Noel v. City Of New York

District Court, S.D. New York·Decided August 15, 2019·No. 1:15-cv-05236·Unknown

Opinion

USDC SDNY | DOCUMENT ELECTRONICALLY FILED UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT DOC #: SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK DATE FILED:_ 08/15/2019 SHAUNANOEL@tal SSS Plaintitts, OPINION AND ORDER -against- 15-cv-05236 (LTS) (KHP) CITY OF NEW YORK, Defendant. anno KATHARINE H. PARKER, UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE: Plaintiffs commenced this action to challenge a New York City policy regarding affordable housing lotteries. The City’s policy allocates 50% of units in affordable housing lotteries to individuals who already reside in the community district where the new affordable housing units are located. This policy is referred to herein as the “Community Preference Policy.” Plaintiffs allege that the Community Preference Policy violates the federal Fair Housing Act (“FHA”), 42 U.S.C. § 3604 et seq., and the New York City Human Rights Law (“NYCHRL”), N.Y.C. Admin. Code § 8-107 et seq., because it perpetuates racial segregation and disparately impacts racial minorities. They also claim that the City’s decision to establish, expand, and maintain the policy constitutes intentional discrimination. Currently pending before this Court is Plaintiffs’ motion challenging privilege designations on 350 documents in the City’s privilege log. (ECF Nos. 729, 747.) The City asserts that the documents are protected from disclosure based on one or more of the following reasons: (1) attorney-client privilege, (2) work product protection, (3) deliberative process

privilege, and (4) legislative privilege. This Court assumes the reader’s familiarity with the factual background of this case based on its many decisions in this action and does not repeat it here. See, e.g., Winfield v. City of New York, No. 15-cv-5236 (LTS) (KHP), 2017 WL 5664852, at *1-6 (S.D.N.Y. Nov. 27, 2017); Winfield v. City of New York, No. 15-cv-5236 (LTS) (KHP), 2017 WL 2880556, at *1-2 (S.D.N.Y. July 5, 2017), aff’d, 2017 WL 5054727, at *1-2 (S.D.N.Y. Nov. 2,

2017); Winfield v. City of New York, No. 15-cv-5236 (LTS) (DCF), 2016 WL 6208564, at *1-3 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 24, 2016). The City submitted for in camera review a detailed privilege log with hyperlinks to all 350 documents and, in some cases, cover emails for the documents providing greater context for the creation and purpose of the communication and the basis for the privilege assertion. The City also submitted declarations from Leila Bozorg, Deputy Commissioner of the New York

City Department of Housing Preservation and Development (“HPD”), and Eric Enderlin, current Commissioner of HPD, providing greater detail as to the basis for the assertion of privilege as to certain documents and categories of documents. Bozorg attests that she has reviewed the documents withheld on the basis of deliberative process privilege and that they involve pre- decisional deliberations by officials at HPD and/or other City agencies. She attests that these documents reflect deliberations on the Housing New York Plan (“HNY”), which was publicly

announced on May 5, 2014 and deliberations on updates to the plan, announced as HNY 2.0 in November 2017. Other documents reflect deliberations on Mandatory Inclusionary Housing (“MIH”), which was an amendment to the City zoning law. The MIH application submitted by the administration was completed on September 21, 2105 and ultimately approved by the City 2 Planning Commission on February 3, 2016 and the City Council on March 22, 2016. Some of the documents relate to deliberations on changes to the so-called 421-a homeless preference policy, which was announced on October 14, 2016, and the “Where We Live NYC” plan (“WWL”), which is a planning process that the City is using to better understand how challenges like segregation and discrimination impact New Yorkers’ lives and to identify ways to improve

the City’s fair housing policies. Other documents pertain to deliberations on various neighborhood plans for East New York (“ENY”), Jerome Avenue, Inwood, East Harlem, the Bay Street Corridor and the Far Rockaways.1 Final versions of the above-described housing policies are publicly available, as is documentation about public review and zoning amendment processes. Additionally, Plaintiffs’ counsel, the Antidiscrimination Center, was invited to stakeholder meetings and is thus independently knowledgeable about the WWL planning

process. This Court does not repeat the legal standards for a claim of privilege, as those were previously set forth by this Court in earlier decisions. See ECF Nos. 259, 655. It has, however, reviewed each of the 350 documents consistent with these legal standards in determining

1 The ENY plan was finalized April 20, 2016 after the City Council approved zoning changes. The Jerome Avenue plan was finalized on March 22, 2018 after the City Council approved zoning changes. The Inwood plan was finalized on August 8, 2018 after City Council approved it. The East Harlem plan was approved by the City Council on Novmeber 30, 2017. The Bay Street Corridor plan, which includes zoning changes, is currently in the public review process and not yet final. HPD was involved in developing the plan’s and putting them forth for public review and City Council vote on necessary zoning changes. Thus, the initial proposals were developed before the City Council votes and in some cases there were deliberations on changes to the plans after the public review period and before the zoning votes. However, contrary to what the City has suggested, deliberations post- announcement of the policy and pre-City Counsel approval are not necessarily protected. The Court has been mindful of the various dates applicable to identified policies when evaluating whether a document is pre- or post- decisional. 3 whether the City has met its burden in demonstrating privilege.2 The Court also has been mindful that privileges must be construed narrowly insofar as they are contrary to the “search for truth.” Kaufman v. City of New York, 98 Civ. 2648(MJL)(KNF), 1999 WL 239698, at *4 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 22, 1999). This is particularly important in civil rights cases such as this, where fundamental rights are at issue. King v. Conde, 121 F.R.D. 180, 195 (E.D.N.Y. 1988); Skibo v. City

of New York, 109 F.R.D. 58, 61 (E.D.N.Y. 1985). A brief discussion of the Court’s ruling is set forth below. I. Deliberative Process Privilege The majority of the documents in the review set were withheld on the basis of deliberative process privilege. Under this privilege, the document must be pre-decisional and deliberative. Noel v. City of New York, 357 F. Supp. 3d 298, 303 (S.D.N.Y. 2019). To

demonstrate the former, the City must point to a specific decision to which the communication correlates. Id. This does not mean, as Plaintiffs suggest, that current deliberations of a non- final policy are not subject to the privilege. General open-ended discussions would not be protected, but deliberations for the purpose of arriving at a specific policy or plan would be protected. Grand Cent. P’ship, Inc. v. Cuomo, 166 F.3d 473, 482 (2d Cir. 1999) (“[T]he privilege does not protect a document which is merely peripheral to actual policy formulation,” and “the

record must bear on the formulation or exercise of policy-oriented judgment.” (quoting Ethyl

2 To the extent the City has suggested there is a presumption in favor of withholding deliberative documents or that the Plaintiffs have the burden to show why a document should be disclosed, the Court rejects these suggestions. It is well established that the party withholding a document has the burden of establishing a privilege attaches. Grossman v. Schwarz, 125 F.R.D.

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