Opinion of the Court by
FOLEY, J.
Plaintiffs-Appellants Richard Nelson III; Kaliko Chun; James Akiona, Sr.; Sherilyn Adams; Kelii Ioane, Jr.; and Charles Aipia4 (Plaintiffs) appeal from the Final Judgment filed on September 23, 2009 in the Circuit Court of the First Circuit5 (circuit court).
I.
Plaintiffs sought declaratory and injunc-tive relief in the circuit court, claiming that (1) Defendants-Appellees Hawaiian Homes Commission; The Department of Hawaiian Home Lands (DHHL); Micah A. Kane, in his official capacity as Chair of the Hawaiian Homes Commission (Chair); Perry Artates, Billie Baclig, Donald S.M. Chang, Stuart Hanchett, Malia Kamaka, Francis Lum, Trish Morikawa, and Milton Pa, in their official capacities as members of the Hawaiian Homes Commission (the Chair and the members are collectively referred to as commissioners); Georgina K. Kawamura, in her official capacity as the State Director of Finance; and the State of Hawaii (the State) (collectively, Defendants) were obligated by Article XII (Hawaiian Homes Commission Act, 1920 (HHCA)), Sections 1 and 2 of the Constitution of the State of Hawaii (Hawai'i Constitution) to provide particular levels of funding to the DHHL and (2) the State failed in the past to provide sufficient funds to DHHL.
In their October 19, 2007 First Amended Complaint for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief, Plaintiffs alleged, in relevant part:
FACTUAL ALLEGATIONS
23. As of May 1983, there were 7,901 eligible beneficiaries on the waiting lists for Hawaiian homesteads.
24. There are currently over 20,000 people on the Hawaiian Home Lands wait-list.
25. Hundreds of native Hawaiians have been on the [DHHL’s] waiting list for over three decades.
26. Until 1987, the State failed to appropriate a single dollar of general fund revenues, generated from its various general and special. tax revenue sources, to pay for the operations and programs of the [DHHL] and its homesteading programs.
27. In 1987, the State [Legislature [ (the Legislature) ], for the first time, appropriated general funds from state revenues to the operating budget of the [DHHL].
28. General revenue appropriations for the [DHHL] peaked at over $4.2 million per year in fiscal year 1992.
29. In 1994, the Legislature enacted Act 14 to compensate the [DHHL] for breaches of the [HCCA] trust committed by the [S]tate between 1959 and 1988 that deprived the trust of assets and income improperly.
30. Act 14 (SLH 1994, Special Sess.) authorized the payment of $30 million per year for 20 years to compensate the trust for these trust breaches, provided that this sum not count toward the current fiscal obligations of the State to the [HCCA] trust.
31. During her 2002 election campaign Governor Linda Lingle pledged to eliminate the [DHHL] waiting list in 5 years.
32. In 2007 the [Legislature] appropriated less than $1.5 million in general revenue appropriations to the [DHHL].
33. Since 1987, the Legislature appropriated annual general revenue funds for the administration and operating budgets of the [DHHL] without regard to whether [440]*440the funding reflected the amounts actually needed by the department to fully implement and administer all programs to assure that the spirit of the [HHCA] was effectively carried out.
34. Between 1989 through 2007, the [S]tate’s general fund appropriation to the [DHHL] for its administration and operating budget never exceeded 0.5% of the total general fund budget for any given fiscal year.
35. Simultaneously, since 1979, the Legislature appropriated major general fund revenues for other purposes which were not mandated by the Hawai'i Constitution and for items of no constitutional priority.
36. Over the past decade, state funding for the Hawaii Tourism Authority, which is not constitutionally mandated, has increased from zero to over eighty seven million dollars a year, increasing by $22 million in the past fiscal year alone.
37. Over the past four fiscal years, the [DHHL] has awarded an average of fewer than six hundred leases to native Hawaiians annually.
38. The length of the Hawaiian Homes waiting list has remained virtually unchanged since 2002.
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COUNT 1
(Violation of the Constitutional Duty to Sufficiently Fund the [DHHL])
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61. In 1979, the voters of Hawai'i ratified an amendment passed by the 1978 Hawai'i Constitutional Convention delegates which specifically required the Legislature to provide the [DHHL] “sufficient sums” to pay for its trust programs and operating budget.
62. Under [Hawai'i Constitution] Article XII, [Section] 1, the [Legislature must make sufficient sums available for the following purposes: (1) development of home, agriculture, farm and ranch lots; (2) home, agriculture, aquaculture, farm and ranch loans; (3) rehabilitation projects to include, but not limited to, educational, economic, political, social and cultural processes by which the general welfare and conditions of native Hawaiians are thereby improved; (4) the administration and operating budget of the [DHHL]; in furtherance of (1), (2), (3) and (4) herein, by appropriating the same in the manner provided by law.
63. Furthermore, under the [HHCA] [Section] 219.1, the Defendants are obligated to assist the lessees in obtaining maximum use of their leased lands, including taking any steps necessary to develop these lands for their highest and best use commensurate with the purposes for which the land is being leased, and assisting the lessees in all phases of farming, ranching, and aquaculture operations and the marketing of their agricultural or aquaeultural produce and livestock.
64. Hawaiian homestead beneficiaries cannot achieve the lofty aims of the [HHCA] unless they are awarded homesteads timely and provided sufficient assistance to maximize their utilization of those lands for the purposes set out in the [HHCA],
65. Payments made pursuant to Act 14, 1995 Special Session, do not diminish funds that the [DHHL] is entitled to pursuant to Article XII, [S]ection 1 of the [Hawai'i Constitution].
66. Accordingly, the compensation for past breaches of trust by the State under Act 14 is exclusive of the “sufficient sums” to which the DHHL is entitled pursuant to Article XII, [S]ection 1 of the [Hawai'i Constitution],
67. The infrastructure cost to develop Hawaiian Home Land lots on average is approximately $100,000 per lot.
68. According to [the] Hawaiian Homes Commission Chair ..., “The model is there, the projects are there, the momentum is there. Now, it’s just an issue of money.”
69. According to [the] Hawaiian Homes Commission Chair ..., a conservative estimate of the funding necessary for infrastructure to place one thousand homesteaders each on homestead lands each year is $100,000,000 annually.
[441]*44170. In contrast, other than the funding provided pursuant to Act 14, the [DHHL] received less than one and a half million dollars in general revenue funds from the [Legislature for fiscal year 2007.
71. Simultaneously, since 1994, the [State] has not floated nor issued any capital improvement bond financing to support the need for additional DHHL infrastructure.
72. The [DHHL] does not currently receive sufficient funding to develop house lots for all applicants on the waiting list.
73. The [DHHL] does not currently receive sufficient funding to reduce the waiting list by ninety percent over the next decade.
74. The [DHHL] does not currently receive sufficient funding to pay for the development of homesteads for applicants on the waiting list within a reasonable time frame.
75. The [DHHL] does not currently receive sufficient funds for the following purposes: (1) development of home, agriculture, farm and ranch lots; (2) home, agriculture, aquaculture, farm and ranch loans; (3) rehabilitation projects to include, but not limited to, educational, economic, political, social and cultural processes by which the general welfare and conditions of native Hawaiians are thereby improved; (4) the administration and operating budget of the [DHHL]; in furtherance of (1), (2), (3) and (4) herein.
76. The [S]tate administration fails to annually request “sufficient sums” for the administration and operating budget of the [DHHL] to assure that all the programs of the department prescribed under Article XII, [Section] 1 are adequately funded.
77. Accordingly, Plaintiffs are entitled to a declaration by this court that Defendants are in breach of their duties under Article XII, [Sections] 1 and 2.
78. Plaintiffs are also entitled to mandatory injunction requiring the State to provide sufficient funds to the [DHHL] to (a) place as many beneficiaries on the department’s waiting lists for residences, farms, and ranches on available Hawaiian home lands within a reasonable period of time; (b) fund a fully functioning farm, ranch, and aquaculture support program to enable homesteaders to maximize utilization of their homestead lands.
COUNT 2
’ (Breach of Trust Obligation to Seek Sufficient Funds from the Legislature)
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80. A trastee is obligated to institute action and proceedings for the protection of the trust estate and the enforcement of claims and rights belonging thereto, and to take all legal steps which may be reasonably necessary with relation to those objectives.
81. Under trust principles applicable to all trustees, Defendants owe their beneficiaries a duty of exclusive loyalty to take action to promote their specific interests under the terms of the trust.
82. The Hawaiian Homes Commission and the commissioners have a trust duty to seek from the [Legislature all the funds it deems necessary to fulfill the spirit and intent of the [HHCA].
83. The Hawaiian Homes Commission and its commissioners have not requested from the [Legislature sufficient funds to fulfill the spirit and intent of the [HHCA].
84. For years, these defendants have not affirmatively sought to enforce the literal terms of Act 14 [SLH 1995, Spec. Sess.] by demanding “sufficient sums” exclusive of payments under that act in order to fulfill their duties of loyalty to their beneficiaries.
85. The Hawaiian Homes Commission and its commissioners have not, as of yet, sued the [State] to obtain sufficient funds to fulfill the spirit and intent of the [HHCA],
86. Accordingly, Plaintiffs are entitled to a declaration by this court that Defendants the Hawaiian Homes Commission and its commissioners ... are in breach of their duties under Article XII, [Sections] 1 and 2 by not suing for enforcement of these constitutional mandates.
[442]*44287. Plaintiffs are also entitled to mandatory injunction requiring Defendants the Hawaiian Homes Commission and its commissioners ... to request and actively pursue that level of funding for the [DHHL] from the Legislature to meet the costs of placing as many beneficiaries on the department waiting lists for residences, farms, and ranches on available Hawaiian home lands within a reasonable period of time, and funding farm, ranch, and aquaculture support programs.
(Brackets in original omitted.)
On appeal, Plaintiffs contend the circuit court erred in granting summary judgment and concluding that the political question doctrine bars justiciability of Plaintiffs’ claims. The circuit court concluded:
There are no judicially discoverable and manageable standards for resolving the dispute over the definition and determination of “sufficient sums” under Article XII, Sections 1 & 2, of the [Hawaii Constitution] without making initial policy determinations of a kind clearly for nonjudicial discretion.
II.
The Hawaii Supreme Court has stated that an appellate court
reviews the circuit court’s grant of summary judgment de novo. Price v. AIG Hawai’i Ins. Co., 107 Hawai'i 106, 110, 111 P.3d 1, 5 (2005). Summary judgment is appropriate “if the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.” HRCP Rule 56(c).
Gillan v. Gov’t Employees Ins. Co., 119 Hawai'i 109, 114, 194 P.3d 1071, 1076 (2008).
III.
The issue on appeal is: Is whether the Legislature has provided sufficient sums to DHHL pursuant to Article XII, Section 1 of the Hawaii Constitution a “political question”?
In deciding whether the political question doctrine should be invoked, the Hawaii Supreme Court in Trustees of the Office of Hawaiian Affairs v. Yamasaki, 69 Haw. 154, 737 P.2d 446 (1987), adopted the test recited by the United States Supreme Court in Baker v. Carr, 369 U.S. 186, 82 S.Ct. 691, 7 L.Ed.2d 663 (1962):
Prominent on the surface of any case held to involve a political question is found a textually demonstrable constitutional commitment of the issue to a coordinate political department; or a lack of judicially discoverable and manageable standards for resolving it; or the impossibility of deciding without an initial policy determination of a kind clearly for nonjudicial discretion; or the impossibility of a court’s undertaking independent resolution without expressing lack of the respect due coordinate branches of government; or an unusual need for unquestioning adherence to a political decision already made; or the potentiality of embarrassment from multifarious pronouncements by various departments on one question.
Unless one of these formulations is inextricable from the case at bar, there should be no dismissal for nonjusticiability on the ground of a political question’s presence.
Yamasaki, 69 Haw. at 170, 737 P.2d at 455 (quoting Baker, 369 U.S. at 217, 82 S.Ct. at 710).
IV.
In deciding whether the funding of DHHL is a political question, we must look to the proceedings of the Constitutional Convention of Hawaii of 1978 (1978 Constitutional Convention). The Hawaii Supreme Court has long recognized that
“ ‘the Hawaii Constitution must be construed with due regard to the intent of the framers and the people adopting it, and the fundamental principle in interpreting a constitutional principle is to give effect to that intent.’ ” Save Sunset Beach Coal. v. City & County of Honolulu, 102 Hawai'i 465, 474, 78 P.3d 1, 10 (2003) (quoting Convention Center Auth. v. Anzai, 78 Hawai'i 157, 167, 890 P.2d 1197, 1207 (1995) [443]*443(internal quotation marks and citations omitted)).
“ ‘The general rule is that, if the words used in a constitutional provision ... are clear and unambiguous, they are to be construed as they are written.’” Kelly v. 1250 Oceanside Partners, 111 Hawai'i 205, 223-224, 140 P.3d 985, 1003-04 (2006) (quoting Taomae v. Lingle, 108 Hawai'i 245, 251, 118 P.3d 1188, 1191 (2005) (citations omitted)). Furthermore, in interpreting a constitutional provision, “this court ‘may look to the object sought to be established and the matters sought to be remedied along with the history of the times and state of being when the constitutional provision was adopted.’ ” Id. at 225, 140 P.3d at 1005 (quoting City & County of Honolulu v. Ariyoshi, 67 Haw. 412, 419, 689 P.2d 757, 763 (1984) (citation omitted)).
Kaho’ohanohano v. State, 114 Hawai'i 302, 339, 162 P.3d 696, 733 (2007).
y.
The language of Section 1 of Article XII came from the Committee on Hawaiian Affairs of the 1978 Constitutional Convention. Stand. Comm. Rep. No. 56 in I Proceedings of the Constitutional Convention of Hawaii of1978, at 628-34 (1980). The Committee on Hawaiian Affairs proposed to amend Section 1 as follows (bracketed material to be repealed; underscored material to be added):
Anything in this constitution to the contrary notwithstanding, the Hawaiian Homes Commission Act, 1920, enacted by the Congress, as the same has been or may be amended prior to the admission of the State, is hereby adopted as a law of the State, subject to amendment or repeal by the legislature, provided, that if and to the extent that the United States shall so require, said law shall be subject to amendment or repeal only with the consent of the United States and in no other manner, provided, further that, if the United States shall have been provided or shall provide that particular provisions or types of provisions may be so amended. The proceeds and income from Hawaiian home lands shall be used only in accordance with the terms and spirit of said Aet[,]. [and the] (A) The legislature [may, from time to time, make additional] shall make sufficient sums available for the purposes of (1) development of home, agriculture, farm and ranch lots; (2) home, agriculture, aquaculture, farm and ranch loans; (3) rehabilitation projects to include, but not limited to, educational, economic, political, social, and cultural processes by which the general welfare and conditions of native Hawaiians are thereby improved; (4) the administration and operating budget of the department of Hawaiian Home Lands; in furtherance of (1), (2), (3) and (4) herein, [said Act] by appropriating the same in the manner provided by law.
Comm. Rep. No. 56, at 629.
In proposing this amendment, the Committee on Hawaiian Affairs stated the clear intent of the amendment:
Your committee proposal makes it expressly clear that the legislature is to fund DHHL for purposes which reflect the spirit and intent of the [HCCA]. Your Committee decided to no longer allow the legislature discretion in this area.
Your Committee decided that the [Legislature should provide sufficient funds to DHHL for the following projects:
1. For the development of site improvements for homes, agriculture, farm and ranch lots. Development shall include but not be limited to off-site and on-site improvements which are necessary to provide grading, access (roads) and utility services (drainage, sewerage, water and electrical systems) for the developed lots;
2. For lessee loans in the areas of home construction and farm and ranch construction and equipment. Under this loan mandate, DHHL is authorized to request loans for lessees or native Hawaiians for agricultural purposes, which includes but is not limited to aequaculture;
3. For various rehabilitation projects, including education, social, political, economic and cultural processes which contribute to the general welfare and betterment of native Hawaiian conditions; and
[444]*4444. For administrative and operational costs, which expenditure requests are to be utilized for all of the above-mentioned.
Comm. Rep. No. 56, at 630.
The Committee on Hawaiian Affairs added:
The department was established by the [HCCA] to provide a means to rehabilitate its beneficiaries through a series of projects and yet was given very little financial assistance to perfect its mandate. For example, the department must lease its lands in order to generate revenues to support its administrative and operating budget.
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The department presently general leases its lands to obtain moneys for administrative expenses and salaries. In order to keep up with a built-in inflation rate and to rehire prospective employees through SCET losses, DHHL continues to general lease more of its lands. These employees are necessary to keep up with the current housing output. DHHL averages 10 dollars per acre on its general leases.
DHHL cannot afford to lease more acreage to the general public for the purpose of generating income to accommodate a minimal employee level.
It is clear to your Committee that the intent and spirit of the Act would be better moneys served by releasing the department of its present burden to generate revenues through the genei’al leasing of its lands. Your Committee decided that through legislature funding this dilemma would be resolved. In that manner more lands could be made available to the intended beneficiaries.
Comm. Rep. No. 56, at 631-32.
When this proposed amendment came before the Committee of the Whole of the 1978 Constitutional Convention, the Committee on Hawaiian Affairs members addressed what constituted “sufficient funds.”
Delegate Sutton stated:
Again, to the word “sufficient”—what does this really mean? It means funding to develop house lots for applicants on the waiting list or implied in the general plan. It also means money to provide loans to lessees to construct their homes, since the lessee cannot mortgage or encumber the land.
For the administration, there is need for support of a staff to adequately service the department’s beneficiaries and to purchase equipment which will allow sufficient management of its resources and records.
II Proceedings of the Constitutional Convention of Hawaii of 1978, at 414.
Delegate Crozier added:
Mr. Chairman, I’d like to speak in favor of this proposal. The proposal states: “The legislature shall make sufficient sums available.... ” The standards which define “sufficient” are contained in the department’s general plan, approved by the Hawaiian homes commission on October 31, 1975 and signed by Governor Ariyoshi on April 14,1976.
Id. at 415.
Committee on Hawaiian Affairs Chairperson De Soto (De Soto) followed:
What we propose with respect to “shall fund” is the administrative and costs of running the Hawaiian homes program, which would amount to operating and administrating approximately $1.3 million to $1.6 million, taking into consideration inflation, collective bargaining agreements that go into inflation with the pay.
Id. at 421.
VI.
In deciding whether the 1978 constitutional amendment requiring sufficient funding of DHHL is a political question, we apply the test set forth in Yamasaki to the intent of the delegates to the 1978 Constitutional Convention. The presence of any of the following six factors would make this case nonjustieiable:
a textually demonstrable constitutional commitment of the issue to a coordinate political department; or a lack of judicially discoverable and manageable standards for resolving it; or the impossibility of deciding without an initial policy determination of a kind clearly for nonjudieial discretion; [445]*445or the impossibility of a court’s undertaking independent resolution without expressing lack of the respect due coordinate branches of government; or an unusual need for unquestioning adherence to a political decision already made; or the potentiality of embarrassment from multifarious pronouncements by various departments on one question.
69 Haw. at 170, 737 P.2d at 455.
A. TEXT
As it stands, the language of Article XII, Section 1, as amended, does not constitute a textually demonstrable constitutional commitment of the issue to a coordinate political department.
The language of Article XII, Section 1 prior to the 1978 amendment was a textually demonstrable constitutional commitment of the issue to the legislature. However, the 1978 amendment changed the language “may, from time to time make additional” sums available to “shall make sufficient” sums available. In proposing this change, the Committee on Hawaiian Affairs stated that its intention was to deprive the Legislature of the discretion to provide sufficient sums to DHHL. If the question of what are sufficient sums were nonjusticiable, the 1978 constitutional amendment would be devoid of any real substance and effect. It would result in giving the Legislature unreviewable discretion to determine what are sufficient sums—contrary to the stated intent of the framers of the amendment. We cannot “ascribe to the constitutional framers the intent to enact laws devoid of any real substance and effect.” In re Water Use Permit Applications, 94 Hawai'i 97, 142, 9 P.3d 409, 454 (2000).
A constitutional provision must be construed to avoid an absurd result and to recognize the mischief the framers intended to remedy. As a matter of policy, we do not blindly apply rules of construction to the point that we reach absurd conclusions that are inconsistent with the intent of our lawmakers.
United Pub. Workers, AFSCME, Local 616, AFL-CIO v. Yogi, 101 Hawai'i 46, 53, 62 P.3d 189, 196 (2002) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted).
B. STANDARDS
There is no lack of judicially discoverable and manageable standards for resolving the question of what are sufficient funds. The 1978 Constitutional Convention set forth the standards:
1. For the development of site improvements for homes, agriculture, farm and ranch lots. Development shall include but not be limited to off-site and on-site improvements which are necessary to provide grading, access (roads) and utility services (drainage, sewerage, water and electrical systems) for the developed lots;
2. For lessee loans in the areas of home construction and farm and ranch construction and equipment. Under this loan mandate, DHHL is authorized to request loans for lessees or native Hawaiians for agricultural purposes, which includes but is not limited to acquaeulture;
3. For various rehabilitation projects, including education, social, political, economic and cultural processes which contribute to the general welfare and betterment of native Hawaiian conditions; and
4. For administrative and operational costs, which expenditure requests are to be utilized for all of the above-mentioned.
It is very clear that the amendment was to end DHHL’s practice of leasing its “lands in order to generate revenues to support its administrative and operating budget.” Id. at 631. By legislative funding of the administrative and operating budget of DHHL “more lands could be made available to the intended beneficiaries” of the HHCA. Id. at 632.
Delegate Sutton stated that sufficient sums means funding to develop house lots for applicants on the waiting list or implied in the general plan. It also means money to provide loans to lessees to construct their homes, since the lessee cannot mortgage or encumber the land.
For the administration, there is need for support of a staff to adequately service the [446]*446department’s beneficiaries and to purchase equipment which will allow sufficient management of its resources and records.
II Proceedings of the Constitutional Convention of Hawaii of 1978, at 414.
De Soto stated that sufficient sums in 1978 meant the “administrative and costs of running the Hawaiian homes program, which would amount to operating and administrating approximately $1.3 million to $1.6 million, taking into consideration inflation, collective bargaining agreements that go into inflation with the pay.” Id. at 421.
Delegate Crozier stated that the “standards which define ‘sufficient’ are contained in the department’s general plan, approved by the Hawaiian [H]omes [C]ommission on October 31, 1975 and signed by Governor Ariyoshi on April 14, 1976.” Id. at 415.
C.POLICY
The initial policy determination on what are sufficient sums was made by the 1978 Constitutional Convention and is therefore not for a court to decide. The convention cited with approval the DHHL April 1976 General Plan that set forth the policy of DHHL in making Hawaiian home lands available to persons of at least one-half Hawaiian blood. The General Plan set forth ten-year goals and objectives that were summarized as follows:
1. Goal: Maximize HOUSING assistance for native Hawaiians.
Objective: Program housing for 2,600 new families.
2. Goal: Allocate AGRICULTURAL LANDS to native Hawaiians.
Objective: Allocate at least 40,000 additional acres for direct agricultural use by eligible Hawaiians; use all available techniques to maximize productivity of agricultural lands. (Note: The [HHCA] sets 20,000 acres as the limit which can be allocated within any five-year period.)
3. Goal: Reduce the acreage of LANDS USED FOR INCOME purposes.
Objective: Reduce by at least 20,000 acres the lands presently under general lease and temporary use permit and make these lands available for direct use by native Hawaiians.
4.Goal: Maximize INCOME through more effective land management.
Objective: Use only a small fraction of Hawaiian Home Lands to generate sufficient income for operating and administrative expenses.
The General Plan stated that the goals and objectives of the DHHL should be re-evaluated at five-year intervals. The DHHL has a fiduciary duty to continue to reevaluate its goals and objectives in light of the 1978 constitutional amendment and request that the legislature provide sufficient sums to meet these goals and objectives. Ahuna v. Dep’t of Hawaiian Home Lands, 64 Haw. 327, 337-40, 640 P.2d 1161, 1168-69 (1982). In making its request for funds, DHHL shall be guided by the policy and standards set forth in the 1978 Constitutional Convention and DHHL’s April 1976 General Plan and any revision thereof. Whether DHHL’s request for funds from the legislature is reasonable is reviewable by the courts. Ahuna, 64 Haw. at 337-40, 640 P.2d at 1168-69.
D. RESPECT
There is no lack of respect to the legislature in a court’s addressing the question of sufficient sums. The 1978 Constitutional Convention emphatically stated that the legislature has no discretion in this area. The “courts, not the legislature, are the ultimate interpreters of the Constitution.” State v. Nakata, 76 Hawai'i 360, 370, 878 P.2d 699, 709 (1994) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).
E. ADHERENCE TO POLITICAL DECISION
This ease and question do not present an unusual need for unquestioning adherence to a political decision already made. The need is for adherence to the Hawaii Constitution and the intent of the framers of the 1978' amendment to Article XII, Section 1. There is no unusual need for unquestioning adherence to a legislative decision not to make sufficient sums available to DHHL as mandated by the Hawaii Constitution.
[447]*447F. EMBARRASSMENT
There is no potential for embarrassment due to multifarious pronouncements by various departments on one question. In this case, DHHL should ask the legislature to make sufficient sums available to it. DHHL shall be guided by the 1978 Constitutional Convention in determining the amount of sums it should request from the legislature. The legislature will or will not make sufficient sums available. If there is a dispute as to whether the sums are sufficient, the courts may be asked to resolve the question. In resolving this question, the courts would consider the request of DHHL, the response of the legislature, and the mandate of the 1978 Constitutional Convention.
Because none of the six factors set forth in Yamasaki is present in this case, the question of the legislature making sufficient sums available to the DHHL is justiciable and therefore not a political question.
VII.
Therefore, the Final Judgment filed on September 23, 2009 in the Circuit Court of the First Circuit is vacated, and this case is remanded to the circuit court for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.