National Asso. for Legal Support of Alternative Schools v. Commissioner

71 T.C. 118, 1978 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 35
CourtUnited States Tax Court
DecidedNovember 6, 1978
DocketDocket No. 6844-77X
StatusPublished
Cited by7 cases

This text of 71 T.C. 118 (National Asso. for Legal Support of Alternative Schools v. Commissioner) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering United States Tax Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
National Asso. for Legal Support of Alternative Schools v. Commissioner, 71 T.C. 118, 1978 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 35 (tax 1978).

Opinion

Fay, Judge:

Respondent determined that petitioner does not qualify for exemption from Federal income tax under section 501(a)1 as an organization described in section 501(c)(3). Petitioner challenges respondent’s determination and has invoked the jurisdiction of this Court for a declaratory judgment pursuant to section 7428.2 At issue is whether petitioner satisfies the operational requirements for exemption as an educational organization pursuant to the regulations under section 501(c)(3).

This case is submitted for our decision under Rule 122, Tax Court Rules of Practice and Procedure. The joint stipulation as to the administrative record and the administrative record were filed by the parties pursuant to Rule 217 of this Court. The evidentiary facts and representations contained in the administrative record are assumed to be true for purposes of this proceeding.3 The pertinent facts are set forth below.

Petitioner is a nonprofit corporation organized under the laws of the State of New Mexico in June 1975. Its registered office is located in Santa Fe, N. Mex.

Petitioner was founded by Edward D. Nagel to promote better education for children through expanded private educational opportunities, and to provide the public information on alternatives to public education at little or no cost. The specific objectives and purposes of petitioner are set out in its bylaws as follows:

1. To research and compile a collection of legal actions from around the country involving the establishment, existence, or survival of alternative educational programs.
2. To establish and maintain a legal service, information and resource center.
3. To duplicate and distribute relevant legal documents to its membership.
4. To codify, analyze, and publicize significant legal actions affecting the establishment, existence or survival of alternative educational programs.
5. To publish a newsletter.
6. To develop areas and sources of funding for the Association and its areas of interest.

Petitioner’s bylaws also state the requirements for membership in the association. Two classes of members are provided for: permanent and associate. All persons who have served at least 1 year as the director, principal, or other official of a tax-exempt, nonpublic educational organization are eligible to become permanent members of the association. All lawyers, administrators, teachers, or parents who have been involved with the establishment, existence, or survival of a tax-exempt public or nonpublic educational organization are eligible to become associate members. In addition, all members pay $20 per year in dues. As of March 31,1976, petitioner had a total of 19 members from 12 different States.

Since its inception, petitioner has operated with very limited funds. For the period beginning July 1,1975, and ending March 31,1976, petitioner received only $310 in membership dues, $110 in contributions, and $10 in newsletter subscription fees. During this same period, petitioner’s total expenditures were $274.21.

To carry out its stated objectives, petitioner has collected information on lawsuits across the country involving the organization and operation of alternative schools. Briefs filed in these actions as well as other articles and publications on alternative schools are available to both members and nonmembers for only the cost of reproduction.

In a few instances, petitioner has aided parents in their efforts to avoid sending their children to public schools without violating compulsory school attendance laws by suggesting different types of supervised home study as an alternative. Moreover, petitioner has provided individuals interested in starting an alternative school with necessary information on incorporating and obtaining accreditation.4 Petitioner has also acted as a clearinghouse, putting interested parents in contact with accredited alternative schools.

In addition, Nagel wrote articles explaining petitioner’s objectives and purposes which he submitted to organizations similar to petitioner for publication. Several of these organizations subsequently published some of the articles in newsletters which they mailed to their members.

Petitioner intends to publish a quarterly newsletter to keep subscribers abreast of developments concerning alternative education. Thus far, however, petitioner has published only one issue of its newsletter due to its lack of operating funds. This first issue contained an explanation of petitioner’s objectives, information it can provide, and a request for contributions.

In order for an organization to be exempt from Federal income tax under section 501(a), section 501(c)(3) provides that three requirements must be met: (1) The organization must be organized and operated exclusively for one or more exempt purposes; (2) no part of its net earnings may inure to the benefit of any private shareholder or individual; and (3) it must not devote a substantial part of its activities to political or lobbying activity.5

Of these three requirements, only the first is in issue here because neither the second nor third requirement was raised by the respondent as a ground for its adverse ruling. While respondent does not dispute that petitioner has met the organizational test, in his notice of determination respondent determined petitioner failed the operational test. This test provides:

An organization will be regarded as “operated exclusively” for one or more exempt purposes only if it engages primarily in activities which accomplish one or more of such exempt purposes specified in section 501(c)(3). An organization will not be so regarded if more than an insubstantial part of its activities is not in furtherance of an exempt purpose, [sec. 1.501(c)(3)-l(c)(l), Income Tax Regs.]

Specifically, respondent contends petitioner failed the operational test on two grounds: (1) Petitioner was operated for private rather than public interests, and (2) petitioner was not operated for an exempt purpose because it was not an educational organization within the meaning of the regulations.

The burden of proof is on the petitioner to overcome the grounds for denial of the exemption set forth in respondent’s notice of determination. Rule 217(c)(2)(i), Tax Court Rules of Practice and Procedure. Based on the entire administrative record, we believe petitioner has met this burden.

Section 1.501(c)(3)-l(d)(l)(ii), Income Tax Regs., provides:

An organization is not organized or operated exclusively for [an exempt purpose] * * * unless it serves a public rather than a private interest. Thus, to meet the requirement of this subdivision, it is necessary for an organization to establish that it is not organized or operated for the benefit of private interests such as designated individuals, the creator or his family, shareholders of the organization or persons controlled, directly or indirectly, by such private interests.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
71 T.C. 118, 1978 U.S. Tax Ct. LEXIS 35, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/national-asso-for-legal-support-of-alternative-schools-v-commissioner-tax-1978.