant the motion in part and set a hearing pursuant to Rule 55(b)(2). 24 II. BACKGROUND 25 According to the Complaint, each Plaintiff is a successful model, actress and/or 26 businesswoman who earns her livelihood promoting her image, likeness and/or identity to 27 28 clients, commercial brands, and media and entertainment outlets. Dkt. #1, ¶¶ 20-21, 28, 31, 34, 37, 40, 43, 46. Defendant was the owner of the strip club Sugars during the relevant time and 1 2 engaged in the business of entertaining its patrons with alcohol, and nude or semi-nude 3 entertainment in Seattle, Washington. Id. at ¶ 49. Defendant owned, operated and controlled 4 Sugars’ social media accounts, including Sugars’ Facebook and Twitter accounts, and used 5 such social media to post advertisements. Id. at ¶¶ 50-51. Many of these advertisements 6 contained images of the Plaintiffs. Id. at ¶¶ 22-27, 29, 32, 35, 38, 41, 44, 47, 53. Plaintiffs each 7 8 allege that such appearance was false, and occurred without their knowledge, consent, 9 authorization, or payment. Id. at ¶¶ 25, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45, 48, 60-74. 10 On or about July 12, 2023, Defendant was served with the Summons and Complaint via 11 process server. Dkt. #8. On July 26, 2023, attorney Todd Williams of Corr Cronin LLP reached 12 13 out to Plaintiffs’ counsel, Joseph Casas, to inform him that his client was aware that it had been 14 served with the Complaint and that they are “in the process of determining whether any 15 [insurance] coverage exists.” Dkt. #11-1. On August 28, 2023, Mr. Casas forwarded the 16 Court’s order to Mr. Williams which instructed him to either file a judgment or show cause 17 why a default would not be appropriate. Id. On September 15, 2023, Plaintiffs served Mr. 18 19 Williams with a settlement demand. Id. Defendant did not answer the Complaint or respond to 20 Plaintiffs’ demand. Id. On October 6, 2023, Plaintiffs filed their Motion for Entry of Default, 21 and the Clerk entered Default on October 10, 2023. Dkt. #13 and #14. On October 11, 22 Plaintiffs moved for Default Judgment seeking $230,000 in “actual damages.” Dkt. #15. 23 The Court denied that Motion on November 27, 2023. Dkt. #17. The Court, citing 24 25 Eitel v. McCool, 782 F.2d 1470, 1471–72 (9th Cir. 1986), found that most of the Eitel factors 26 favored entry of default judgment. The Court declined to find merit for Plaintiffs’ CPA and 27 negligence claims. The key hangup for the Court was the fourth factor—demonstrating the 28 amount of damages. The Court nevertheless indicated that it would grant Plaintiffs’ request to 1 2 permanently enjoin Defendant from using any images of Plaintiffs in their advertising in a 3 future order. On December 11 Plaintiffs filed the instant Motion. 4 III. DISCUSSION 5 A. Legal Standard for a Motion for Reconsideration 6 “Motions for reconsideration are disfavored.” LCR 7(h)(1). “The court will ordinarily 7 8 deny such motions in the absence of a showing of manifest error in the prior ruling or a 9 showing of new facts or legal authority which could not have been brought to its attention 10 earlier with reasonable diligence.” Id. “The motion shall point out with specificity the matters 11 which the movant believes were overlooked or misapprehended by the court, any new matters 12 13 being brought to the court’s attention for the first time, and the particular modifications being 14 sought in the court’s prior ruling.” LCR 7(h)(2). While a motion for reconsideration is 15 normally not granted without an opportunity for the opposing party to respond, such 16 opportunity is not warranted under the circumstances, including Defendant’s default, failure to 17 respond to the motion for default judgment, and opportunity to attend the forthcoming hearing. 18 19 B. Fourth Eitel Factor: Sum of Money at Stake 20 Under the fourth Eitel factor, “the court must consider the amount of money at stake in 21 relation to the seriousness of the [d]efendant’s conduct.” PepsiCo, Inc. v. Cal. Sec. Cans, 238 22 F. Supp. 2d 1172, 1176 (C.D. Cal. 2002). For the remaining claims, the court has discretion to 23 award statutory damages between $1,000 and $200,000 “per counterfeit mark per type of goods 24 25 or services sold, offered for sale, or distributed, as the court considers just.” 15 U.S.C. § 26 1117(c)(1). If, however, the court finds that the trademark violation was willful, it may award 27 up to $2,000,000 for each infringement. Id. § 1117(c)(2). 28 When determining the appropriate amount of statutory damages to award on default 1 2 judgment, courts consider whether the amount bears a “plausible relationship to [the p]laintiff’s 3 actual damages.” Yelp Inc. v. Catron, 70 F. Supp. 3d 1082, 1102 (N.D. Cal. 2014) (quoting 4 Adobe Sys., Inc. v. Tilley, No. C09-1085 PJH, 2010 WL 309249, at *5 (N.D. Cal. Jan. 19, 5 2010)). That is, although a plaintiff in a trademark infringement suit is entitled to damages that 6 will compensate and serve as a deterrent, “it is not entitled to a windfall.” Id. 7 8 Plaintiffs argue in the instant Motion that the Court erred in focusing on the lack of 9 evidence of Defendant’s profits rather than Plaintiffs’ request for actual damages. Dkt. #18 at 10 4. The Court agrees that 15 U.S.C. § 1117 allows for recovery of Defendant’s profits or 11 Plaintiffs’ actual damages, subject to the principles of equity. Plaintiffs’ failure to demonstrate 12 13 Defendant’s profits is not a bar to recovery. However, such evidence is certainly helpful for the 14 Court to evaluate Plaintiffs’ damages request under the principles of equity. Plaintiffs have not 15 provided any helpful information about Defendant’s financial situation that would assist the 16 Court’s understanding the equity of awarding $230,000. 17 Plaintiffs’ sum of $230,000 is apparently based on their expert witness’s evaluation of 18 19 the retroactive compensation each Plaintiff would have received to model for the Defendant. 20 See Dkt. #15-2 at 5-6 (“The rates that models are paid are based upon numerous factors, 21 including… the nature, duration and location of the actual shoot and production…. I employed 22 the same approach, methodology, and process that I would typically employ when determining 23 what to charge a company or other entity that is interested in hiring models I represent.”). The 24 25 Court remains unconvinced that it would be proper to award the full compensation each 26 Plaintiff would have received to model for the Defendant. 27 28 Plaintiffs argue that “the most obvious measure for assessing actual damages is the fair 1 2 market value of the use of the plaintiff’s identity.” Id. (citing Cody Reaves, Show Me the 3 Money: Determining a Celebrity’s Fair Market Value in a Right of Publicity Action, 50 U. 4 Mich. J. L. Reform 831, 834 (2017).
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5 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT WESTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON 6 AT SEATTLE
8 CAITLIN O’CONNOR, CORA SKINNER, Case No. 2:23-cv-00954-RSM DENISE TRLICA A/K/A DENISE 9 MILANI, ERICA GRISBY, JAIME ORDER GRANTING PLAINTIFFS’ EDMONDSON LONGORIA, LUCY MOTION FOR RECONSIDERATION 10 PINDER, AND SANDRA VALENCIA AND SETTING HEARING 11 Plaintiffs, 12 13 v.
14 206- LLC, d/b/a SUGARS
15 Defendant. 16
17 I. INTRODUCTION 18 This matter comes before the Court on Plaintiffs Caitlin O’Connor, Cora Skinner, 19 Denise Trlica a/k/a Denise Milani, Erica Grisby, Jaime Edmondson Longoria, Lucy Pinder, and 20 Sandra Valencia (collectively “Plaintiffs”)’s Motion for Reconsideration of the Court’s Order 21 denying Plaintiffs’ Motion for Default Judgment against Defendant 206- LLC (“Sugars”). Dkt. 22 23 #18. The Court will grant the motion in part and set a hearing pursuant to Rule 55(b)(2). 24 II. BACKGROUND 25 According to the Complaint, each Plaintiff is a successful model, actress and/or 26 businesswoman who earns her livelihood promoting her image, likeness and/or identity to 27 28 clients, commercial brands, and media and entertainment outlets. Dkt. #1, ¶¶ 20-21, 28, 31, 34, 37, 40, 43, 46. Defendant was the owner of the strip club Sugars during the relevant time and 1 2 engaged in the business of entertaining its patrons with alcohol, and nude or semi-nude 3 entertainment in Seattle, Washington. Id. at ¶ 49. Defendant owned, operated and controlled 4 Sugars’ social media accounts, including Sugars’ Facebook and Twitter accounts, and used 5 such social media to post advertisements. Id. at ¶¶ 50-51. Many of these advertisements 6 contained images of the Plaintiffs. Id. at ¶¶ 22-27, 29, 32, 35, 38, 41, 44, 47, 53. Plaintiffs each 7 8 allege that such appearance was false, and occurred without their knowledge, consent, 9 authorization, or payment. Id. at ¶¶ 25, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42, 45, 48, 60-74. 10 On or about July 12, 2023, Defendant was served with the Summons and Complaint via 11 process server. Dkt. #8. On July 26, 2023, attorney Todd Williams of Corr Cronin LLP reached 12 13 out to Plaintiffs’ counsel, Joseph Casas, to inform him that his client was aware that it had been 14 served with the Complaint and that they are “in the process of determining whether any 15 [insurance] coverage exists.” Dkt. #11-1. On August 28, 2023, Mr. Casas forwarded the 16 Court’s order to Mr. Williams which instructed him to either file a judgment or show cause 17 why a default would not be appropriate. Id. On September 15, 2023, Plaintiffs served Mr. 18 19 Williams with a settlement demand. Id. Defendant did not answer the Complaint or respond to 20 Plaintiffs’ demand. Id. On October 6, 2023, Plaintiffs filed their Motion for Entry of Default, 21 and the Clerk entered Default on October 10, 2023. Dkt. #13 and #14. On October 11, 22 Plaintiffs moved for Default Judgment seeking $230,000 in “actual damages.” Dkt. #15. 23 The Court denied that Motion on November 27, 2023. Dkt. #17. The Court, citing 24 25 Eitel v. McCool, 782 F.2d 1470, 1471–72 (9th Cir. 1986), found that most of the Eitel factors 26 favored entry of default judgment. The Court declined to find merit for Plaintiffs’ CPA and 27 negligence claims. The key hangup for the Court was the fourth factor—demonstrating the 28 amount of damages. The Court nevertheless indicated that it would grant Plaintiffs’ request to 1 2 permanently enjoin Defendant from using any images of Plaintiffs in their advertising in a 3 future order. On December 11 Plaintiffs filed the instant Motion. 4 III. DISCUSSION 5 A. Legal Standard for a Motion for Reconsideration 6 “Motions for reconsideration are disfavored.” LCR 7(h)(1). “The court will ordinarily 7 8 deny such motions in the absence of a showing of manifest error in the prior ruling or a 9 showing of new facts or legal authority which could not have been brought to its attention 10 earlier with reasonable diligence.” Id. “The motion shall point out with specificity the matters 11 which the movant believes were overlooked or misapprehended by the court, any new matters 12 13 being brought to the court’s attention for the first time, and the particular modifications being 14 sought in the court’s prior ruling.” LCR 7(h)(2). While a motion for reconsideration is 15 normally not granted without an opportunity for the opposing party to respond, such 16 opportunity is not warranted under the circumstances, including Defendant’s default, failure to 17 respond to the motion for default judgment, and opportunity to attend the forthcoming hearing. 18 19 B. Fourth Eitel Factor: Sum of Money at Stake 20 Under the fourth Eitel factor, “the court must consider the amount of money at stake in 21 relation to the seriousness of the [d]efendant’s conduct.” PepsiCo, Inc. v. Cal. Sec. Cans, 238 22 F. Supp. 2d 1172, 1176 (C.D. Cal. 2002). For the remaining claims, the court has discretion to 23 award statutory damages between $1,000 and $200,000 “per counterfeit mark per type of goods 24 25 or services sold, offered for sale, or distributed, as the court considers just.” 15 U.S.C. § 26 1117(c)(1). If, however, the court finds that the trademark violation was willful, it may award 27 up to $2,000,000 for each infringement. Id. § 1117(c)(2). 28 When determining the appropriate amount of statutory damages to award on default 1 2 judgment, courts consider whether the amount bears a “plausible relationship to [the p]laintiff’s 3 actual damages.” Yelp Inc. v. Catron, 70 F. Supp. 3d 1082, 1102 (N.D. Cal. 2014) (quoting 4 Adobe Sys., Inc. v. Tilley, No. C09-1085 PJH, 2010 WL 309249, at *5 (N.D. Cal. Jan. 19, 5 2010)). That is, although a plaintiff in a trademark infringement suit is entitled to damages that 6 will compensate and serve as a deterrent, “it is not entitled to a windfall.” Id. 7 8 Plaintiffs argue in the instant Motion that the Court erred in focusing on the lack of 9 evidence of Defendant’s profits rather than Plaintiffs’ request for actual damages. Dkt. #18 at 10 4. The Court agrees that 15 U.S.C. § 1117 allows for recovery of Defendant’s profits or 11 Plaintiffs’ actual damages, subject to the principles of equity. Plaintiffs’ failure to demonstrate 12 13 Defendant’s profits is not a bar to recovery. However, such evidence is certainly helpful for the 14 Court to evaluate Plaintiffs’ damages request under the principles of equity. Plaintiffs have not 15 provided any helpful information about Defendant’s financial situation that would assist the 16 Court’s understanding the equity of awarding $230,000. 17 Plaintiffs’ sum of $230,000 is apparently based on their expert witness’s evaluation of 18 19 the retroactive compensation each Plaintiff would have received to model for the Defendant. 20 See Dkt. #15-2 at 5-6 (“The rates that models are paid are based upon numerous factors, 21 including… the nature, duration and location of the actual shoot and production…. I employed 22 the same approach, methodology, and process that I would typically employ when determining 23 what to charge a company or other entity that is interested in hiring models I represent.”). The 24 25 Court remains unconvinced that it would be proper to award the full compensation each 26 Plaintiff would have received to model for the Defendant. 27 28 Plaintiffs argue that “the most obvious measure for assessing actual damages is the fair 1 2 market value of the use of the plaintiff’s identity.” Id. (citing Cody Reaves, Show Me the 3 Money: Determining a Celebrity’s Fair Market Value in a Right of Publicity Action, 50 U. 4 Mich. J. L. Reform 831, 834 (2017). However, the value of using Plaintiffs’ identity could be 5 determined as the cost of hiring Plaintiffs to model for Defendant’s business anew, or the cost 6 of using existing images. Notably, the Plaintiffs’ expert’s calculation of each Plaintiff’s rate 7 8 does not take into consideration “the damage or possible end of their career, damage to 9 reputation, or loss of other clients and advertisers by the Models being associated with this type 10 of business.” Dkt. #15-2 at 5. Instead, Plaintiffs’ expert “established a fair market fee for the 11 use of each Plaintiff Model’s image taking into account the Model’s payment history, work 12 13 quality, experience, exposure and duration of career, and then multiplied each image used by 14 the number of separate types of usage.” Id. at 6. Plaintiffs’ expert apparently does the math 15 but does not show his work, simply stating the totals for each Plaintiff—e.g., $20,000, or 16 $30,000. The expert does not quote each Plaintiff’s actual modeling rates for a new 17 photoshoot, or the rate for licensing photos from a previous photoshoot—information that 18 19 presumably exists within the Plaintiffs’ knowledge. Attached to the Motion for Default 20 Judgment are individual declarations of the Plaintiffs. Dkts. #15-3 through #15-9. These 21 declarations also state only the single large number with no details about prior modeling or 22 licensing rates. This kind of information would be helpful for the Court. Of course, the 23 amount Defendant should have paid to use these images is only a starting point in calculating 24 25 actual damages. 26 Given all of the above, the Court cannot grant the Motion as it currently stands and will 27 set a Rule 55(b) hearing to determine the amount of damages. The Court requests new 28 evidence of how Plaintiffs have been actually damaged. The Court will also entertain evidence 1 2 or argument as to the equity in imposing the requested damages award against this Defendant. 3 IV. CONCLUSION 4 Having reviewed the relevant briefing and the remainder of the record, the Court hereby 5 finds and ORDERS that Plaintiffs’ Motion for Reconsideration, Dkt. #18, is GRANTED IN 6 PART. The Court directs the deputy clerk to set a Rule 55(b) hearing. 7 8 9 DATED this 12th day of December, 2023.
11 A 12 13 RICARDO S. MARTINEZ UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE 14
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