Ndoromo v. Garland

• Court: District Court, District of Columbia
• Decided: October 17, 2024
• Docket: Civil Action No. 2023-3000
• Status: Published

Opinion

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

AKUBE WUROMONI NDOROMO,

Plaintiff, Case No. 23-cv-3000 (JMC)

v.

MERRICK B. GARLAND,

Defendant.

MEMORANDUM OPINION

This is at least the fourth lawsuit that Plaintiff Akube Wuromoni Ndoromo has filed to

challenge his 2007 criminal conviction and a related civil forfeiture action. He lost all those suits—

at least one of them because the court found that he was barred from relitigating matters that had

already been resolved. Ndoromo cannot continue to bring the same lawsuit over and over again.

Like his prior cases, this case will also be dismissed. And with prejudice.

I. FACTUAL BACKGROUND

In 2006, Ndoromo was charged with 26 counts of healthcare fraud, making false

statements, and money laundering. See United States v. Akiuber Ndoromo James, No. 06-cr-19-

EGS (D.D.C.), ECF 3. His indictment included a forfeiture allegation identifying two cars and

money as the proceeds from his alleged crimes. Id. at 13–15. In March 2007, a jury found Ndoromo

guilty of one count of health care fraud, 11 counts of making false statements, and eight counts of

money laundering. Id. at ECF 37. The jury’s verdict included findings that the two cars and

$1,856,812.71 were derived from Ndoromo’s crimes. See id. at ECF 41.

In 2008, the court sentenced Ndoromo to 57 months of incarceration and 36 months of

supervised release, and ordered him to pay $1,856,812.71 in restitution. James, No. 06-cr-19-EGS

1 (D.D.C.), ECF 117 at 2–4. The court also ordered that Ndoromo forfeit the cars and money that

the jury found were the proceeds of his illegal conduct. Id. at ECF 122, ECF 123. Ndoromo

apparently did not appeal his criminal conviction, and the court dismissed a later habeas action as

untimely. Id. at Feb. 2, 2012 Minute Order.

The Government also pursued forfeiture of the proceeds of Ndoromo’s crimes in a separate,

civil action, United States v. $455,273.72, No. 05-cv-356-EGS (D.D.C.). In 2011, the court granted

summary judgment in favor of the Government, finding that Ndoromo’s conviction was based

upon the same facts as the forfeiture action. Id., ECF 73 at 12–16. Ndoromo appealed the court’s

order, but the D.C. Circuit summarily affirmed it. United States v. $455,273.72, No. 11-5327 (D.C.

Cir.), March 7, 2012 Order.

Several years ago, Ndoromo began filing civil suits demanding return of the property

seized from him because of his criminal conviction. In 2018, Ndoromo filed suit in this district

against then-Attorney General William Barr, among others, challenging the validity of the 2008

forfeiture order. He claimed that his property had been illegally seized, attacked the jury’s verdict,

and alleged that the Government’s conduct somehow violated the False Claims Act. See, e.g.,

Ndoromo v. Barr (Ndoromo I), No. 18-cv-2339 (CKK), 2019 WL 2781412 (D.D.C. July 2, 2019),

aff’d, No. 19-5211, 2020 WL 873550 (D.C. Cir. Feb. 13, 2020). That court dismissed his case

because it found that his complaint did not state any plausible claims for relief, including because

he could not collaterally attack another court’s forfeiture order or his guilty verdict through his

civil action. Id. at *3–4.

Months after the court dismissed his case, in 2019, Ndoromo filed another lawsuit against

Barr (and others) in the Superior Court of the District of Columbia, which was later removed to

this district. See Ndoromo v. Barr (Ndoromo II), 486 F. Supp. 3d 388 (D.D.C. 2020). His complaint

2 raised the same claims that the court had dismissed in Ndoromo I—his property had been stolen

from him, his conviction was invalid, and the Government violated the False Claims Act. See

Ndoromo II, No. 19-cv-3781 (D.D.C.), ECF 1-1. Again, the court dismissed his case—not only

because Ndoromo (again) failed to state any claims that entitled him to relief, but because the

doctrine of res judicata precluded him from relitigating claims that had already been resolved on

their merits. Ndoromo II, 486 F. Supp. 3d at 396–98. Ndoromo appealed, but the D.C. Circuit

summarily affirmed the court’s dismissal order. Ndoromo v. Barr, No. 20-5323, 2021 WL 2525717

(D.C. Cir. Aug. 16, 2021). In doing so, the D.C. Circuit found that the district court “correctly

concluded that Appellant’s claims are barred by claim preclusion because they were or could have

been raised in appellant’s prior case, [Ndoromo I].” Id. at *1.

Despite the orders dismissing his case, Ndoromo filed another lawsuit against Attorney

General Merrick Garland in the Superior Court of the District of Columbia in 2023. Ndoromo’s

complaint again raised claims about his conviction, his confinement, and the seizure of the

property taken from him because of his criminal conduct. Specifically, his complaint challenged

the following: “(a) Removable of Seven Bank Accounts from two Banks; Bank of America and

City Bank in Wash. DC. NW. Dec. 21/22, 2004[;] (b) Seizing properties; vehicles, documents and

business disks using illegal warrants in Washington DC. NW. Dec. 22, 2004 1[;] (c) Shutting down

small business of 8 plus people in Washington DC. NW. December 22, 2004; (d) Kidnapping

owner holding him in confinement for 4yrs and 3months in Washington DC, Jail, and NY, MDC

Broklyn[;] (e) All the above terrorism or corruption happened in Dec. 21/22, 2004 and March 30,

2007, the kidnapping.” 2 See Compl., Ndoromo v. Garland (Ndoromo III), 2023-CAB-3125 (D.C.

1 According to court documents, some property that was ultimately the subject of the Court’s forfeiture order was seized from Ndoromo in 2004. $455,273.72, No. 05-cv-356, ECF 52 ¶¶ 14–15 (D.D.C. Apr. 21, 2009). 2 Typos in quotes from Ndoromo’s complaints are unmodified from the original complaints.

3 Super. Ct. May 30, 2023). The Superior Court found that Ndoromo’s claims fell outside the

applicable statute of limitations for his causes of action and thus dismissed his case. Order

Dismissing Case, Ndoromo III (D.C. Super. Ct. Aug. 31, 2023).

Two weeks after the Superior Court dismissed his third lawsuit, Ndoromo filed another

suit against the same Defendant, raising the same claims, in the same court. Defendant removed

the case to this Court, and it is the instant suit. See ECF 1. The complaint before this Court is just

about identical to the one that the Superior Court dismissed in Ndoromo III; it appears that he cut

and pasted, with a few wording changes, the same allegations that the Superior Court judge found

were time barred. His suit again raises: “(a) Removable of Seven(7) Bank Accounts from two(2)

Banks: Bank of America and City BankDec. 21/22/2004[;] (b) Seizing properties: Vehicles,

documents and business disks using illegally warrants in Washington DC. Dec. 22, 2004[;] (c)

Shutting down small business of Eight(8) plus people in Washington D.C. Dec. 22, 2004[;] (d)

Kidnapping owner holding him in confinement for Four(4)yrs and Three(3) Months DC, Jail and

NY MDC Broklyn[;] (e) The complaint to stop the terrorism against ‘We the people’ is still going

on[;] (f) The fake criminal case is lost infront of Jury so the Government must return their terror

seized.” ECF 1-1 at 2.

Defendant moved to dismiss Ndoromo’s complaint. ECF 9. The Court then issued an order

directing Ndoromo to submit his response to Defendant’s motion and warning him that his failure

to respond could result in the Court treating the motion as conceded and disposing of his case. ECF

10. That order, however, contained a typographical error 3 that the Court corrected by rescinding

it, issuing a new order advising Ndoromo of his obligation to respond to the motion to dismiss,

and extending Ndoromo’s deadline to file his response. ECF 21. For reasons that the Court does

3 The Court’s order identified Ndoromo by the wrong name.

4 not understand, Ndoromo has continued to file pleadings complaining about the order that the

Court has since told Ndoromo he should disregard, see ECFs 22, 23, 24, but has not otherwise

responded to Defendant’s motion to dismiss. Ndoromo also filed a motion to remand this case to

the Superior Court. ECF 24.

II. LEGAL STANDARD

Under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6), a “complaint must contain sufficient

factual matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.’” Ashcroft v.

Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (quoting Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007)).

Res judicata is an affirmative defense that can be raised in a Rule 12(b)(6) motion “where [it] can

either be established from the face of the complaint, matters fairly incorporated within it, and

matters susceptible to judicial notice” such as court records. Lewis v. Drug Enf’t Admin., 777 F.

Supp. 2d 151, 159 (D.D.C. 2011), aff'd, No. 11-5152, 2012 WL 1155698 (D.C. Cir. Mar. 8, 2012).

III. ANALYSIS

Defendant has moved to dismiss Ndoromo’s complaint on many grounds, including that

his claims are precluded because they have already been raised and resolved in prior lawsuits. The

Court agrees.

A lawsuit is barred under the doctrine of res judicata if there has been prior litigation “(1)

involving the same claims or cause of action, (2) between the same parties or their privies, and (3)

there has been a final, valid judgment on the merits, (4) by a court of competent jurisdiction.”

Natural Res. Def. Council v. EPA, 513 F.3d 257, 260–61 (D.C. Cir. 2008) (quoting Smalls v.

United States, 471 F.3d 186, 192 (D.C. Cir. 2006)). Res judicata precludes this suit. At least three

times before this case, Ndoromo filed complaints almost identical to the one before this Court

attempting to challenge his conviction and the forfeiture of property that he obtained through fraud.

5 He has brought each of his suits against the Attorney General. And courts of competent jurisdiction

in the district in which he was convicted and his property was seized—both federal and local—

have already considered his claims and rejected them in well-reasoned decisions. See Ndoromo I,

No. 18-cv-2339, 2019 WL 2781412 (D.D.C. July 2, 2019); Ndoromo II, 486 F. Supp. 3d 388

(D.D.C. 2020), aff’d., No. 20-5323, 2021 WL 2525717 (D.C. Cir. May 17, 2021); ECF 3-1

(Ndoromo III dismissal order). These prior orders informed Ndoromo that he cannot collaterally

attack his conviction and a prior forfeiture order in his civil suit, Ndoromo I, 2019 WL 278142, at

*3–4, that he brought his claims too late, ECF 3-1 at 3–4, and that he cannot relitigate the same

claims that have already been dismissed, Ndoromo II, 486 F. Supp. 3d at 396–98. Indeed, the D.C.

Circuit affirmed the Ndoromo II court’s prior dismissal of his case on res judicata grounds.

Ndoromo v. Barr, No. 20-5323, 2021 WL 2525717 (D.C. Cir. Aug. 16, 2021). There is nothing in

the operative complaint that Ndoromo did not raise in prior lawsuits or that he could not have

raised in those actions. And Ndoromo does not dispute this in any of the pleadings he has filed in

this case. So, his case is dismissed.

The Court’s dismissal of this case is with prejudice. Dismissal with prejudice is warranted

when the court “determines that the allegation of other facts consistent with the challenged

pleading could not possibly cure the deficiency.” Firestone v. Firestone, 76 F.3d 1205, 1209 (D.C.

Cir. 1996). The Court makes that finding here. There is no amendment Ndoromo can make to his

complaint that changes the fact that courts have already resolved these claims. The Court will not

permit him to file this case again.

* * *

Accordingly, Defendant’s motion to dismiss, ECF 9, is GRANTED and this case is

DISMISSED with prejudice. Ndoromo’s motion to remand this case to the Superior Court of the

6 District of Columbia, ECF 24, is DENIED as moot. A separate order accompanies this

memorandum opinion.

SO ORDERED.

__________________________ JIA M. COBB United States District Judge

Date: October 17, 2024