MAINE SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT Reporter of Decisions Decision: 2019 ME 153 Docket: Yor-19-63 Argued: September 26, 2019 Decided: October 24, 2019 Revised: November 19, 2019
Panel: SAUFLEY, C.J., and ALEXANDER, MEAD, GORMAN,* JABAR, HJELM, and HUMPHREY, JJ.
NATIONAL WRECKER, INC.
v.
PROGRESSIVE CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANY
JABAR, J.
[¶1] National Wrecker, Inc., (“NWI”) appeals from an order entered in
the Superior Court (York County, O’Neil, J.) granting Progressive Casualty
Insurance Company’s (“Progressive”) motion for summary judgment, and
denying NWI’s. Central to this appeal is the question of whether a judgment
obtained by NWI against Fred Muluya d/b/a Anakiya Trucking (“Muluya”),
Progressive’s insured, is covered by Muluya’s automobile insurance contract.
We agree with the Superior Court that it is not covered by the policy, and we
therefore affirm the judgment in favor of Progressive.
* Although not available at oral argument, Justice Gorman participated in the development of this opinion. See M.R. App. P. 12(a) (“A qualified justice may participate in a decision even though not present at oral argument.”). 2
I. BACKGROUND
[¶2] The following facts are set forth in the joint stipulation of fact,
submitted to the Superior Court in support of the parties’ respective motions
for summary judgment. We review the Superior Court’s entry of summary
judgment de novo as a matter of law, in light of the stipulated facts. Wallace v.
State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 2017 ME 141, ¶ 8, 166 A.3d 989.
A. The Accident
[¶3] Muluya1 owned a large box truck insured by a Commercial Auto
Insurance Policy through Progressive, the defendant in this matter. In the early
morning of December 20, 2016, the Eliot Police Department contacted NWI to
respond to an accident involving Muluya’s truck, which had gone off the road
and crashed into a ditch on property owned by a third party. The truck had
suffered substantial damage and diesel fuel was leaking from the punctured
fuel tank. In an effort to contain the leaked fuel and prevent further leakage,
the NWI employees pumped the remaining diesel from the truck and laid
absorbent pads over the spilled fuel. NWI also removed debris from the scene.
Two NWI wreckers removed the truck from the third party’s property to the
1 Muluya is not a party in the present case. 3
roadway and towed it to an NWI facility in Eliot.2 NWI sent Muluya an invoice
detailing these services and requesting payment of $7,440 for the services.
[¶4] In February 2017, NWI filed a complaint against Muluya in Superior
Court, seeking “payment of its invoice for recovery and remediation services;
assisting of [Muluya] in the clean-up of [the] accident; towing fees; and storage
fees.” In June 2017, the Superior Court (York County, Douglas, J.) entered
judgment in favor of NWI (the “underlying judgment”) and awarded NWI
$26,540 in total damages for the services listed on the invoice and the
subsequent storage fees for Muluya’s truck. 3
B. The Policy
[¶5] Muluya carried a Commercial Auto Insurance Policy with
Progressive at all times relevant to this case. The truck was listed on the “Auto
Coverage Schedule” of the policy. The policy provides $5,000 in compulsory
property damage liability coverage, and $100,000 in optional property damage
coverage.
2 A separate company was responsible for further cleanup and remediation of the leaked diesel fuel. 3The record does not contain a copy of the complaint filed in the underlying case, Nat'l Wrecker, Inc. v. Fred Muluya d/b/a Anakiya Trucking, ALFSC-CV-2017-0045 (Me. Super. Ct., York Cty., June 29, 2017). As discussed in greater detail below, the parties disagree about what the underlying judgment represents. 4
[¶6] Liability coverage is provided in Part I of the policy, which contains
the following language:4
[I]f you pay the premium for liability coverage, we will pay damages . . . for bodily injury, property damage, and covered pollution cost or expense, for which an insured becomes legally responsible because of an accident arising out of the ownership, maintenance or use of an insured auto.
The Policy defines “property damage” as “damage to tangible property
including any applicable sales tax and the costs resulting from loss of use of the
damaged property.”
C. The Order Appealed From
[¶7] Pursuant to Maine’s reach-and-apply statute, 24-A M.R.S. § 2904
(2018), NWI filed a claim against Progressive on August 7, 2017, seeking
recovery of the $26,540 judgment it obtained against Muluya. NWI also sought
a declaratory judgment entitling it to collect on its judgment against Muluya
from Progressive, pursuant to 14 M.R.S. §§ 5951-5963 (2018).
[¶8] The parties filed cross-motions for summary judgment in May 2018,
along with a joint stipulation of fact. Both parties contended that the “sole legal
issue to be decided in the case [was] whether Progressive’s insurance policy
This is the standard Liability to Others provision of the policy as amended by a Massachusetts 4
Amendatory Endorsement. 5
covers National Wrecker’s judgment.” After holding a hearing on the motions,
the Superior Court (O’Neil, J.) issued an order granting Progressive’s motion for
summary judgment and denying NWI’s.
[¶9] NWI timely appeals. M.R. App. P. 2B(c)(1).
II. DISCUSSION
[¶10] “We review de novo both a court’s grant of summary judgment and
its interpretation of an insurance policy.” Kelley v. North East Ins. Co., 2017 ME
166, ¶ 4, 168 A.3d 779. The material facts are not in dispute and our review is
limited to whether Progressive was entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Id.
[¶11] “Standard liability insurance policies provide that the insurer has
a duty to indemnify the insured for those sums that the insured becomes legally
obligated to pay as damages for a covered claim.” Harlor v. Amica Mut. Ins. Co.,
2016 ME 161, ¶ 23, 150 A.3d 793 (alterations omitted) (quotation marks
omitted). “The reach and apply statute enables a judgment creditor to have
insurance money applied to the satisfaction of the judgment by bringing an
action against the judgment debtor’s insurer if the judgment debtor was
insured for the liability forming the basis of the judgment.” Ashe v. Enterprise
Rent-A-Car, 2003 ME 147, ¶ 14, 838 A.2d 1157 (citation omitted); 24-A M.R.S. §
2904 (2018). 6
[¶12] When a party appeals a judgment denying insurance coverage in a
reach-and-apply action, our first step is to “identify the basis of liability and
damages from the underlying complaint and judgment and then to review the
insurance policy to determine if any of the damages awarded in the underlying
judgment are based on claims that would be recoverable pursuant to the
policy.” Kelley, 2017 ME 166, ¶ 5, 168 A.3d 779 (alterations omitted) (quotation
marks omitted); see 24-A M.R.S. § 2904 (2018).
[¶13] The parties do not dispute that the basis for the underlying
judgment is Muluya’s liability for payment for the services rendered by NWI.
Rather, the parties dispute whether there was property damage to the property
owned by the third party that is inseparably linked to those services and
Muluya’s liability.
[¶14] Muluya’s policy with Progressive does cover property damage
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MAINE SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT Reporter of Decisions Decision: 2019 ME 153 Docket: Yor-19-63 Argued: September 26, 2019 Decided: October 24, 2019 Revised: November 19, 2019
Panel: SAUFLEY, C.J., and ALEXANDER, MEAD, GORMAN,* JABAR, HJELM, and HUMPHREY, JJ.
NATIONAL WRECKER, INC.
v.
PROGRESSIVE CASUALTY INSURANCE COMPANY
JABAR, J.
[¶1] National Wrecker, Inc., (“NWI”) appeals from an order entered in
the Superior Court (York County, O’Neil, J.) granting Progressive Casualty
Insurance Company’s (“Progressive”) motion for summary judgment, and
denying NWI’s. Central to this appeal is the question of whether a judgment
obtained by NWI against Fred Muluya d/b/a Anakiya Trucking (“Muluya”),
Progressive’s insured, is covered by Muluya’s automobile insurance contract.
We agree with the Superior Court that it is not covered by the policy, and we
therefore affirm the judgment in favor of Progressive.
* Although not available at oral argument, Justice Gorman participated in the development of this opinion. See M.R. App. P. 12(a) (“A qualified justice may participate in a decision even though not present at oral argument.”). 2
I. BACKGROUND
[¶2] The following facts are set forth in the joint stipulation of fact,
submitted to the Superior Court in support of the parties’ respective motions
for summary judgment. We review the Superior Court’s entry of summary
judgment de novo as a matter of law, in light of the stipulated facts. Wallace v.
State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 2017 ME 141, ¶ 8, 166 A.3d 989.
A. The Accident
[¶3] Muluya1 owned a large box truck insured by a Commercial Auto
Insurance Policy through Progressive, the defendant in this matter. In the early
morning of December 20, 2016, the Eliot Police Department contacted NWI to
respond to an accident involving Muluya’s truck, which had gone off the road
and crashed into a ditch on property owned by a third party. The truck had
suffered substantial damage and diesel fuel was leaking from the punctured
fuel tank. In an effort to contain the leaked fuel and prevent further leakage,
the NWI employees pumped the remaining diesel from the truck and laid
absorbent pads over the spilled fuel. NWI also removed debris from the scene.
Two NWI wreckers removed the truck from the third party’s property to the
1 Muluya is not a party in the present case. 3
roadway and towed it to an NWI facility in Eliot.2 NWI sent Muluya an invoice
detailing these services and requesting payment of $7,440 for the services.
[¶4] In February 2017, NWI filed a complaint against Muluya in Superior
Court, seeking “payment of its invoice for recovery and remediation services;
assisting of [Muluya] in the clean-up of [the] accident; towing fees; and storage
fees.” In June 2017, the Superior Court (York County, Douglas, J.) entered
judgment in favor of NWI (the “underlying judgment”) and awarded NWI
$26,540 in total damages for the services listed on the invoice and the
subsequent storage fees for Muluya’s truck. 3
B. The Policy
[¶5] Muluya carried a Commercial Auto Insurance Policy with
Progressive at all times relevant to this case. The truck was listed on the “Auto
Coverage Schedule” of the policy. The policy provides $5,000 in compulsory
property damage liability coverage, and $100,000 in optional property damage
coverage.
2 A separate company was responsible for further cleanup and remediation of the leaked diesel fuel. 3The record does not contain a copy of the complaint filed in the underlying case, Nat'l Wrecker, Inc. v. Fred Muluya d/b/a Anakiya Trucking, ALFSC-CV-2017-0045 (Me. Super. Ct., York Cty., June 29, 2017). As discussed in greater detail below, the parties disagree about what the underlying judgment represents. 4
[¶6] Liability coverage is provided in Part I of the policy, which contains
the following language:4
[I]f you pay the premium for liability coverage, we will pay damages . . . for bodily injury, property damage, and covered pollution cost or expense, for which an insured becomes legally responsible because of an accident arising out of the ownership, maintenance or use of an insured auto.
The Policy defines “property damage” as “damage to tangible property
including any applicable sales tax and the costs resulting from loss of use of the
damaged property.”
C. The Order Appealed From
[¶7] Pursuant to Maine’s reach-and-apply statute, 24-A M.R.S. § 2904
(2018), NWI filed a claim against Progressive on August 7, 2017, seeking
recovery of the $26,540 judgment it obtained against Muluya. NWI also sought
a declaratory judgment entitling it to collect on its judgment against Muluya
from Progressive, pursuant to 14 M.R.S. §§ 5951-5963 (2018).
[¶8] The parties filed cross-motions for summary judgment in May 2018,
along with a joint stipulation of fact. Both parties contended that the “sole legal
issue to be decided in the case [was] whether Progressive’s insurance policy
This is the standard Liability to Others provision of the policy as amended by a Massachusetts 4
Amendatory Endorsement. 5
covers National Wrecker’s judgment.” After holding a hearing on the motions,
the Superior Court (O’Neil, J.) issued an order granting Progressive’s motion for
summary judgment and denying NWI’s.
[¶9] NWI timely appeals. M.R. App. P. 2B(c)(1).
II. DISCUSSION
[¶10] “We review de novo both a court’s grant of summary judgment and
its interpretation of an insurance policy.” Kelley v. North East Ins. Co., 2017 ME
166, ¶ 4, 168 A.3d 779. The material facts are not in dispute and our review is
limited to whether Progressive was entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Id.
[¶11] “Standard liability insurance policies provide that the insurer has
a duty to indemnify the insured for those sums that the insured becomes legally
obligated to pay as damages for a covered claim.” Harlor v. Amica Mut. Ins. Co.,
2016 ME 161, ¶ 23, 150 A.3d 793 (alterations omitted) (quotation marks
omitted). “The reach and apply statute enables a judgment creditor to have
insurance money applied to the satisfaction of the judgment by bringing an
action against the judgment debtor’s insurer if the judgment debtor was
insured for the liability forming the basis of the judgment.” Ashe v. Enterprise
Rent-A-Car, 2003 ME 147, ¶ 14, 838 A.2d 1157 (citation omitted); 24-A M.R.S. §
2904 (2018). 6
[¶12] When a party appeals a judgment denying insurance coverage in a
reach-and-apply action, our first step is to “identify the basis of liability and
damages from the underlying complaint and judgment and then to review the
insurance policy to determine if any of the damages awarded in the underlying
judgment are based on claims that would be recoverable pursuant to the
policy.” Kelley, 2017 ME 166, ¶ 5, 168 A.3d 779 (alterations omitted) (quotation
marks omitted); see 24-A M.R.S. § 2904 (2018).
[¶13] The parties do not dispute that the basis for the underlying
judgment is Muluya’s liability for payment for the services rendered by NWI.
Rather, the parties dispute whether there was property damage to the property
owned by the third party that is inseparably linked to those services and
Muluya’s liability.
[¶14] Muluya’s policy with Progressive does cover property damage
caused by Muluya’s truck to the third-party owner’s property resulting from
the accident. However, Muluya has not been sued by the property owner, nor
has Muluya’s responsibility for any property damage ever been otherwise
established. The question before us is whether the underlying judgment
obtained by NWI is for damage to the third-party owner’s property. 7
[¶15] While the parties stipulated that the court entered judgment for
NWI and awarded $26,540 in total damages for the services listed on the
invoice and the subsequent storage fees, there is nothing in the record that
specifies the allegations of the underlying complaint or the basis for the award.
There is nothing to establish that those services were a direct result of the
unidentified third-party owner’s property damage that would be covered
under Muluya’s policy. See Unobskey v. Continental Ins. Co., 147 Me. 249, 258,
86 A.2d 160 (1952).
[¶16] Progressive was entitled to judgment as a matter of law because
NWI failed to satisfy its burden of showing that the allegations of the underlying
judgment established liability for property damage covered by the policy.
[¶17] Section 2904 provides that, when a party “recovers a final
judgment against any other person for any loss or damage specified in section
2903, the judgment creditor shall be entitled to have the insurance money
applied to the satisfaction of the judgment by bringing a civil action, in his own
name . . . .” 24-A M.R.S. § 2904 (2018). Section 2903 creates liability for the
insurer “whenever such [covered] loss or damage, for which the insured is
responsible, occurs.” 24-A M.R.S. § 2903 (2018). A necessary prerequisite for
a reach-and-apply action is a final judgment for covered damage. Because NWI 8
has not established that its final judgment against Muluya is for covered
damage, it cannot prevail in a reach-and-apply action and Progressive was
entitled to judgment as a matter of law.5
III. CONCLUSION
[¶18] We hereby affirm the Superior Court’s order granting
Progressive’s motion for summary judgment and denying NWI’s motion.
The entry is:
Judgment affirmed.
William J. Gallitto, III, Esq. (orally), Bergen & Parkinson, LLC, Saco, for appellant National Wrecker, Inc.
James D. Poliquin, Esq. (orally), Norman, Hanson & DeTroy, LLC, Portland, for appellee Progressive Casualty Insurance Company
York County Superior Court docket number CV-2017-183 FOR CLERK REFERENCE ONLY
We find no merit to NWI’s argument that the Duty to Protect provision of the insurance contract 5
provides an independent basis for coverage and we therefore do not discuss it.